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Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research)
Published by Persatuan Ahli Gizi Indonesia
ISSN : 01259717     EISSN : 23388358     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36457
Core Subject : Health, Social,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences
Focus and Scope Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan is a journal developed to disseminate and discuss the scientific literature and other research on the development of health in the field of food and nutrition. This journal is intended as a medium for communication among stake holders on health research such asresearchers, educators, students, practitioners of Health Office, Department of Health, Public Health Service center, as well as the general public who have an interest in the matter. The journal is trying to meet the growing need to study health. Vision: Becoming a notable national journal in the field of food and nutritions towards a reputable international journal. Mission: Providing scientific communication media in food and nutritions research in order to advance science andtechnology in related fields. Organizes scholarly journal publishing in health research with an attempt to achieve a high impact factorin the development of science and technology.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 9 Documents
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PENGARUH ASUPAN PROTEIN IBU HAMIL DAN PANJANG BADAN BAYI LAHIR TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 12 BULAN DI KABUPATEN BOGOR (EFFECT OF THE PREGNANT WOMEN’S PROTEIN INTAKE AND THEIR BABY LENGTH AT BIRTH TO THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN Fitrah Ernawati; Yuniar Rosamalina; Yurista Permanasari
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v36i1.3388.1-11

Abstract

ABSTRACT Nutritional adequacy of pregnant women will affect the nutritional status of their children, especially in their “golden age”. The objective of this study was to determine the associated factors that influence the incidence of stunting in children of 12 months old, to compare the hazard ratio of the occurrence of stunting, and to determine the most important factors that associated the incidence of stunting in children aged 12 months old. This was a longitudinal study. The samples include 262 pregnant women with gestational age between 12-16 weeks who were subsequently followed-up until their babies were 12 months old. Data were collected from March 2011 until December 2012. Data included maternal education, food consumption recall of pregnant women, and the nutritional status of children aged 12 months old. The statistical analysis used was descriptive analysis, Kaplan Meier, and COX Regression. Babies born from mothers who had less than 58 percent RDA protein intake in their second trimester of pregnancy had 1.6 times more risk to develop stunting at 12 months old compared to those born from mothers who had 58 % RDA or more protein intake during their second trimester of pregnancy. Also, children who were born with body length < 48 cm had 5.9 times more risk to develop stunting at 12 months old compared to those born with body length ≥ 48 cm. The protein intake of pregnant mothers at second trimester and body length of child at birth could influence the occurrence of stunting in their children at 12 months old.   Keywords: child stunting, food consumption, pregnant women     ABSTRAK Kecukupan gizi ibu hamil sangat mempengaruhi status gizi anak dalam kandungan yang selanjutnya akan menentukan perkembangan anak, khususnya pada masa pertumbuhan (golden age). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor yang diduga mempengaruhi kejadian postur tubuh pendek (stunting) pada anak usia 12 bulan, membandingkan rasio hazard kejadian stunting, serta menentukan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12 bulan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian longitudinal. Subjek penelitian adalah 262 ibu hamil 12-16 minggu yang mengikuti dari awal rekrutmen sampai anak lahir dan berusia 12 bulan. Data dikumpulkan dari Maret sampai Desember 2012 meliputi pendidikan ibu, konsumsi makanan 1x 24 jam, dan panjang serta berat badan lahir bayi. Panjang badan bayi diukur setiap bulan sampai bayi berusia 12 bulan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dengan Kaplan meier dan multivariat dengan regresi Cox. Bayi yang lahir dari ibu dengan konsumsi protein kurang dari rata-rata (< 58%AKG) pada trimesterter ke-dua mempunyai risiko 1,6 kali mengalami stunting pada usia 12 bulan, juga bayi yang lahir kurang dari 48 cm berisiko 5,9 kali mengalami stunting pada usia 12 bulan dibandingkan anak yg lahir ≥ 48 cm. Asupan protein dan status gizi saat lahir mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12 bulan. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1):1-11] Kata kunci: anak stunting, asupan zat gizi, ibu hamil
HUBUNGAN KADAR TIROGLOBULIN, TSH DAN fT4 SERUM PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI TIGA KABUPATEN DENGAN TINGKAT ENDEMISITAS DEFISIENSI-IODIUM BERBEDA (ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE SERUM THYROGLOBULIN, TSH, AND fT4 AMONG SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN IN THREE DISTRICTS WITH DIF Agus Wibowo; Mohamad Samsudin
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v36i1.3389.12-19

