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INDONESIA
Jurnal Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Published by Global Scients Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30897084     DOI : https://doi.org/10.62379/jkhpk
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Jurnal Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (E-ISSN : 3089-7084) diterbitkan oleh Global Scients ( Publisher, adalah sebuah jurnal akademik yang berfokus pada studi kewarganegaraan yaitu pendidikan kewarganegaraan (kurikulum, pengajaran, media pembelajaran, dan evaluasi), pendidikan politik, pendidikan hukum, pendidikan moral, dan pendidikan multikultural. Kami tertarik pada kajian yang melintasi garis disiplin dan berbicara kepada pembaca dari berbagai perspektif teoretis dan metodologis.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 229 Documents
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Tinjauan Hukum Internasional Terhadap Konflik Batas Maritim Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (Zee) Antara Indonesia Dan Vietnam = Review Of International Law On The Exclusive Economic Sari, Alia Fahlika; Kurniawan, Rendy Agung; Ervina, Nana
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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The maritime boundary dispute in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) between Indonesia and Vietnam is a complex issue under international law of the sea. Differing interpretations of the boundary line and competing economic interests, particularly regarding fishery resources, are the primary factors driving this conflict. This study aims to analyze the EEZ dispute between Indonesia and Vietnam through the lens of international law, specifically based on the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The method used is normative legal research employing a statutory approach and a literature review. The results of the study indicate that the resolution of maritime boundary disputes must prioritize the principles of justice, equality, and peaceful settlement as stipulated in UNCLOS 1982. Indonesia and Vietnam have essentially undertaken various diplomatic efforts, including bilateral negotiations, to reach an agreement on the delimitation of EEZ boundaries. From an international law perspective, these steps align with states’ obligations to avoid armed conflict and prioritize peaceful resolution. Therefore, sustained commitment from both countries is necessary to strengthen cooperation and ensure legal certainty in the disputed maritime area.
Perlindungan Dan Pemulihan Hak Korban Tindak Pidana: Studi Viktimologi Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia Audrian, Rachelya Putri; Vesca H, Lusya Najwa; Utami, Ria Anggraeni
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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This study analyzes the protection and restoration of the rights of victims of crime through a victimology perspective in the Indonesian criminal justice system, which is still centered on the perpetrator. Using a qualitative approach with a normative-empirical analysis of Law No. 13/2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims (PSK Law), KMA Regulation No. 4/2013, and restorative justice practices, this study reveals systemic weaknesses such as minimal financial compensation, slow psychosocial rehabilitation, and low victim participation in the judicial process. The study also shows that only a small proportion of victims receive adequate restorative rights, with significant disparities between types of crimes of sexual violence, corruption, and narcotics. Women and child victims are the most vulnerable groups due to secondary victimization from the formal legal process. The study recommends reforms through: (1) strengthening the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) with direct executive authority, (2) integrating mandatory victim impact statements into judges' deliberations, (3) developing a digital-based one-stop center for integrated recovery, and (4) harmonizing restorative justice with a victimology approach based on victims' rights. This reform is expected to realize substantive justice that sides with victims as legal subjects, not merely passive witnesses in the Indonesian criminal justice system.
Perlindungan Lingkungan Laut Pesisir Bengkulu Dalam Perspektif Hukum Nisa, Ahmara; Mufidah, Assyifa Nadaul; Zaetama, Muhammad Kurnia
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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This study analyzes the protection of the coastal marine environment of Bengkulu from an Indonesian legal perspective, focusing on the challenges of ecosystem degradation caused by human activities such as overfishing, industrial pollution, and coastal erosion. A normative-juridical approach is used to examine the national legal framework, including Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands, and Bengkulu regional regulations such as Regional Regulation Number 6 of 2011 concerning Zoning Plans for Coastal Areas and Small Islands. The study also found that legal implementation remains weak due to a lack of inter-agency coordination, weak law enforcement, and minimal participation of indigenous communities in sustainable management. A modern environmental law perspective emphasizes a restorative justice approach and integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) to harmonize economic development and conservation. Recommendations include strengthening ecological criminal sanctions, empowering coastal communities through environmental law education, and integrating Bengkulu customary law into zoning policies. Thus, protecting Bengkulu's coastal marine areas requires holistic legal reform to achieve sustainable environmental justice.
Analisis Kebijakan Pidana Penjara Dalam Perspektif Penologi Terhadap Fenomena Overcrowding Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Di Indonesia ., Betrilia; Salsabila, Zalkia; Azzahwa, Nakayla
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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Imprisonment remains the primary instrument in Indonesia’s penal system; however, its dominance has led to the problem of prison overcrowding, which hinders the effective rehabilitation of inmates. This situation highlights a discrepancy between the objectives of punishment from a penological perspective which emphasizes rehabilitation and resocialization and the reality of implementation on the ground. This study aims to analyze prison policies within Indonesia’s criminal justice system and examine their contribution to the phenomenon of prison overcrowding. This study employs a normative legal method using a legislative and conceptual approach, referencing Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code, Law No. 22 of 2022 on Corrections, and Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights. The results of the study indicate that although alternative punishments have been established, imprisonment remains dominant, thereby contributing to overcrowding and hindering the achievement of the objectives of punishment. Therefore, the application of alternative punishments must be optimized to reduce reliance on imprisonment.
