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INDONESIA
Strada Journal of Pharmacy
Published by Universitas Strada Indonesia
ISSN : 27763544     EISSN : 27979180     DOI : https://doi.org/10.30994/sjp
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
The journal includes various fields of pharmaceuticals sciences such as: Pharmacology and Toxicology; Pharmacokinetics; Community and Clinical Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Pharmaceutical Biology; Pharmaceutics; Pharmaceutical Technology; Biopharmaceutics; Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology; Alternative Medicines;
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 83 Documents
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF METAMIZOLE Na TABLETS WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SWEET POTATO FLOUR (Ipomea Batatas L.) AS DISINTEGRATOR Rizka Dianti Wahyudi; arif wijayanto
Strada Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2020): April
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/sjp.v2i1.136

Abstract

Sweet potatoes have a fairly high starch content, namely 84.89%. High levels of starch can be used as a disintegrating agent in the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations, namely tablets. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of sweet potato flour as a disintegrating agent and to determine how sweet potato flour is a candidate disintegrating agent in making tablet preparations using experimental methods in several concentrations on the properties and physical properties of Metamizole Na® tablets. Based on the results of this research, 3 formulations were made, namely formulation I (2.5%), formulation II (5%), formulation III (7.5%). The results obtained from this research indicate that formulation I is the best formulation of the other 3 formulas because formulation I is the formulation whose results in each test are closest to the positive control.
VARIATION OF MANIHOT AMYLUM AS A DISINTEGRANT IN TABLET FORMULATION RESULTS WITH THE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS PARACETAMOL, IBUPROFEN AND CAFFEINE Juvita Herdianty; Nola Nonita Nengsieh
Strada Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): October
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/sjp.v2i2.137

Abstract

In general, oral medications must first dissolve in digestive fluids before they can be absorbed through the intestinal wall. Therefore, increasing the dissolution rate is a rate determining step that can increase drug absorption, especially for substances that are difficult to dissolve (Giang, T.P. 1987). One drug that is difficult to dissolve is ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is an analgesic, antipyretic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with water solubility of 0.049 mg/ml and is almost insoluble (Bhattamishra, S.D and Padhy, R.K. 2009). In addition to the active ingredients, tablets can also contain excipients such as diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants (lubricants, non-stick agents, glidants) and in some cases can contain flavoring or coloring agents. (Shamsuni, 2007). Ibuprofen in Ibuprofen in the Class II Drug biopharmaceutical classification system has poor solubility and is very permeable (Dressman and Butler, 2001). Ibuprofen is too uniform and has poor flow characteristics (Resenack, Muller, 2002). This study aims to formulate and evaluate the physical quality results of manihot amylum with desintegran of 3%, 5% and 10%. Experimental research method to determine variations in the concentration of manihot amylum Observation of the results of evaluating the physical quality of the preparation includes organoleptic tests, water content, flow time, repose angle, pH, disintegration time test and tablet hardness testing. The results of this research indicate that there is an influence of differences in the concentration of manihot amylum has a There is a water content test for all formulations that meet the requirements, namely <5%. In the test, the disintegration time of the formulation met the requirements, namely less than 15 minutes. The pH test of all formulations meets the requirements. In the flow time test all formulations met the requirements. In the angle of repose test the preparation meets the requirements. However, when the tablet hardness test does not meet the requirements, it can occur due to the influence of the binder used in the formulation
Antibacterial Activity Test of Ashitaba Leaf Extract Ointment Formulation (Angelica Keiskei (miq) Koidz) against Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteria Luluk Aniqoh Meliana Putri; Devita Riafinola Andaririt
Strada Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): April
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/sjp.v3i1.138

