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INDONESIA
Jurnal Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Published by Global Scients Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30897084     DOI : https://doi.org/10.62379/jkhpk
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Jurnal Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (E-ISSN : 3089-7084) diterbitkan oleh Global Scients ( Publisher, adalah sebuah jurnal akademik yang berfokus pada studi kewarganegaraan yaitu pendidikan kewarganegaraan (kurikulum, pengajaran, media pembelajaran, dan evaluasi), pendidikan politik, pendidikan hukum, pendidikan moral, dan pendidikan multikultural. Kami tertarik pada kajian yang melintasi garis disiplin dan berbicara kepada pembaca dari berbagai perspektif teoretis dan metodologis.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 229 Documents
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Analisis Yuridis Normatif Peran Residivis Dalam Pembentukan Jaringan Kejahatan Baru Di Lembaga Pemasyarakata: Perspektif Penologi Dan Sistem Pemasyarakatan Indonesia Sitanggang, Remonic Elisabeth; Dari, Pitria Wulan; Suherman, Asep
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : GLOBAL SCIENTS PUBLISHER

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Prisons, as institutions tasked with the rehabilitation of prisoners, should serve as places to rehabilitate and assist prisoners in reintegrating into society. However, in practice, interactions between prisoners within prisons can give rise to negative dynamics, one of which involves repeat offenders helping to form new criminal networks for first-time offenders.  This phenomenon highlights a contradiction within Indonesia’s correctional system, where an institution intended to help reform behaviour can instead become a place where criminal activities are learned. This study aims to analyse the role of repeat offenders in the formation of new criminal networks within prisons and to examine its impact on Indonesia’s correctional system from a technological perspective.  This study employs a normative legal methodology using both a legislative and a conceptual approach. The research indicates that the relationship between repeat offenders and new inmates within prisons creates a hierarchical structure that facilitates the dissemination of criminal knowledge, draws members into networks, and reinforces their identity as criminals. This situation is exacerbated by an inadequate prisoner classification system and overcrowding in prisons exceeding their capacity.  This study recommends improving the system of grouping and segregating prisoners based on recidivism rates as a crucial step towards breaking the cycle of criminal behaviour within correctional institutions.
Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Kewajiban Kapal Asing Dalam Melaksanakan Hak Lintas Damai Di Laut Teritorial Indonesia Hartanti, Adelia; Az-zahra, Aliya; Trisya, Dinda
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : GLOBAL SCIENTS PUBLISHER

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This study examines the obligations of foreign vessels in exercising the right of innocent passage in Indonesian territorial waters, emphasizing the relationship between international and national law. Issues raised include the limitations of foreign vessels' obligations and how Indonesia enforces these regulations without neglecting the principle of freedom of navigation. This study uses a combined approach: normative juridical through a review of UNCLOS 1982 and various national regulations, and an empirical approach through an analysis of law enforcement practices in the field. The study results indicate that foreign vessels are required to sail continuously, refrain from activities that could disrupt security and order, and comply with provisions regarding shipping lanes, environmental protection, and international safety standards. Furthermore, vessels must avoid illegal activities such as unauthorized fishing, research without approval, and actions that have the potential to pollute the sea. In terms of law enforcement, Indonesia involves various institutions such as the Indonesian Navy and Bakamla (Law and Security Agency) to conduct supervision and enforcement, despite jurisdictional limitations stipulated by international law. The findings of this study indicate that although the regulatory framework is quite comprehensive, there are still obstacles in implementation and coordination between institutions. Therefore, strengthening the oversight system and harmonizing regulations is necessary to ensure that the implementation of foreign vessels' obligations is more effective and consistent.
Status Hukum Pulau-Pulau Buatan Di Laut Lepas Berdasarkan Unclos 1982 Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Penentuan Garis Pangkal Dian Pradana, Wahyu Ageng Rizki; Ginting, Wendi Ananda; Arami, Haikal Ithar; Meky, Aldino Betrach
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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Advances in marine reclamation technology have prompted several states to construct artificial islands in high seas areas, particularly in regions subject to jurisdictional disputes. This phenomenon raises fundamental questions in international law, specifically regarding the legal status of such artificial islands and their consequences for baseline determination under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. This article examines two main issues: first, how UNCLOS 1982 regulates the legal status of artificial islands on the high seas; and second, how the presence of artificial islands affects the determination of baselines and a state's maritime boundaries. Through a normative juridical approach with a case study of the South China Sea dispute, this research finds that UNCLOS 1982 explicitly distinguishes between natural islands and artificial islands, whereby artificial islands have no territorial sea of their own and cannot be used as basepoints for baseline determination. The 2016 Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) award in the Philippines v. China case reinforces this legal position by affirming that reclamation activities do not alter the original character of a maritime feature.
Analisis Kekebalan Hukum Terhadap Pejabat Negara Dalam Misi Khusus Pada Kasus Ehud Barak Menurut Konvensi New York 1969 Nofran, Muhammad Yogi; Suhendra, Azifah Syaqila Ravadina; Rozanda, M. Azzah
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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The legal immunity of state officials in special missions remains an unresolved issue in international diplomatic law. The Convention on Special Missions (New York, 1969) provides a normative basis for such immunity, yet its application in practice remains contentious, particularly when confronted with demands for legal accountability for alleged serious violations. This study examines the normative framework of the 1969 New York Convention and analyzes its application to the case of Ehud Barak, former Prime Minister and former Minister of Defense of Israel, who faced legal claims in the context of his official visit to a third state. Employing normative legal research methods through statutory, case, and comparative approaches, this study finds: first, special mission immunity possesses characteristics that are fundamentally distinct from permanent diplomatic immunity and is operative only upon the cumulative fulfillment of conditions established by the Convention; second, the application of immunity in Barak's case depends on verification of three normative conditions, namely the existence of an official mandate from the sending state, the consent of the receiving state, and the official status at the time of the visit. This study concludes that the ambiguity of the 1969 New York Convention regarding verification procedures for special missions contributes to legal uncertainty in international practice and underscores the need for reform of that instrument.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Permberian Permen Sebagai Alternatif Uang Kembalian Haberlin, Syukran; Citra, Helfira
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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Abstract