Abstract

ABSTRACT Iodine deficiency lowers circulating thyroxine (T4) and raises serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), where free T4 (fT4) and TSH have strong corelation with thyroglobulin (Tg). The results from population studies indicate, Tg appears to be a valuable indicator of thyroid status, but it has yet to be fully explored. This study aimed to measure the association between serum Tg with TSH and fT4 as alternatif indicators thyroid status in school-aged children. This was a cross-sectional study of sample of 398 schoolchildren aged 10-12 years in three districts with different iodine-deficiency endemicity level, i.e. Pati as a mild endemic district, Purbalingga as a moderate endemic district, and Malang as a severe endemic district. Children’s blood have taken 3 cc as a sample for the determination of Tg, TSH, and fT4. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to determine Tg, TSH and fT4. Mean of serum Tg 14.3 ± 11.1 ng/mL (cut-off 2-50 ng/mL), TSH 3.7 ± 2.2 µIU/mL (cut-off 0.3-6.2), fT4 1.4 ± 0.4 ng/dL (cut-off 0.8-2.0 ng/dL). Correlation analysis was showed the significance of Tg and TSH (p< 0.05) and Tg with fT4 (p< 0.05). The significance analysis of Tg with TSH and fT4 may be evaluated as indicator  for thyroid function in school-aged children in iodine-deficiency endemic areas.   Keywords: thyroglobulin (Tg), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), school-aged children ABSTRAK Defisiensi iodium menurunkan tiroksin (T4) yang beredar dalam darah dan meningkatkan Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), di mana T4 bebas (fT4) dan TSH memiliki hubungan erat dengan tiroglobulin (Tg). Hasil studi populasi menunjukkan, Tg tampak menjadi indikator berharga untuk status tiroid di daerah endemik defisiensi iodium, tetapi belum sepenuhnya dieksplorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur hubungan antara kadar Tg serum dengan kadar TSH dan fT4 sebagai indikator alternatif status tiroid pada anak usia sekolah. Ini merupakan penelitian potong-lintang dari sampel 398 anak usia sekolah berumur 10-12 tahun di tiga kabupaten dengan tingkat endemisitas defisiensi iodium yang berbeda, yakni Pati sebagai kabupaten endemik ringan, Purbalingga sebagai kabupaten endemik ringan, dan Malang sebagai kabupaten endemik berat. Tg, TSH dan fT4 serum diukur dengan menggunakan metode Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Analisis data menggunakan paket program Epi Info, data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analisis bivariat berupa uji korelasi. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil rerata kadar Tg di tiga kabupaten sebesar 14,3 ± 11,1 ng/mL dengan cut off 2-50 ng/mL, sedangkan rerata kadar TSH di tiga kabupaten sebesar 3,7 ± 2,2 µIU/mL dengan cut-off 0,3-6,2 µIU/mL dan rerata kadar fT4 sebesar 1,4 ± 0,4 ng/dL dengan cut-off 0,8-2,0 ng/dL. Uji korelasi menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar Tg dengan TSH (p< 0,05). Demikian juga hubungan antara kadar Tg dan fT4, menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (p< 0,05). Tg dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator status tiroid pada anak usia sekolah karena mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan TSH dan fT4 di daerah endemik defisiensi iodium. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1):12-19]   Kata kunci: tiroglobulin, TSH, T4 bebas, anak usia sekolah
PENDIDIKAN GIZI INFORMAL KEPADA PENJAJA MAKANAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN KEAMANAN PANGAN JAJANAN ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR (INFORMAL NUTRITION EDUCATION TO FOOD VENDORS FOR IMPROVING SAFETY OF STREET-FOODS SELLING AT PRIMARY SCHOOL) Evy Damayanthi; Khusnul Khotimah; Eddy Setyo Mudjajanto; Cesilia Meti Dwiriani; Lilik Kustiyah
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v36i1.3391.20-30