Abstract

Acne is a condition in which the pores of the skin are blocked, causing inflamed pus pockets. One of the factors causing acne is bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria are bacteria found in acne. The use of medicinal plants is an alternative as a treatment for diseases including diseases caused by bacterial infections. Ashitaba leaves (Angelica Keiskei (miq) Koidz) positively contain alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids which play a role as antibacterials. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the formulation of ashitaba leaf extract ointment preparations against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria that cause acne, using the well diffusion test method. Observation of the inhibitory power was tested on ashitaba leaf extract and ashitaba leaf extract ointment preparations with extract concentrations of Formula I 10%, Formula II 15%, Formula 20%. The results of this study are that the formulation of ashitaba leaf extract ointment preparations can have inhibitory power against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. The highest inhibition zone in Formula III with an extract concentration of 20% with an inhibition zone diameter value of 7.27 mm.
FORMULATION OF GRANULES AND TABLETS ACTIVE INGREDIENT PARACETAMOL IBUPROFEN AND ITS EVALUATION RESULTS Arif Wijayanto; Juvita Herdianty
Strada Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/sjp.v3i2.139

Abstract

Granulation is a process of increasing the powder size where a powder mixture that has a small cohesive force is changed into a larger particle size. Granulation begins with mixing the required active ingredients, so that a form of active ingredient is achieved through a mixing process (Musnamar, 2005). Dry granulation (slugging) is processing active ingredient and excipient particles by pressing the dry mixture into a solid mass. After it becomes a solid mass, it is then broken down again to produce particles that are larger than the original powder (granule). Dry granulation is used for active ingredients that have an effective dose that is too high to be directly compressed, active ingredients that are sensitive to heating and humidity, active ingredients that are difficult to flow (Chaerunnisa et al, 2009). Ibu profen is a derivative of propionic acid which has strong analgesic, antipyretic and not too strong anti-inflammatory properties. Ibuprofen has a dose-dependent duration of around 9-8 hours which is longer than the half-life. The recommended dose varies depending on body mass and indication. Paracetamol has poor compactibility and fluidity, which causes difficulties during compression with drugs that have poor compactibility in large doses. It is most appropriate to use the granulation method in this practicum using the dry granulation method because ibuprofen is not resistant to heat or moisture. Prepare tools and materials, Weighing 175 grams of Acetaminophen, 100 grams of Ibuprofen, 7.3 grams of Manihot Starch (F1= 10.95 g, F2= 36.5 g, F3= 73 g), 7.3 grams of PVP, and (F1= 0, 13985 g, F2= 0.08875 g, F3=0.00845 g), mix ad homogeneously (inner phase), The resulting internal phase mixture is inserted into the die on a tablet press, until slugs are formed, with each weighing more than 500 mg. Put the slugging results into the mortar then grind slowly until granules are formed, Sift the granules with a no 12 mesh sieve. In testing the water content of F1 granules, it was found that the granules met the water content requirements because they had a percent value of less than 5%, which was 2.55% in F1. Meanwhile, water content has not yet been obtained for F2, F3 and K-, because the slugging process cannot be carried out. Testing the angle of repose F1 before compression is 24°, after compression is 25°. At F2 before compression it is 25°, at F3 before compression it is 30°. The test results of all formulations met a good angle of repose range of 25 - 30°, but did not match the formula design. In flow time testing. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2018 stated that the flow speed is good if the granules flow <10 seconds. In F1, the flow time before they become granules is 50 seconds and after they become granules it is 6.39 seconds, where these results meet the literature. Meanwhile, for F2, F3, and K-, no results were obtained after becoming granules because the formulation could not go through the slugging process.
Physical Evaluation of Chlorpheniramine Maleate Wet Granulation Adjie Wahyu Pradana; Putri Liana Dewi; Riska Septia Indriana
Strada Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/sjp.v3i2.140