Perjanjian Internasional Sebagai Sumber Hukum Internasional Dalam Praktik Hubungan Antar Negara Mutiara Deja Saputri; Nabila Zahra Okta Dwiwani; Ema Septaria; M. Ilham Adepio
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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This study aims to analyze the legal arrangements of diplomatic immunity and examine the form of abuse of such immunity by diplomatic officials in the practice of international relations. In addition, this study also discusses the legal implications arising from the abuse of diplomatic immunity and efforts to counter it. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach, supported by literature studies through various primary and secondary legal sources. The results of the study show that diplomatic immunity as stipulated in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 is a functional legal instrument to ensure the smooth implementation of diplomatic duties, not as an absolute right for diplomatic officials. However, in practice, there are still frequent abuses of diplomatic immunity in various forms, ranging from administrative violations, civil violations in commercial activities, to serious criminal acts. These abuses show that there is a gap between legal norms and their implementation in the field. The legal implications of the abuse of diplomatic immunity include the inhibition of law enforcement in the recipient country, the emergence of potential impunity, and the disruption of diplomatic relations between countries. Therefore, countermeasures are needed through the optimization of diplomatic legal mechanisms, such as the implementation of persona non grata and waiver of diplomatic immunity, as well as strengthening supervision by sending countries and increasing international cooperation. Thus, it is hoped that a balance will be created between the protection of diplomatic functions and law enforcement in international relations.
Kelemahan Konvensi Jenewa 1949 Dalam Menghadapi Dinamika Konflik Bersenjata Modern Muhammad Adrian fitra yamazaki; Aldo Kurniawan; Febrio Diosi Pratama
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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This study analyzes the weaknesses of the 1949 Geneva Conventions in addressing the dynamics of modern armed conflicts and examines their relevance and effectiveness in providing legal protection for victims of armed conflicts. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that the 1949 Geneva Conventions contain several limitations, particularly regarding the state-centric nature of legal subjects, the inability to fully accommodate modern military technological developments, and the limited enforcement mechanisms that lack coercive power. Nevertheless, the 1949 Geneva Conventions remain highly relevant within the international humanitarian law system, as reflected in the applicability of fundamental principles, the strengthening effect of the 1977 Additional Protocols, and their recognition in international practice as the primary instrument for the protection of victims of armed conflicts. However, the effectiveness of their implementation still reveals a gap between law in the books and law in action, influenced by the changing nature of armed conflicts and the limitations of international enforcement mechanisms.
Peran Penologi Dalam Pembinaan Narapidana Anak Di Sistem Pemasyarakatan Nabila Inkha putri; Alip Asya Hidayat; Vallent Margaretha; Sindi Hadrian
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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Sistem pemasyarakatan di Indonesia pada dasarnya diarahkan untuk membina narapidana agar dapat kembali ke masyarakat sebagai individu yang lebih baik. Pendekatan ini sejalan dengan konsep penologi modern yang menempatkan pidana bukan sekadar sebagai hukuman, tetapi sebagai sarana perbaikan perilaku, terutama bagi anak yang masih berada dalam tahap perkembangan. Namun, kondisi di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa pembinaan narapidana anak belum sepenuhnya berjalan sesuai dengan prinsip tersebut. Masih terdapat berbagai persoalan, seperti keterbatasan sarana pembinaan, kurangnya tenaga profesional, serta belum optimalnya program pendidikan dan keterampilan bagi anak binaan.[1] Selain itu, dalam praktiknya masih ditemukan narapidana anak yang ditempatkan bersama dengan narapidana dewasa, yang berpotensi menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti kekerasan dan tekanan psikologis. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan terhadap hak anak dalam sistem pemasyarakatan belum terpenuhi secara maksimal. Di sisi lain, pelaksanaan pembinaan yang ada saat ini cenderung bersifat umum dan administratif, belum sepenuhnya mengarah pada pendekatan individual yang memperhatikan kebutuhan psikologis dan sosial anak.[2] Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran penologi dalam konsep dan pelaksanaan pembinaan narapidana anak dalam sistem pemasyarakatan di Indonesia, serta mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi dalam penerapan prinsip penologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif yang didukung dengan data empiris dari berbagai hasil penelitian terdahulu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa secara konseptual, penologi telah memberikan dasar yang kuat bagi sistem pembinaan narapidana anak melalui pendekatan rehabilitatif dan resosialisasi. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat berbagai kendala, seperti keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, fasilitas yang belum memadai, serta kurangnya koordinasi antar lembaga terkait. Kendala tersebut berdampak pada belum tercapainya tujuan pemidanaan anak secara optimal, yaitu untuk memperbaiki perilaku anak dan mencegah terjadinya pengulangan tindak pidana. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa diperlukan upaya perbaikan dalam penerapan prinsip penologi dalam sistem pemasyarakatan, khususnya melalui penguatan program pembinaan yang lebih terarah, peningkatan kualitas petugas, serta pemenuhan hak-hak anak secara menyeluruh agar tujuan pemidanaan anak dapat tercapai secara efektif.