Abstract

ABSTRACT Street foods have an important role in contributing school children energy and nutriens need. Nationally, there is a serious problem on the safety of street food near schoool, therefore an effort is needed to overcome the problem. The objective of this study was to develop a simple model to solve the safety problem of street food near school. The study was conducted in two steps. The first step was done in 10 primary schools to determine the problem and to define the method of problem solving. One school with the worst food safety problem was selected as area of research. The second step was to implement the defined method into the selected primary school. Descriptive and inferensia analysis were applied in this study. Based on street food safety risk evaluation, the defined methods are nutrition extension and assistance to street food vendors in primary school SDN "D". Food vendors at SDN “D” were mostly (88.9%) male, with age between 18-40 years old. Their education background was elementary school (44.7%) and classified as poor (55.6%). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of most food vendors after nutrition extention and assistance are better than before. Pearson correlation test showed a positive significant correlation between knowledge and food safety attitudes (p <0.05). Meanwhile, there is no significant correlation between nutrition knowledge and attitude (p> 0.05), nutrition and food safety knowledge, with food safety practice (p> 0.05), and nutrition and food safety attitude with food safety practices (p> 0.05). Overall, the nutrition and food safety extension and assistance have been effective in improving knowledge, attitudes and practices of the food vendor but it needed more extensive and periodical assistance to sustain the impatct. Keywords: food safety, street-food selling at primary school, nutrition extension ABSTRAK Makanan jajanan memberikan kontribusi yang penting bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan zat gizi bagi anak. Secara nasional ada persoalan serius terhadap masalah keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah dasar sehingga perlu diupayakan cara mengatasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model sederhana upaya mengatasi masalah keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama dilakukan di 10 sekolah dasar (SD) untuk menentukan masalah dan upaya yang akan dilakukan. Satu SD dengan masalah keamanan makanan jajanan yang terparah kemudian ditentukan sebagai lokasi. Pada tahap kedua, upaya yang telah dirumuskan, diterapkan pada SD terpilih. Data diolah secara deskriptif dan inferensia. Berdasarkan tinjauan terhadap resiko ketidakamanan makanan jajanan, upaya yang dilakukan adalah penyuluhan gizi dan pendampingan pada SDN “D”. Penjual makanan di SDN "D" sebagian besar laki-laki (88,9%) dengan kisaran usia 18-40 tahun, berpendidikan SD (44,7%) dan tergolong miskin (55,6%). Pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktek sebagian besar penjual makanan setelah dilakukannya pendampingan lebih baik daripada sebelumnya. Uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan hubungan yang positif nyata antara pengetahuan dan sikap keamanan pangan (p <0,05). Sementara itu. tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap gizi (p> 0,05), pengetahuan gizi dan keamanan pangan dengan praktik keamanan pangan (p> 0,05), dan sikap gizi dan keamanan pangan dengan praktik keamanan pangan (p> 0,05). Secara keseluruhan penyuluhan sudah efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek penjual makanan tentang gizi dan keamanan pangan namun diperlukan pendampingan yang lebih intensif dan berkala untuk menjamin keberlanjutannya. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1):20-30] Kata Kunci: keamanan pangan, pangan jajanan anak sekolah, penyuluhan gizi
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA EDUKASI GIZI MELALUI BUKU MEWARNAI UNTUK PESERTA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI (PAUD) (MEDIA DEVELOPMENT OF NUTRITION EDUCATION THROUGH COLORING BOOKS FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION (ECD)) Yurista Permanasari; Erna Luciasari; Aditianti Aditianti
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v36i1.3393.31-43

