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Factors Affecting Prevention Behavior against Thirdhand Smoke (THS)Exposure: Systematic Literature Review Sari, Aldyta Permata; Rohmah, Nur; Nurrachmawati, Annisa
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Thirdhand smoke (THS) is tobacco residue left on surfaces and dust after cigarette smoke disappears, which can increase health risks, especially for children. Understanding the factors that influence THS prevention behavior is essential for the development of effective public health interventions. This study aimed to identify and synthesize various factors that influence THS exposure prevention behavior through a SLR. Articles were systematically searched on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for publications from 2021 to 2025, referring to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines and strict into inclusion-exclusion criteria. Of the 280 articles identified, 12 studies (total 5,241 participants) were included, the majority of which were cross-sectional in design and predominantly from Turkey. The main factors influencing THS prevention behavior included: awareness and knowledge (10 studies), belief about the dangers of THS (8 studies), education (6 studies), income (5 studies), smoking rules at home (5 studies), and smoking behavior (4 studies). Awareness of the term THS was still low (8.7%). Higher education (OR=18.835; p<0.001) and home ownership (OR=2.667; p=0.004) significantly influenced beliefs about the dangers of THS. Information about nicotine levels on children's hands increased parents' concerns and intentions to improve. In conclusion, awareness, knowledge, belief in the dangers of THS, and sociodemographic factors are the main determinants of THS prevention behavior. Public health interventions need to target THS education at low-income and low-education groups. Further research is needed in diverse contexts.

Achievement of capitation indicators based on Performance (kbk) bpjs at puskesmas makroman Samarinda Listiyani, Dwi; Adrianto, Ratno; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background: The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) applies Performance-Based Capitation (KBK) to improve efficiency and service quality at primary health facilities. Makroman Health Center, however, has not consistently met key indicators—contact rate, controlled Prolanis participants, and non-specialistic referral ratios—affecting both service quality and capitation funding. Evidence on KBK implementation in semi-urban primary care settings remains limited.ObjectiveTo describe the achievement of the three KBK indicators—contact rate, controlled Prolanis participant ratio, and non-specialistic referral ratio—and analyze their implications for capitation payments at Makroman Health Center, Samarinda, during 2022–2024. Research Methods / Implementation Methods : This descriptive observational study used secondary quantitative data from BPJS Health and the P-Care application. Variables included the three KBK indicators and corresponding capitation fund adjustments. Data were collected through document review and analyzed descriptively to identify annual trends and performance achievements across the study period. Results : Performance achievement varied over the three years. The contact rate rose from 45.02‰ in 2022 to 77.21‰ in 2024 but remained far below the KBK target of 150‰, indicating limited service accessibility. The non-specialistic referral ratio consistently met the <2% target in 2023–2024, showing improved primary care case management. However, the proportion of controlled Prolanis participants remained below the minimum 5% target throughout the period, reflecting ongoing challenges in chronic disease management. As a result, capitation payment adjustments ranged only from 85% to 90% of the expected amount. These findings demonstrate progress in referral control but persistent gaps in accessibility and chronic care continuity. Conclusion / Lesson Learned : KBK implementation at Makroman Health Center has not yet reached optimal performance. While referral quality has improved, low contact rates and poor Prolanis control continue to reduce capitation payments. Strengthening outreach activities, data quality monitoring, and structured Prolanis programs is essential for improving service performance and maximizing the effectiveness of KBK as a performance-based financing mechanism.