Perjanjian Internasional Sebagai Sumber Hukum Internasional Dalam Praktik Hubungan Antar Negara Seniwati, Pentana; Saputri, Mutiara Deja; Dwiwani, Nabila Zahra Okta; Septaria, Ema; Adepio, M. Ilham
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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International agreements are one of the sources of international law that have an important role in regulating relations between countries in the international community. International treaties not only serve as a binding legal basis for the countries to which they are parties, but also serve as an instrument to create legal certainty, stability, and international cooperation. This study aims to analyze the position of international agreements as a source of international law, the process of their formation, their binding force, and their implementation in the practice of relations between countries. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library research, reviewing literature in the form of books, scientific journals, international legal documents, and the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The results of the study show that international treaties have a strategic position in the international legal system as stipulated in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court. The establishment of international agreements is carried out through the stages of negotiation, signing, ratification, and enactment, which ensure the legitimacy and approval of the parties to the agreement. The binding power of international treaties is based on the principle of pacta sunt servanda, which affirms that every agreement must be implemented in good faith by the parties. The implementation of international agreements in the practice of relations between countries is influenced by national legal systems, political commitments, institutional capacity, and economic and social dynamics. This research confirms that international agreements play a key role as a key instrument in maintaining state compliance, preventing conflicts, and facilitating sustainable global cooperation. Therefore, international treaties have not only formal legal val.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Warisan Budaya Bawah Air(Underwater Cultural Heritage) Di Jalur Rempah:Evaluasi Pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2014 Anjhani, Rayya Meishella; Ibrahim, Ibnu Cholid; Ramadina, Zakia; Prayoga, Tio
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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The Spice Route, as a historic maritime corridor, not only reflects the dynamics of past global trade but also preserves an extraordinary wealth of underwater cultural heritage (UCH), consisting of thousands of shipwrecks and artifacts that are hundreds of years old. In this context, Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Maritime Affairs was enacted as a legal instrument expected to provide comprehensive protection for UCH within Indonesian waters. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the provisions contained in the law in ensuring the protection of UCH, particularly along the Spice Route, still requires critical juridical evaluation. This research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the legal framework governing the protection of UCH under Law Number 32 of 2014, while also identifying its normative weaknesses and the obstacles encountered in its implementation. The study employs a normative legal research method with a historical legal approach, in order to trace the evolution of regulatory frameworks and assess their relevance to contemporary needs in safeguarding UCH. The findings indicate that Law Number 32 of 2014 provides a general legal framework that has not yet been complemented by specific implementing regulations dedicated to UCH. Several juridical shortcomings are identified, including the absence of an operational definition of UCH, overlapping institutional authorities, disproportionate sanctioning mechanisms, and Indonesia’s failure to ratify the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. Based on these findings, this research recommends the urgent formulation of more specific and comprehensive implementing regulations, as well as the necessity for the Indonesian government to take progressive measures toward ratifying the 2001 UNESCO Convention, in order to strengthen the legal regime for the protection of UCH at both the national and international levels.
Pencemaran Laut Oleh Limbah Plastik Di Selat Malaka: Tanggung Jawab Negara Pantai Dan Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Berdasarkan Marpol 73/78 Dan Unclos 1982 Joan Pratama, Vico Adela; Lestari, Kartika Dewi; Oktaviola, Zahra; Rafael Pratama, Muhammad Rafli
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
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The Strait of Malacca is one of the busiest international shipping lanes in the world, with more than 80,000 vessel transits annually. This condition makes the region vulnerable to transboundary marine pollution, particularly from plastic waste. Although Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore have ratified the MARPOL 73/78 Convention, whose Annex V generally prohibits the disposal of plastics at sea, practical enforcement remains challenging. This study aims to examine the legal obligations of the three coastal states under MARPOL 73/78 within the framework of UNCLOS 1982, assess the comparative effectiveness of implementation, and formulate policy recommendations. The study employs normative legal research using statute and comparative approaches. The findings indicate a significant gap between international legal commitments and practical enforcement. Among the three states, Singapore demonstrates relatively stronger enforcement capacity, while Malaysia occupies an intermediate position and Indonesia faces more complex implementation challenges. The study concludes that stronger regional coordination, harmonisation of domestic regulations, and the establishment of a joint monitoring mechanism are essential to improve marine environmental protection in the Strait of Malacca.

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