Abstract

ABSTRACT Early childhood education (ECD) is a right time to provide nutrition education. The education can be given through playing patterns suitable for age 2-6 years. Currently there is no active nutrition education media for ECD participants. Therefore it is necessary to develop an active media of nutrition education through colouring book. Colouring activitities can stimulate both the cognitive and motor development of children. This study aimed to develop a colouring book as a nutrition education media for ECD participants and assess the acceptance of the media. This research is a formative study using qualitative design. The sample in this study was children aged 2-6 years, their parents, and teachers from four selected ECD in the city and district of Bogor. The research was conducted in 2 steps. The first step was baseline data collection through observations, group interviews and in-depth interviews to the children, the parents, and the teachers of ECD. Based on the baseline data, the nutrition education materials was prepared and the colouring book was designed. The second step was the assessment of the acceptance and the application of educational media by observing the use of educational media while teachers provided the material in the ECD classroom and the use of colouring books by ECD participants. A group interview was also conducted to see the teacher’s response of the nutrition education media through colouring books, and to find qualitative change in nutrition knowledge of ECD participants. Education materials through colouring books were made in two versions. First version is the books purposed for group A of ECD (< 4 years) and second version is for group B of ECD (4-6 years). After the teacher provided the nutrition education materials, nutritional knowledge of ECD participants was better than before. In addition, the media play as an atractive teaching material that stimulated children’s interest. Colouring books can be used as an educational media to increase nutrition knowledge of the children. Keywords: nutrition education media, colouring books, Early Childhood Education ABSTRAK Mendidik anak pada usia dini merupakan saat yang tepat untuk memberikan pendidikan gizi melalui pola bermain yang sesuai dengan usia 2 - 6 tahun. Saat ini belum ada media edukasi gizi aktif untuk peserta PAUD (Pendidikan Usia Dini). Oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkan media edukasi gizi aktif berupa media mewarnai yang juga dapat merangsang aspek kognitif dan motorik anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku mewarnai sebagai media edukasi gizi untuk peserta PAUD, dan menilai daya terima media tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan studi formatif dengan desain kualitatif. Sampel penelitian adalah anak usia 2-6 tahun, orang tua, dan guru di empat PAUD terpilih di Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu pengumpulan data dasar dengan observasi, wawancara kelompok dan wawancara mendalam kepada anak dan orang tua peserta PAUD, serta guru PAUD. Berdasarkan data dasar tersebut, kemudian dilakukan penyusunan materi edukasi gizi dan perancangan buku mewarnai. Tahap kedua adalah penilaian daya terima dan aplikasi media edukasi dengan mengobservasi penggunaan media edukasi pada saat pemberian materi oleh guru PAUD di kelas, dan penggunaan media buku mewarnai oleh anak peserta PAUD. Selain itu juga dilakukan wawancara kelompok untuk melihat respon guru terhadap media edukasi gizi melalui buku mewarnai, dan wawancara kelompok peserta PAUD untuk mengetahui perubahan pengetahuan gizi secara kualitatif. Materi edukasi dengan buku mewarnai ini dibuat dalam dua versi yaitu untuk PAUD kelompok A (< 4 th) dan kelompok B (4-6 th). Pengetahuan gizi anak peserta PAUD menjadi lebih baik setelah pemberian materi edukasi gizi dengan buku mewarnai. Selain itu, media ini berperan sebagai bahan ajar menarik yang menstimulasi minat anak. Buku mewarnai dapat digunakan sebagai media edukasi untuk menambah pengetahuan gizi anak dengan cara mewarnai gambar. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1):31-43] Kata kunci: Media Edukasi Gizi, Buku Mewarnai, Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
KONSUMSI ZAT GIZI DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK GEMUK DI KOTA BOGOR (NUTRIENT INTAKES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF OBESE KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS IN BOGOR CITY) Yunita Diana Sari; Dwi Anggraini Puspitasari
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v36i1.3394.44-53