An Overview of Anxiety Levels Among Prolanis Participants at the Islamic Center Primary Clinic Samarinda Aminah, Aminah; Adrianto, Ratno; Mahardhika, Rizqa; Priansyah, Dedi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Anxiety is common among individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension due to lifelong treatment demands and risks of complications. WHO (2022) reported that one in seven adults experiences a mental disorder, with anxiety being the most prevalent. In Indonesia, the burden of chronic diseases continues to rise, often accompanied by psychological distress. The Prolanis program aims to improve chronic disease management through education, monitoring, and support, yet most studies focus on clinical outcomes rather than mental health. Assessing anxiety among Prolanis participants is essential to ensure holistic patient care. Objective : To describe anxiety levels among Prolanis participants at the Islamic Center Primary Clinic in Samarinda using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) instrument and provide baseline information for integrating mental health monitoring into chronic disease management. Research Methods / Implementation Methods : This quantitative descriptive study was conducted in August–September 2025 among 30 active Prolanis participants selected through accidental sampling. Anxiety was measured using the validated Indonesian version of the GAD-7 questionnaire. Scores were categorized into minimal, mild, moderate, and severe anxiety. Data collection used self-administered questionnaires assisted by enumerators when needed, and results were analyzed descriptively using mean, median, standard deviation, and frequency distributions. Results : Participants generally showed low anxiety levels. The mean GAD-7 score was 3.00 (SD 2.89), with most respondents experiencing minimal or no anxiety (73.3%). Mild anxiety occurred in 16.7% of participants and moderate anxiety in 10%, with no severe cases. These findings indicate good psychological well-being among participants, potentially supported by Prolanis activities such as routine health checks, group education, exercise sessions, and community support. Similar trends have been reported in several previous studies, suggesting that continuous social interaction and psychosocial support may help reduce anxiety in chronic disease patients. Conclusion / Lesson Learned: Most Prolanis participants experienced minimal anxiety, suggesting that Prolanis contributes positively to both physical and mental health outcomes. Regular monitoring, supportive group activities, and community engagement appear to help maintain emotional stability. Mental health screening, staff training in basic psychological assessment, and strengthened family and community support are recommended to enhance comprehensive chronic disease management.

Community Behavior, Health Education, and the Effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Programs in Endemic Areas: A Literature Review 2015–2025 Erlina, Erlina; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Yadi, Yadi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, with most districts experiencing moderate to high endemicity. Although vector control and public education programs such as 3M Plus, G1R1J, and school initiatives continue to be implemented, dengue cases remain fluctuating, especially in urban areas. Persistent transmission is strongly associated with community behavior, low risk perception, and irregular preventive practices. Studies consistently show a knowledge–practice gap—high awareness does not always translate into action—highlighting the need to strengthen motivation, behavior change interventions, and community participation. Objective : To analyze how community behavior, health education, and community participation influence the effectiveness of dengue prevention in endemic areas; to summarize research findings from 2015–2025; and to identify gaps between knowledge and preventive practices to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving community-based dengue control strategies in Indonesia. Research Methods / Implementation Methods : A systematic narrative literature review was conducted using articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, DOAJ, Garuda, and ResearchGate. Keywords included terms related to “Dengue,” “public health education,” and “community participation.” Studies published in English or Indonesian with quantitative, qualitative, mixed-method, or review designs were included. Of 132 articles identified, 15 met inclusion criteria. Each study was appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool. Data were synthesized thematically into three areas: community knowledge–attitudes–practices (KAP), educational effectiveness, and behavioral barriers, then compared with national and WHO reports. Results : Across the 15 included studies (2015–2025), community knowledge about dengue was generally high, but preventive practices remained inconsistent, confirming the knowledge–practice gap. School-based and community education programs improved awareness and behavior, especially when using interactive and participatory methods rather than lectures. Community participation initiatives such as One House One Jumantik (G1R1J) increased household involvement but frequently faced challenges related to limited supervision, low motivation, and poor sustainability. Successful programs demonstrated strong community empowerment, ongoing education, and collaboration between local leaders, schools, and health authorities. Conclusion / Lesson Learned : Effective dengue prevention requires behavioral change, continuous health education, and active community participation. Although public knowledge is high, preventive actions remain irregular. Strengthening motivation, sustaining cross-sector collaboration, and empowering communities are key to achieving long-term behavior change and sustainable dengue control in endemic regions.

A Descriptive Overview of Patient Visit Patterns at the Joint Medical Practice Tenggarong. Astuti, Ayu Sri Mega; Adrianto, Ratno; Rohmah, Nur
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Backgorund : A joint medical practice is a modern health service model that integrates several types of medical services such as general practitioners, dentists, and ophthalmologists within a single facility. This model aims to improve efficiency, accessibility, and quality of care for the community, especially for individuals with limited time due to work or study. Objective : Describe the general pattern of patient. Viewed from the type of service visited, time of visit, age group, gender, education level and monthly distribution. Methods : A descriptive observational study with a retrospective approach using secondary data from patient medical records. The population included all patient visits recorded from Jan-June 2025, totaling 593 visits. Data were analyzed univariately using frequency and percentage. Results : The study showed that the highest number of visits was to dentists (48.7%), ophthalmologists (34.4%), general practitioners (16.9%). Most patients visited during evening hours (43.3%), the majority belonged to the productive age group of 21–35 years (37.5%). In terms of occupation, housewives (22.3%), employees (19.9%), private workers (19.4%) dominated. Most patients had a senior high school education (51.4%), were male (53.5%). Monthly distribution indicated an increase in patient visits, peaking in May (20.7%) and lowest in January (9.1%). Conclussion : The pattern of patient visits at Apotek Sejiwa Joint Medical Practice shows an upward trend with a predominance of productive-age patients seeking dental and eye care services. The evening time became the most preferred period for visits. This indicates that the joint medical practice model is an effective and adaptive form of healthcare delivery.

Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of the Malcolm BaldrigeCriteria for Performance Excellence (MBCfPE) on Healthcare ServicePerformance at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas): A Study ofCOVID-19, Tuberculosis, and HIV Program Suhartono, Edi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Analysis of the Implementation of the Malcolm Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence (MBCfPE) on Healthcare Service Performance at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) Objective : 1. analyzed COVID-19 management at Dumai City Health Centers using a quantitative cross-sectional design involving 129 respondents 2. assessed the performance of Licin Public Health Center, Banyuwangi, in TB control using the MBCfPE framework 3. examined the achievement of Minimum Service Standards (SPM) for healthcare services among populations at risk of HIV in Depok City Health Centers using a cross-sectional design across 38 centers Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : Malcolm Baldrige Results : From the results of all journals taken using the Malcolm Balgride method, very good results were shown. Overall, these studies demonstrate that the Malcolm Baldrige framework is an effective tool for evaluating and improving healthcare service performance, particularly in leadership, strategic planning, and customer focus dimensions. Continuous implementation of Baldrige principles is essential for achieving excellence and sustainability in public health service delivery.

Motivational Factors in Medical Major Selection and Learning Processof Medical Students at Universitas Mulawarman (2024/2025) Pabatta, Elsadai; Masithoh, Dyah Ayu Dian Arini; Habibi, Muhammad Dzaki; Abdulloh, Tomy Adrian Hefotaven; Ramadhan, Muhammad Nasywaan Arshia; Hajid, Emir Muhammad; Nathan, Gregory WilterEmmanuel; Pangaribuan, Basa Rahelyia; Basri, Amalia; Putri, Vidya Hapsari; Rahma, Khairunnida
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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The decision to pursue a medical major is influenced by multiple factors, such as personal interest, the desire to help others, family expectations, and societal perceptions of the profession’s prestige. These factors play a crucial role in shaping students’ motivation, commitment, and consistency throughout their medical education. This study aims to examine the influence of motivation in choosing a medical major on the learning process of medical students at Universitas Mulawarman. A quantitative research design was employed using a survey method involving 51 medical students from the Faculty of Medicine. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire developed based on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), administered online via Google Forms, and analyzed using linear regression. The analysis revealed a positive relationship between students’ motivation in choosing the medical major and their learning process. Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations showed a significant influence on students’ engagement and consistency in academic activities, with intrinsic motivation demonstrating a stronger effect. The regression analysis indicated that motivation contributed significantly to variations in students’ learning behavior (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that students who choose the medical major based on intrinsic motivation tend to exhibit higher learning commitment and better adaptation throughout their studies. Therefore, understanding and fostering intrinsic motivation among medical students is essential for improving academic performance and enhancing the overall quality of medical education.

Non-communicable diseases, especially Diabetes Mellitus, inUmrah/Hajj pilgrims: community prevention and management efforts Widiyaningsih, Heny Surya; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Yadi, Yadi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially Diabetes Mellitus (DM), pose a major health risk for Umrah and Hajj pilgrims. This population often comprises elderly individuals with pre-existing comorbidities. The physically demanding and crowded environment of pilgrimage increases the likelihood of severe complications, such as cardiovascular events and diabetic foot ulcers. Objective : This narrative review aims to synthesize evidence on the prevalence, contributing factors, and behavioral interventions addressing DM among pilgrims. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A synthesis of 34 articles published between 2010 and 2024 from PubMed and Google Scholar revealed that up to 58.2% of pilgrims have NCDs, with 87.9% categorized as high-risk. The primary determinants of morbidity and mortality include older age, hypertension, DM, and obesity. DM-related complications are frequent, with hypoglycemia reported in 37% of cases and foot wounds in 31%. Results : Interventions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) effectively improved diabetes selfcare behaviors. Among HBM constructs, self-efficacy and perceived benefits were the strongest predictors of treatment adherence and proper disease management. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : NCDs remain a critical health concern among Umrah and Hajj pilgrims. Comprehensive screening and predictive models are essential to identify high-risk individuals before departure. In addition, structured behavioral education that enhances self-efficacy should be prioritized to strengthen chronic disease management throughout the pilgrimage.