The practice of giving candy as a substitute for monetary change by business actors is an act that contradicts the principles of consumer protection as stipulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK). This practice violates consumer rights as outlined in Article 4 of the UUPK, particularly the rights to comfort, safety, accurate information, fair and non-discriminatory treatment and Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency. This research aims to examine the legal protection available to consumers subjected to this practice and to describe the legal responsibilities of business actors under the prevailing laws and regulations. The study uses a normative legal method with a statutory approach. The findings show that legal protection for consumers in such cases can be pursued through two approaches: preventive (education  and  regulation)  and  repressive  (complaints  to  the  Consumer  Dispute  Settlement Agency [BPSK], Indonesian Consumers Foundation [YLKI], or through civil/criminal lawsuits). The responsibility of business actors extends beyond business ethics and includes civil, administrative, and even criminal liability. If the act causes actual harm to the consumer, the business actor is obligated to provide compensation as stipulated in Article 19 of the UUPK and may be subject to criminal sanctions under Article 62 of the UUPK. Furthermore, the act may fulfill the elements of fraud as defined in Article 378 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP). Therefore, collaboration among the government, business actors, and society is essential to create a consumer protection system that is fair, transparent, and upholds legal justice.
Perompakan Di Selat Internasional (Environmental Issue): Tanggungjawab Negara Dalam Mengatasi Masalah Keamanan Di Lingkungan Perairan Selat Malaka Aldiansyah, Muhammad; Dwi Putra, Wahyu Abi; Al Baihaqi, Yasser; Darmawan, Muhammad Raihan; Septaria, Ema; Furqon, Arimbi Fajari
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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This study explores the dynamics in the international maritime law system related to the handling of security cases in the Malacca Strait. Guides the reader through a journey from a general view to a focus on the core issues and opportunities in the international maritime law system related to the handling of security cases in the Malacca Strait. The pyramid begins with a broad context of what the problems are in the Malacca Strait, highlighting the importance of an effective response from the maritime law system of each country around the strait. This understanding opens a window into the complexity of the challenges faced by the authorities. The pyramid then tapers to how the role of countries around the strait to maintain the security of the Malacca Strait. An in-depth analysis of existing laws highlights the imprecise definition, a major limitation in dealing with the increasingly complex problems of the Malacca Strait. This study serves as a guide to understanding, identifying, and responding to issues and opportunities in the international maritime law system related to the security of the Malacca Strait. By detailing the obstacles and providing concrete solutions, this study is expected to be the basis for more adaptive and effective legal reform in an era that continues to evolve.
Perbandingan Kebijakan Hukuman Mati Di Indonesia Dan Belanda: Perspektif Pemidanaan Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Ramadhan, Randi Putra
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : GLOBAL SCIENTS PUBLISHER