Abstract

Allergy is commonly happened in society, anti-histamine such as Chlorpheniramine Maleate (CTM) are fairly used to treat allergy. Granulation on CTM formulation plays major impact of mass produced of CTM tablets. Evaluation of granule formulation is conducted by observing flowability, moisture contents (MC), and angle of repose of granule. Flowability of granule is essential when compression phase of tablet. The result is moisture content is highly related with flowability, higher moisture content will reduce the flowability of granule. Hygroscopic material will more likely increased the MC and reduced the flowability. Leaner Angle of repose indicated rough surface of granule nucleation, which also related with flowability of granule.
Variations in the type of abrasive material used in the formulation of body scrub preparations on the evaluation of the preparation Juvita Herdianty; Arif Wijayanto
Strada Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/sjp.v3i2.141

Abstract

Cosmetics are products that are used to clean and beautify the skin. Body scrubs or what is commonly known as bath scrubs are scrubs that are used when the skin is wet. How to use it is by applying it evenly to the skin of the body and then rubbing it slowly. Body scrub components, which consist of fat components, can increase skin moisture. The water phase can increase hydration for fresh-looking skin. Surfactants in body scrubs can also replace the role of soap. One form of body scrub dosage form that is widely available on the market is the cream dosage form (Paradila et al., 2022). The caffeine content in coffee can make the skin moist so it feels smoother and firmer. Arabica coffee beans contain antioxidants which can provide benefits, one of which is preventing cell damage due to exposure to free radicals. Arabica coffee with a concentration of 2% shows a good exfoliating agent that does not irritate the skin and improves the appearance of the skin without side effects (Putri et al., 2021). This study aims to formulate and evaluate the physical quality results of coffee powder body scrub cream with emulgator concentrations of 15%, 14% and 13% stearic acid, and 1%, 2% and 3% triethanolamine. Experimental research method to determine variations in the concentration of stearic acid and triethanolamine emulsifiers. Observation of the results of evaluating the physical quality of the preparation includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, stickiness tests, spreadability tests and emulsion type. The results of this research indicate that there is an influence of differences in the concentration of stearic acid and triethanolamine in that F1 has a denser form than F2 and F3, after storage for 3 weeks F2 and F3 experienced a color change to light brown. This shows that the formulation has the best properties for body scrub cream preparations, is stable and meets the requirements based on organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests in accordance with the standard facial skin pH in general, namely 4.5-7, while for the emulsion type test, and the stability test that was carried out on day 12 did not experience any changes or phase separation, namely F1 with a stearic acid concentration of 15% and triethanolamine 1%.
INVESTIGATING the EFFECTIVENESS of LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT GEL PREPARATION RED SPINACH (Amaranthus tricolor L.) in HEALING of BURNS on RATS MALE WHITE (Rattus norvegicus) Nur Hidayatul Ilmiah
Strada Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/sjp.v3i2.142

Abstract

Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) has many health benefits, one of which is in the healing process of burns. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness and concentration of ethanol extract of Red Spinach leaves (Amaranthus tricolor L.) which is effective in the healing process of burn wounds in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The research method used is experimental. The results of the phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of red spinach leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins. The effectiveness test in the healing process of burn wounds used 25 experimental animals which were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely negative control group (HPMC base), positive control (Bioplacenton), and extract group with concentration variants of 5%, 10%, and 20%. Observation of the burn wound healing process was carried out by measuring the diameter of the wound on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 where the average diameter was calculated as the percentage of burn wound healing. Statistical analysis was carried out using the One Way Anova test with a significant value of p: 0.000 and continued with the LSD test. The results of the study stated that 70% ethanol extract of red spinach leaves had activity in the healing process of burn wounds in male white rats. The concentration dose that was most effective in healing burns in male white rats was 70% ethanol extract of red spinach leaves with a 20% concentration.
The Effect of Variation of Binding Materials on The Physical Quality of Batik Clam Shell Extract Tablets (Paphia undulata B.) Rifka Nabila
Strada Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/sjp.v3i2.143