Abstract

ABSTRACT Overweight or obesity is considered as one of the health problems for adults, children and also as earlier as toddler.  Being overweight for children at early age most likely would make them remain the same through their adolescents and adults years.  Overweight in children is caused by several interrelated factors, such as: unhealthy eating pattern as the habit in consuming food with high fats and calories, and lack of physical activities. The objective of this research was to find out the nutrient intake such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and cholesterol of 4-6 years old children with excess weight, and their energy expends in one day. The research was conducted in three kindergartens at Bogor city. The inclusion criterias of the samples were 4-6 years old students with body weight according to height > 2 SD. Data is collected by anthropometry measurement, 1x24 hours food recall, and 1x24 hours activity recall. The average weight of the students was 26,85 kg. The average energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and cholesterol intakes were 2019 kkal, 229 g, 61 g, 78 g and 457.4 mg respectively. The high intake of cholesterol was acquired from consumption of 3 eggs/day, and from three times consumption of full cream milk/day at the minimum. Total energy expenditure was 1214 kkal/day or there were 805 excess calories/ day. All subjects in this study had physical activity in mild category. The average intake of energy, protein, fat and dietary cholesterol exceeded 100 percent of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. In the long term it would lead to an increase of body weight that could eventually lead to obesity. Keywords: excess nutrition, nutrient intake, total energy expenditure     ABSTRAK Kegemukan atau obesitas menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan  bagi orang dewasa dan anak-anak, bahkan sejak usia balita. Jika kegemukan terjadi pada usia dini kemungkinan besar kegemukan akan menetap sampai dewasa. Obesitas pada anak-anak disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang saling berkaitan, di antaranya  kebiasaan mengonsumsi makanan tinggi lemak dan karbohidrat,  dan kurangnya aktifitas fisik. Tujuan dari penelitia adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran konsumsi zat gizi (energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak dan kolesterol) pada anak usia 4-6 tahun dengan berat badan lebih serta pengeluaran energi sehari. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga Taman Kanak-Kanak di Kota Bogor. Kriteria inklusi sampel yaitu anak TK usia 4-6 tahun dengan berat badan/tinggi badan (BB/TB) ≥ 2 SD. Data diperoreh melalui pengukuran antropometri, recall makanan 1x24 jam dan recall aktifitas 1x24 jam. Rata-rata berat badan anak 26,85 kg.  Rata-rata asupan energi sebesar 2019 kkal,  karbohidrat 229 g, protein 61 g, lemak 78 g dan kolesterol 457 mg. Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi diperoleh dari konsumsi telur 3 butir sehari dan konsumsi susu full cream minimal 3 kali sehari. Total Energy Expenditure sebesar 1214 kkal/hari atau kelebihan 805 kalori/hari. Aktifitas fisik yang dilakukan oleh semua subyek penelitian berada dalam kategori ringan. Rata-rata asupan energi, protein, lemak dan kolesterol makanan melebihi 100% AKG. Tingginya asupan zat gizi menyebabkan kelebihan energi. Dalam jangka waktu yang lama hal ini akan menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan berat bedan yang akhirnya bisa menyebabkan anak menjadi obesitas. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1): 44-53] Kata Kunci : gizi lebih, konsumsi zat gizi, total energy expenditure
DETERMINAN PEMBERIAN MAKANAN PRELAKTAL PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR DI KELURAHAN KEBON KELAPA DAN CIWARINGIN, KOTA BOGOR (DETERMINANTS OF PRELACTEAL FEEDING AMONG NEWBORN BABIES IN KEBON KELAPA AND CIWARINGIN VILLAGES, BOGOR) Bunga Ch Rosha; Nur Handayani Utami
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v36i1.3395.54-61

