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INDONESIA
Jurnal Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Published by Global Scients Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30897084     DOI : https://doi.org/10.62379/jkhpk
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Jurnal Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (E-ISSN : 3089-7084) diterbitkan oleh Global Scients ( Publisher, adalah sebuah jurnal akademik yang berfokus pada studi kewarganegaraan yaitu pendidikan kewarganegaraan (kurikulum, pengajaran, media pembelajaran, dan evaluasi), pendidikan politik, pendidikan hukum, pendidikan moral, dan pendidikan multikultural. Kami tertarik pada kajian yang melintasi garis disiplin dan berbicara kepada pembaca dari berbagai perspektif teoretis dan metodologis.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 254 Documents
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Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Warisan Budaya Bawah Air(Underwater Cultural Heritage) Di Jalur Rempah:Evaluasi Pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2014 Rayya Meishella Anjhani; Ibnu Cholid Ibrahim; Zakia Ramadina; Tio Prayoga
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : GLOBAL SCIENTS PUBLISHER

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Abstract

The Spice Route, as a historic maritime corridor, not only reflects the dynamics of past global trade but also preserves an extraordinary wealth of underwater cultural heritage (UCH), consisting of thousands of shipwrecks and artifacts that are hundreds of years old. In this context, Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Maritime Affairs was enacted as a legal instrument expected to provide comprehensive protection for UCH within Indonesian waters. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the provisions contained in the law in ensuring the protection of UCH, particularly along the Spice Route, still requires critical juridical evaluation. This research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the legal framework governing the protection of UCH under Law Number 32 of 2014, while also identifying its normative weaknesses and the obstacles encountered in its implementation. The study employs a normative legal research method with a historical legal approach, in order to trace the evolution of regulatory frameworks and assess their relevance to contemporary needs in safeguarding UCH. The findings indicate that Law Number 32 of 2014 provides a general legal framework that has not yet been complemented by specific implementing regulations dedicated to UCH. Several juridical shortcomings are identified, including the absence of an operational definition of UCH, overlapping institutional authorities, disproportionate sanctioning mechanisms, and Indonesia’s failure to ratify the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. Based on these findings, this research recommends the urgent formulation of more specific and comprehensive implementing regulations, as well as the necessity for the Indonesian government to take progressive measures toward ratifying the 2001 UNESCO Convention, in order to strengthen the legal regime for the protection of UCH at both the national and international levels.
Pencemaran Laut Oleh Limbah Plastik Di Selat Malaka: Tanggung Jawab Negara Pantai Dan Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Berdasarkan Marpol 73/78 Dan Unclos 1982 Vico Adela Joan Pratama; Kartika Dewi Lestari; Zahra Oktaviola; Muhammad Rafli Rafael Pratama
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : GLOBAL SCIENTS PUBLISHER