Abstract

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country which has shell commodities reaching around 2.752 tons with calcium content which can be utilized for the growth and development of the human body. One type of shellfish that is often found is batik clam (Paphia undulata B.). In order to utilize the shells of batik shells, research was carried out by determining the formulation and knowing the effect of variations in the type of binder on the physical quality of the preparation of batik shell extract tablets. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using three different binders namely FI (PVP), FII (gelatin), and FIII (CMC-Na) with a concentration of 4%. The data obtained were analyzed using the one way ANOVA test. The results showed that the various types of binder materials had a different effect on the physical quality of the tablets produced, based on the results of the ANOVA test analysis which showed a significant value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Formulations that have good physical tablet quality namely FI with PVP binder and FII with gelatin binder, with a hardness test value of 14.44 kg ± 1.24; 12.57 ± 0.74 and a friability test of 0.20% ± 0.07; 0.38% ± 0.08 which is almost close to K+ (calcium lactate) of 17.47 kg ± 0.54 and 0.21% ± 0.05.
Anti-Typhoid Activity Test Of Cacao Leaf Fraction (Theobroma Cacao L.) Against Salmonella Typhi Bacteria In Vitro Dyah Ayu Rara Anggraini; Arif Wijayanto
Strada Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/sjp.v6i2.145

Abstract

Introduction : Cocoa leaves (Theobroma cacao L.) are known to contain compounds with potential antibacterial properties. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of various cocoa leaf fractions against Salmonella typhi. Methods: This experimental study involved the extraction of cocoa leaves followed by fractionation using polar, semi-polar, and non-polar solvents. The antibacterial activity was tested using the agar diffusion method to measure the inhibition zones produced by each fraction against Salmonella typhi. The positive control group used chloramphenicol at a concentration of 400 ppm, while the cocoa leaf fractions were tested at various concentrations. An ethanol-free test was also conducted to ensure no ethanol contamination in the fractions tested. Results: The results showed that the water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions of cocoa leaves exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi. The water fraction at a concentration of 600 ppm showed the largest inhibition zone with a diameter of 27.30 mm, which is close to the effectiveness of the positive control chloramphenicol, which had an inhibition zone of 27.70 mm. The ethanol-free test confirmed that no ethanol was detected in the three fractions. Conclusion: Based on the data obtained, cocoa leaf fractions, especially the water fraction, have the potential to be effective natural antibacterial agents against Salmonella typhi. This finding provides a basis for further development in the use of cocoa leaf extracts as an alternative treatment for bacterial infections.
Analysis Of Compliance In Taking Anti-Tuberculosis Drug (Oat) On The Success Of Therapy In Drug-Sensitive Tuberculosis Patients At Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Hospital, Kediri City Gading Nurantika; Chintia Devientasari; Hanik Maria Dewi; Hanie Kusuma Wardani
Strada Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/sjp.v6i2.146

Abstract

Tuberculosis, also known as "tubercle bacilli" (TB), is a directly transmissible disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Tuberculosis is a leading infectious disease that causes death worldwide. The WHO also identified the importance of achieving a high level of patient compliance in TB treatment to control the spread of this disease. This study aims to measure the extent to which tuberculosis patients at Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Hospital in Kediri City adhere to their treatment, thus achieving the success of OAT (Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs) therapy. The results of this study are expected to provide insights into the relationship between medication adherence and treatment success in drug-sensitive TB patients, as well as offer recommendations for improving patient compliance in TB treatment. The design of this study is quantitative, utilizing a retrospective cohort research design. The study population consists of all pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients who have undergone TB treatment for six months at Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Hospital in Kediri City, totaling 42 individuals. The sample was taken using a total population sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using cross-tabulation analysis with a chi-square test. The results of the study revealed that 18 patients (43%) had high adherence, 19 patients (45%) had moderate adherence, and 5 patients (12%) had low adherence. The majority of patients, 41 individuals (98%), were cured, while 1 patient (2%) was not cured. The chi-square test results showed a p-value of 0.023<0.005. The conclusion of this study is that there is a correlation between adherence to anti-tuberculosis (OAT) medication and the success of therapy. It is recommended that the hospital pays closer attention and provides motivation for patients to continue their treatment until full recovery.

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