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Capital punishment remains one of the most controversial issues in criminal law systems across nations. Indonesia, which retains the death penalty, and the Netherlands, which abolished it in 1870, represent a highly relevant comparative study, especially since Indonesian law was largely inherited from the Dutch colonial legal system. This study comparatively analyzes capital punishment policies in both countries from the perspectives of penology and human rights protection using normative legal research and a comparative law approach. The findings reveal fundamental differences in the penological philosophies of both nations: Indonesia adheres to a retributive theory that justifies capital punishment, while the Netherlands has fully transitioned to rehabilitation and resocialization theories. Regarding human rights, the Netherlands is bound by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which strictly prohibits capital punishment, whereas Indonesia upholds national legal sovereignty. The study recommends that Indonesia consider a moratorium on the death penalty as an initial step toward a more humane criminal justice reform.
Kebijakan Internasional Dan Regulasi Penanganan Sampah Antariksa (Space Debris) Sari, Ana Ilmadan; Ananta, Heni; Azzahrah, Oksya Wina; Bangkito, Rego
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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Space has developed into a global strategic infrastructure supporting various aspects of modern life, such as communications, navigation, Earth observation, and disaster mitigation. The increasing frequency of satellite launches, particularly with the involvement of commercial actors, has triggered a significant increase in space debris, threatening the safety of satellite operations and the sustainable use of space. This study aims to analyze current international policies and international space law regulations addressing the issue of space debris and assess their effectiveness in ensuring the sustainability of space. The research method used is normative legal research, using a legislative and conceptual approach to the international space legal regime. The results indicate that international legal regulations regarding space debris are still partial and have not been comprehensively regulated in a single, binding international legal instrument. The existing legal regime relies on general principles of space law and is supported by soft law instruments that lack legal binding force. Consequently, the effectiveness of international regulations in preventing the increase in space debris and ensuring the sustainable use of space remains limited.
Perlindungan konsuler warga negara ganda dalam konflik bersenjata fitra yamazaki, Muhammad Adrian; kurniawan, Aldo; Gudangga, Qyan Hari Simartla; Jovinka, Fadel
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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Consular protection for dual nationals during armed conflict remains an inadequately addressed gap in international law. This study attempts to examine how the international legal framework regulates consular protection for dual nationals during armed conflict, while also mapping the various obstacles that arise in its implementation in the field. To address this issue, this study uses a normative legal research method by combining legislative, conceptual, and case studies, sourced from a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study found that the legal basis for consular protection is essentially based on the 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations and the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, but neither instrument specifically addresses the issue of dual nationality. Consequently, the determination of which country is entitled to provide protection is left to the principle of effective nationality, which in practice is often applied inconsistently. This complexity is further compounded during armed conflict, as access for consular officials is limited, diplomatic relations can be disrupted, and administrative procedures become cumbersome. The 1949 Geneva Conventions do provide minimum protection through international humanitarian law, but they cannot completely replace consular protection. The case of Aiden Aslin in 2022 illustrates how the ambiguity of dual citizenship can lead to the loss of effective access to consular protection in conflict zones.
Implementasi Prinsip Pacta Sunt Servanda dalam Perjanjian Internasional Menurut Konvensi Wina 1969 Gudangga, Qyan Hari Simartla; Zhafira, Thalitha Olga; Hati, Diana Permata
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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Abstract

International treaties are important legal instruments in regulating relations and cooperation among states, therefore their implementation must be based on clear and binding legal principles. One of the fundamental principles in the law of treaties is pacta sunt servanda, which affirms that every treaty in force is binding upon the parties and must be performed in good faith as stipulated in Article 26 of the 1969 Vienna Convention. This study uses a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, conducted through library research on the 1969 Vienna Convention, books, journals, and other relevant legal literature. The discussion focuses on the regulation of the pacta sunt servanda principle under the 1969 Vienna Convention and its implementation in the practice of international treaties. The study finds that pacta sunt servanda constitutes the main basis that gives binding force to international treaties and obliges states to perform treaty provisions in good faith, while also preventing states from invoking national law as a justification for failing to carry out treaty obligations as emphasized in Article 27 of the 1969 Vienna Convention.

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