Abstract

ABSTRACT Breast milk is the appropriate for babies for the first six months after birth. Although it has been known that exclusive breastfeeding has many benefits and encouraged by the government, but the proportion of exclusive breasfeeding is still low, including Bogor. One of the the reason for the failure in exclusive breastfeeding is the prelacteal feeding practice among newborn babies. This analysis was conducted to provide information on the determinants of prelacteal feeding practice in Kebon Kelapa and Ciwaringin Village in Bogor, in 2012. The data for this analysis was came from the child growth and development cohort study conducted in Kebon Kelapa and Ciwaringin, Bogor in 2012. Participants of the study were 91 mothers with her newborn babies. The data were analysed with descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis with chi square, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. The results showed that mode of delivery, rooming-in care and time of breastfeeding after delivery were significantly associated with prelacteal feeding practice (p<0,05). The major determinant factor of prelacteal feeding practice was non rooming-in care (OR: 5.86; 95% CI: 1.17, 29.35) after controlling the time of breastfeeding after delivery. Postpartum mothers that not cared in the same room with the baby had risk 5.86 times for give the baby prelacteal food compared with postpartum mothers that cared in the same room with their baby. Mothers who breastfeed their baby more than 1 hour after delivery had risk of 4.87 times for give the baby prelacteal food compared with mothers who breastfeed less than 1 hour after delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the implementation of Baby Friendly Hospitals program in maternal and child health services, especially the implementation of rooming-in care for mother and child, so that the mother can breastfeed immediately after birth so that the baby does not need to be given food or prelacteal liquids. The government should provide strict sanctions for hospitals that have not held a rooming-in care for mother and child.   Keywords: breastfeeding, prelacteal feeding, early breastfeeding, rooming-in   ABSTRAK Air susu ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan yang paling baik diberikan kepada anak pada awal kehidupannya sampai berumur 6 bulan, tetapi prevalensi pemberian ASI eksklusif di Indonesia masih rendah, termasuk di Kota Bogor. Salah satu penyebab kegagalan praktik ASI eksklusif adalah pemberian makanan prelaktal pada anak. Analisis ini dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai determinan pemberian makanan prelaktal pada bayi di Kelurahan Kebon Kelapa dan Kelurahan Ciwaringin, Kota Bogor. Analisis ini menggunakan data penelitian Kohor Tumbuh Kembang Anak di Kelurahan Kebon Kelapa dan Ciwaringin, Kota Bogor, tahun 2012. Responden dalam analisis ini adalah 91 ibu yang memiliki bayi baru melahirkan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, bivariat dengan uji chi-square, dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa cara persalinan, ruang rawat ibu-anak tidak gabung, dan waktu menyusui pasca-persalinan berhubungan bermakna dengan pemberian makanan prelaktal (p<0,05). Determinan utama  pemberian makanan  prelaktal  adalah ruang rawat ibu-anak tidak gabung (OR: 5,86; 95% CI; 1,17, 29,35) setelah dikontrol faktor waktu awal menyusui (OR: 4,87; 95% CI: 1,89, 12,57). Ibu yang pasca-persalinan tidak dirawat gabung dengan anak berisiko 5,86 kali untuk anaknya diberikan makanan prelaktal dibandingkan dengan ibu yang pasca-persalinan dirawat gabung bersama anak. Ibu yang waktu menyusui pertama lebih dari 1 jam pasca-persalinan berisiko 4,87 kali untuk anaknya diberikan makanan prelaktal dibandingkan dengan ibu yang waktu menyusui pertama kurang dari 1 jam pasca-persalinan. Oleh karena itu perlu meningkatkan pelaksanaan program Rumah Sakit Sayang Bayi pada tempat pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak, terutama pada pelaksanaan ruang rawat gabung ibu-anak sehingga ibu dapat menyusui bayinya sesegera mungkin setelah persalinan sehingga bayi tidak perlu diberikan makanan atau cairan prelaktal. Pemerintah hendaknya memberikan sanksi yang tegas kepada rumah sakit yang belum menyelenggarakan ruang rawat gabung ibu-anak. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1):54-61] Kata kunci: ASI, makanan prelaktal, inisiasi menyusu dini, ruang rawat gabung ibu-anak
KAITAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI, PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF, DAN PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH (RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL STATUS, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN) Rindu Dwi Malateki Solihin; Faisal Anwar; Dadang Sukandar
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v36i1.3396.62-72