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The Strait of Malacca is one of the busiest international shipping lanes in the world, with more than 80,000 vessel transits annually. This condition makes the region vulnerable to transboundary marine pollution, particularly from plastic waste. Although Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore have ratified the MARPOL 73/78 Convention, whose Annex V generally prohibits the disposal of plastics at sea, practical enforcement remains challenging. This study aims to examine the legal obligations of the three coastal states under MARPOL 73/78 within the framework of UNCLOS 1982, assess the comparative effectiveness of implementation, and formulate policy recommendations. The study employs normative legal research using statute and comparative approaches. The findings indicate a significant gap between international legal commitments and practical enforcement. Among the three states, Singapore demonstrates relatively stronger enforcement capacity, while Malaysia occupies an intermediate position and Indonesia faces more complex implementation challenges. The study concludes that stronger regional coordination, harmonisation of domestic regulations, and the establishment of a joint monitoring mechanism are essential to improve marine environmental protection in the Strait of Malacca.
Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Upaya Perlindungan Bagi Pekerja Migran yang Menjadi Korban Perdagangan Orang (Studi Kasus Perkara Nomor 587/Pid.Sus/2023/Pn.Pdg) Reyza Darfebryanto; Sry Wahyuni
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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Indonesia's entry into the era of globalization has had a significant impact on various sectors of life, including the increased mobility of labor across countries. Behind this progress lies a serious issue in the form of human trafficking (TPPO), particularly through the illegal placement of migrant workers. Human trafficking is a violation of human rights involving the systematic and organized exploitation of individuals. TPPO is often carried out through illegal placement of migrant workers, with recruitment methods involving persuasion and promises of high-paying jobs abroad, which ultimately lead to labor exploitation, violence, and violations of individual freedom. A concrete example that becomes the focus of this research is Case Number 587/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Pdg, in which the victim was recruited and sent to Malaysia non-procedurally by the perpetrator using the modus operandi of promising a high-paying job.The research addresses the following problems:(1) What forms of legal protection exist for migrant workers who become victims of human trafficking according to existing laws and regulations?(2) What legal efforts can be made to ensure the protection of the rights of victims in the case of the placement of Indonesian migrant workers, as illustrated in Case 587/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Pdg?The research method used is normative juridical and case study, with data collection techniques through literature review of laws and regulations, legal literature, and court decision documentation.The results of this study show that human trafficking of Indonesian migrant workers requires serious attention from the government and society. There is a need to strengthen the legal framework, increase public awareness, and provide better protection for victims to prevent future TPPO cases. It is necessary to improve regulations and more effective legal implementation, as well as international cooperation to enhance the protection of Indonesian migrant workers This research aims to examine the legal protection of TPPO victims in the context of migrant worker placement, and to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of Law Number 21 of 2007 and Law Number 18 of 2017.The conclusion of this research indicates that legal protection for Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI), particularly those who are victims of human trafficking (TPPO), has been regulated through various national and international regulations. However, despite the existence of strong regulations, the implementation of legal protection still faces numerous challenges in the field. Some of the main issues include weak coordination among related institutions, limited access for PMI to information and legal assistance, and the practice of illegal placement of PMI that makes them vulnerable to becoming TPPO victims.Illegal placement that does not follow procedures often opens the door to exploitation, particularly in the form of violence, slavery, or forced labor. Therefore, a more responsive and integrated legal approach among institutions is needed to ensure justice and recovery for TPPO victims.
Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Oleh Individu Atas Konten Tiktok Tentang Perpindahan Ke Suatu Daerah: Tinjauan Pasal 1365 Kuhperdata Zaqia Salsabillah; Muhammad Jibran Arief
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : GLOBAL SCIENTS PUBLISHER

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The development of social media, especially the TikTok platform, provides a space for the public to disseminate information quickly. However, content that is inaccurate or damages the image of a region can cause immaterial losses for the community and local government. This study aims to analyze unlawful acts regarding TikTok content that harms the image of a region based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code. The research method used is normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study indicate that content containing false information and causing loss can be qualified as an unlawful act if it meets the elements of Article 1365 of the Civil Code. Thus, the aggrieved party can claim compensation against the perpetrator of the content dissemination.
Perlindungan Nelayan Lokal Sebagai Strategi Preventif Terhadap Praktik Illegal Fishing Ilham Jayadi; Tara Claudya Framesty; Veronika Carolina Sitinjak; Adhitya Pratama
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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Illegal fishing constitutes a real threat to Indonesia's marine resource sovereignty and the livelihoods of millions of local fishermen. This study examines two main issues: (1) the forms of legal protection afforded to local fishermen in confronting illegal fishing; and (2) the factors underlying the persistence of illegal fishing in waters serving as traditional fishing grounds of local fishermen. The method employed is normative legal research using a statute approach and conceptual approach. Findings indicate that legal protection for local fishermen has been accommodated in Law Number 45 of 2009 on Fisheries, Law Number 7 of 2016 on the Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, and UNCLOS 1982, yet implementation continues to face structural obstacles. The persistence of illegal fishing is driven by limited surveillance capacity, institutional fragmentation, regulatory gaps, disproportionate economic incentives, and organized transnational fisheries crime networks. This research recommends strengthening the synergy between law enforcement, community-based empowerment, modernization of technology-based monitoring, and intensified international cooperation.
Tanggung Jawab Negara Terhadap Pencemaran Laut Akibat Tumpahan Minyak Di Karawang Berdasarkan Hukum Nasional Dan Internasional Via Enjelina; Vina Aulia Dwi Putri; Viony Nabilla Cahaya Radika; Muhammad Hasan
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : GLOBAL SCIENTS PUBLISHER