Abstract

ABSTRACT Growth failure (stunting) in children under five causes a variety of development disorders, including cognitive and motor development. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between nutritional status, cognitive development, and motor development in preschool children. This survey was conducted on 73 children aged 3-5 years in Bogor regency, West Java. This study showed that 30.2 percent children had low height for age. 98.6 percent children had normal birth weight and 76.7 percent children had normal birth length. Children’s level of cognitive (54.8%) and fine motor development (68.5%) were low, while gross motor development level were moderate (41.1%). Factors that significantly associated with children’s nutritional status were mother’s height, children’s energy and protein sufficiency level, and birth length of children. Factors that significantly associated with children’s fine and gross motor development were children’s nutritional status, early education, and age of children. Factors that significantly associated with children’s cognitive development were children’s nutritional status, age of children, early education, and children care practices of mother. Children’s nutrient sufficiency level, especially energy and protein, has significant association to their nutritional status and development Keywords: nutritional status, cognitive development, motor development, preschool children   ABSTRAK Kegagalan pertumbuhan (stunting) pada anak usia di bawah lima tahun (balita) dapat menyebabkan berbagai gangguan perkembangan, termasuk perkembangan kognitif dan motorik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kaitan antara status gizi, perkembangan kognitif dan motorik pada anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian berdesain survei ini dilakukan pada 73 anak usia 3-5 tahun di Desa Cibanteng, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 30,2 persen anak balita berstatus gizi tergolong pendek, 98,6 persen anak memiliki berat badan lahir normal, dan 76,7 persen anak mempunyai panjang lahir normal. Tingkat perkembangan kognitif (54,8%) dan motorik halus (68,5%) anak tergolong rendah, sementara tingkat perkembangan motorik kasar anak tergolong sedang (41,1%). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan signifikan dengan status gizi balita adalah tinggi badan ibu, tingkat kecukupan energi dan protein balita dan panjang badan lahir balita. Faktor-faktor yang berkaitan signifikan dengan tingkat perkembangan motorik kasar dan motorik halus balita adalah status gizi balita, lama mengikuti PAUD dan usia balita. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan signifikan dengan tingkat perkembangan kognitif balita adalah status gizi balita, usia balita, lama mengikuti PAUD dan praktik pengasuhan balita oleh ibu. Tingkat kecukupan gizi balita, terutama energi dan protein, berhubungan dengan status gizi dan perkembangan mereka. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1):62-72] Kata kunci: status gizi, perkembangan kognitif, perkembangan motorik, anak prasekolah
EFEK PEMBERIAN GULA KELAPA YANG DIPERKAYA MINYAK SAWIT MERAH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN BERAT BADAN DAN KADAR RETINOL SERUM TIKUS DEFISIEN VITAMIN A (EFFECT OF THE FEEDING OF BROWN SUGAR ENRICHED WITH RED PALM OIL ON BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND SERUM RETINOL LEVELS Hidayah Dwiyanti; Hadi Riyadi; Rimbawan Rimbawan; Evy Damayanthi; Ahmad Sulaeman; Ekowati Handharyani
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v36i1.3397.73-81

Abstract

ABSTRACT Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is an important cause of blindness and premature death. Vitamin A also plays an important role on growth and immune function.  Red palm oil is the richest naturally occurring source of β-carotene, a carotenoid that the human body can convert into usable vitamin A (retinol). This research was to evaluate the effect of feeding red palm oil enriched brown sugar on improving body weight and serum retinol level of vitamin A depletion Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty four of six weeks old-male Sprague Dawley rats were used. After 2 weeks of adaptation period, rats were given vitamin A deficient diet (modified  AIN-93M) for 10 weeks, and then divided into 3 groups and received for 2 weeks the different treatment as repletion period: 1) RPO group which received red palm oil enriched brown sugar (1.5 mL/d), 2) CPO group which received crude palm oil enriched brown sugar (1.5 mL/d) and 3) and RE group which received retinyl palmitate (0.6 mL/d) . Each treatment contains approximately 40 µg beta carotene/day. Intervention by feeding brown sugar enriched with RPO and CPO for 2 weeks can increase the body weight of rats by 3.54 percent and 5.23 percent, respectively, which is markedly better than the group that was given retynil palmitat (9.38%) (p<0.05). However, an increase in serum retinol concentrations in all group showed no significant differences (p>0.05). Consumption of brown sugar enriched with RPO or CPO enhances body weight and serum retinol concentration of vitamin A deficient rats. Keywords: brown sugar, red palm oil, serum retinol, vitamin A deficiency, rats  ABSTRAK Kurang vitamin A (KVA) merupakan penyebab utama kebutaan dan kematian dini.  Vitamin A juga berperan pada perkembangan dan fungsi imun.  Minyak sawit merah merupakan sumber β-karoten, dimana tubuh dapat merubahnya menjadi retinol.  Tujuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi efek pemberian gula kelapa yang diperkaya minyak sawit merah terhadap peningkatan berat badan dan kadar serum retinol tikus Sprague-Dawley defisien vitamin A.  Digunakan 24 ekor tikus jantan usia 6 minggu.  Setelah 2 minggu masa adaptasi, tikus diberi diet bebas vitamin A selama 10 minggu, selanjutnya dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu 1) RPO, menerima larutan gula yang diperkaya dengan RPO (1,5 ml/hari), 2) CPO, menerima larutan gula yang diperkaya CPO (1,5 ml/hari)), dan 3) RE, yaitu kelompok yang mendapatkan retynil palmitat dalam minyak sebagai kelompok kontrol positif (0,6 ml/hari). Masing-masing perlakuan mengandung beta karoten setara 7 RE per hari.  Intervensi selama 2 minggu dengan memberikan gula kelapa yang diperkaya RPO maupun CPO mampu  meningkatkan berat badan tikus masing-masing 3,54 persen dan 5,23 persen yang secara nyata lebih baik  dibandingkan kelompok yang diberi retynil palmitat (-9,38%) (p<0,05). Disisi lain, peningkatan konsentrasi serum retinol pada semua kelompok tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (p>0,05).  Konsumsi gula kelapa yang diperkaya RPO maupun CPO meningkatkan berat badan dan memperbaiki konsentrasi serum retinol tikus defisien vitamin A. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1):73-81] Kata kunci: gula kelapa, sawit merah, retinol serum, defisiensi vitamin A, tikus
KANDUNGAN ASAM LEMAK DAN KARAKTERISTIK FISIKO-KIMIA MINYAK IKAN LELE DAN MINYAK IKAN LELE TERFERMENTASI (FATTY ACID CONTENTS AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CATFISH OIL AND FERMENTED CATFISH OIL) Iskari Ngadiarti; Clara M Kusharto; Dodik Briawan; Sri Anna Marliyati; Dondin Sayuthi
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v36i1.3398.82-90

Abstract

ABSTRACT Catfish oil and fermented catfish oil have not been developed and commercially produced as catfish derived products. Various processing of catfish oil will change both the composition and physico-chemical characteristics. The objective of this study was to identify the composition of fatty acids and physico-chemical characteristics of both catfish oil (MIL) and fermented catfish oil (MILT). Results showed that fatty acid composition of catfish oil was MUFA (36.12%)> PUFA> (32.43%)> SFA (31.45%), while the composition of fermented catfish oil was MUFA (42.96%)> SFA (42.32%)> PUFA (15.39%). The fermentation process with lactic acid bacteria increased the content of stearic acid but decreased the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Physical and chemical characteristics of MIL and MILT were almost similar, they indicated oxidation process, based on melting point, viscosity, and thiobarbituric acid values. Therefore, in the production of catfish oil or fermented cat fish oil, it is necessary to add spices and/or nutrient as antioxidants sources. Keywords: catfish oil, PUFA, MUFA, SFA and CLA  ABSTRAK Minyak ikan lele (MIL) dan minyak ikan lele terfermentasi (MILT) sebagai produk turunan dari ikan lele masih belum banyak dikembangkan dan diproduksi secara komersial. Berbagai proses pengolahan minyak dapat mengubah komposisi dan karakteristik fisiko-kimia minyak ikan lele. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi asam lemak dan karakteristik fisiko-kimia dari minyak ikan lele (MIL) dan minyak ikan lele terfermentasi (MILT). Komposisi asam lemak pada MIL secara berurutan adalah MUFA (36,12%) > PUFA (32,43%) > SFA (31,45%), sedangkan setelah difermentasi menjadi MILT terjadi perubahan yaitu MUFA (42,96%) > SFA (42,32%) > PUFA (15,39%). Jenis asam lemak jenuh yang mengalami peningkatan  pada MILT adalah asam lemak stearat, sedangkan asam lemak tidak jenuh ganda yang mengalami penurunan adalah asam linoleat dan linolenat yang menyebabkan kadar asam arakidonat dan CLA meningkat. Karakteristik fisiko-kimia MIL dan MILT hampir sama yaitu menunjukkan terjadinya proses oksidasi yang didasarkan pada nilai viskositas, titik cair, dan bilangan TBA. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengurangi proses oksidasi lemak, didalam pengolahan kedua minyak ini perlu ditambahkan bumbu atau zat gizi kaya antioksidan. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1):82-90] Kata kunci: minyak ikan lele,  PUFA, MUFA, SFA, CLA

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