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The state’s responsibility for marine pollution caused by oil spills in Karawang based on national and international legal provisions includes efforts of prevention, reduction, control, and handling of pollution. This incident occurred twice, namely in 2019 which was caused by a leak in the YYA-1 well and again in 2021 due to a leak in an underwater pipeline. This research uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The results of the study show that the implementation of state responsibility for marine pollution caused by oil spills in Karawang is still not optimal. Therefore, strict law enforcement is needed to protect the marine environment and ensure the community’s right to a good and healthy environment.
Peran Dan Keterbatasan Bukti Digital Dalam Proses Peradilan Di International Criminal Court Amanda Putri; Sania Ulfatun Nikmah; Naura Putri Ramadhania; Asep Suherman
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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The development of information and communication technology has brought significant changes to the evidentiary system in international criminal law, particularly in the judicial process at the International Criminal Court. This study aims to analyze the role and limitations of digital evidence in supporting the process of proving international crimes, while also examining its implications for the principle of fair trial. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, through a literature review of various relevant primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The results show that digital evidence, such as video recordings, photographs, satellite imagery, and data from social media and open source intelligence (OSINT), plays a strategic role in uncovering facts, reconstructing events, and identifying perpetrators of international crimes, especially in conflict situations that are difficult to access directly. However, its use still faces various limitations, including those related to the validity, authenticity, and reliability of the evidence, and the lack of uniform international standards for its management. Furthermore, the complexity of digital evidence also poses challenges to the fulfillment of the principle of fair trial, particularly regarding the defendant's right to examine the evidence. Therefore, strengthening the legal framework, international standardization, and increasing technical capacity are necessary to ensure that the use of digital evidence supports the achievement of effective and integrated justice in the international criminal justice system.
Viktimologi Dalam Kasus Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online Di Indonesia Amanda Putri; Sania Ulfatun Nikmah; Naura Putri Ramadhania; Ria Anggraeni Utami
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : GLOBAL SCIENTS PUBLISHER

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The development of digital technology has given rise to new forms of crime, one of which is online gender-based violence (OGBV), which is increasingly prevalent in Indonesia. This phenomenon demonstrates high vulnerability, particularly for women, as victims in the digital space. This study aims to analyze OGBV from a victimological perspective by highlighting the forms and characteristics of the crime, the vulnerability factors of victims, and available legal protections. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, utilizing secondary data obtained through literature review. The results indicate that OGBV has specific characteristics, such as anonymity, easy spread, and long-term impacts due to digital traces that are difficult to erase. From a victimological perspective, victims experience not only material losses but also serious psychological and social impacts, exacerbated by the phenomena of victim blaming and revictimization. Although Indonesia has regulations in place, the implementation of legal protection for victims of OGBV remains suboptimal. Therefore, a more comprehensive and victim-oriented approach is needed to achieve effective legal protection and justice for victims in the digital era.
Konflik Yurisdiksi Antara Pengadilan Kriminal Internasional Dan Pengadilan Hibrid: Analisis Kesenjangan Normatif Muhammad Fajar Lutfi Raihan; Amos Saito Hamonangan Simorangkir; Rivaldi Julianto Ardiansyah
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : GLOBAL SCIENTS PUBLISHER

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The existence of two international criminal justice regimes: the permanent International Criminal Court (ICC) and the ad hoc hybrid courts, has given rise to complex and unresolved jurisdictional issues in the contemporary international legal order. This article critically examines the jurisdictional conflict arising between these two mechanisms, with an emphasis on identifying and analyzing the normative gaps underlying the problem. This research employs a juridical-normative approach based on literature review, analyzing primary international legal instruments such as the 1998 Rome Statute, treaties establishing various hybrid courts, and relevant judicial decisions. The research findings indicate that the most significant normative gaps lie in: (1) the absence of a clear jurisdictional hierarchy in international law; (2) inconsistent application of the complementarity principle; (3) differences in procedural and substantive legal standards between institutions; and (4) the inadequacy of existing inter-institutional coordination mechanisms. This article argues that resolving such conflicts requires structural normative reform, not merely partial technical adjustments. Drawing on the experiences of the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, this study recommends the establishment of a legally binding jurisdictional coordination protocol between the ICC and future hybrid courts.
Ketiadaan Pengakuan Ecocide Sebagai Core International Crime Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Individu Nola Listi Fitriani; Tiara Intan Camesi; Asep Suherman
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : GLOBAL SCIENTS PUBLISHER

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This study aims to analyze the absence of recognition of ecocide as a core international crime and its implications for individual criminal responsibility under international criminal law. The research employs a normative legal method with statute, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Legal materials are collected through library research and analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. The results indicate that substantively, ecocide possesses characteristics similar to core international crimes, particularly in terms of its gravity, widespread or systematic impact, and its threat to global interests. However, ecocide has not yet been formally recognized under the Rome Statute 1998 due to the absence of a universally accepted definition and the presence of political and economic challenges. This lack of recognition creates a legal gap, limiting the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in prosecuting perpetrators, thereby potentially leading to impunity. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more adaptive international criminal law framework by recognizing ecocide as an international crime in order to strengthen individual criminal responsibility and enhance global environmental protection.

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