WORK RELATED HYPERTENSION : Mapping Occupational,Environmental, and Psychosocial Risk Factors from Global andIndonesian Studies Ambarwaty, Susiana; Ramdan, Iwan Muhamad; Lestari, Ayu Indira Dwika
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Hypertension is a major global public health problem and a leading contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In occupational settings, exposure to multifactorial risks including work organization, environmental hazards, and lifestyle behaviors would makes workers particularly vulnerable to elevated blood pressure. Objective : This study aims to explore current evidence on the determinants of hypertension among workers, focusing on physiological, occupational, environmental, and psychosocial risk factors. Research Methods/ IA literature review were obtained using electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar) with inclusion criteria encompassing studies published in the last five years.. Eligible studies assessed risk factors associated with blood pressure among workers. mplementation Methods : Results : Fifteen studies that met inclusion criteria were analyzed. Findings were grouped into four main determinants: demographic/physiological, work characteristics, environmental exposures, and lifestyle as a psychosocial factors. Age and male sex consistently increased hypertension risk. Shift work, night shifts, and long working hours disrupted circadian rhythm and were associated with higher blood pressure. Physical workload contributed to increased cardiovascular strain. Noise exposure and benzene toluene xylene (BTX) chemicals were associated with hypertension through oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Metabolic indicators such as obesity, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were strong predictors. Psychosocial stress and burnout also elevated risk, whereas smoking showed inconsistent associations across studies. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Hypertension in workers is driven by interacting occupational, environmental, physiological, and psychosocial risk factors. Effective control requires targeted workplace interventions addressing exposure control, shift and workload management, psychosocial support, and metabolic health screening. A lack of longitudinal and intervention studies represents a significant research gap.

Women’s Social Independence and Climatic Factors Affect Stunting among Indonesian Children Astutik, Erni; Li, Mu; Kirkwood, Elizabeth; Zhang, Ying
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Social independence in women, climate change, and stunting are interconnected issues through a series of pathways that can create a cycle of vulnerability and adverse health impacts on children, especially in developing countries. Objective : The aims of this study are to explore the impact of women’s social independence and climate factors on stunting in children under 5 years of age in East Java Province, Indonesia. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study used secondary data from a nationally representative 2023 Indonesian Health Survey sample. Data from 3,928 children under five and their parents were analysed. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression adjusting for complex sampling design were used to examine the risks of contributing factors, controlling for potential confounders. Results : Children of mothers who had medium and higher social independence showed a reduced risk of stunting incidence, compared to children of mothers who had lower social independence. Stunting decreased by 21.61% for 1°C increase in average temperature. Meanwhile, stunting increased by 12% for 1% increase in average humidity, 0.4% for1 mm increase in average rainfall, and 1% for1 hour increase in sunshine duration. Increased stunting risks were also associated with poor environmental sanitation, diarrheal diseases, and older age. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The study indicates that women’s social independence can reduce stunting incidence among children under five in Indonesia. While decreased temperature and increased rainfall, humidity and duration of sunshine could bring more stunting incidence in the study population. These findings highlight the importance of developing integrative preventive strategies to reduce stunting among Indonesian children under-5.

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MUHAMAD ZAKKI SAEFURROHIM

Contact Email
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Phone
+6287710112314

Journal Mail Official
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Editorial Address
Gedung IsDB FKM Jl. Sambaliung, Gn. Kelua, Kec. Samarinda Utara, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75119

Location
Kota samarinda,

Kalimantan timur

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name MUHAMAD ZAKKI SAEFURROHIM

Contact Email saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Phone +6287710112314

Journal Mail Official saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Editorial Address Gedung IsDB FKM Jl. Sambaliung, Gn. Kelua, Kec. Samarinda Utara, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75119

Location Kota samarinda, Kalimantan timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

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Contact Name
MUHAMAD ZAKKI SAEFURROHIM

Contact Email
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Phone
+6287710112314

Journal Mail Official
saefurrohim@fkm.unmul.ac.id

Editorial Address
Gedung IsDB FKM Jl. Sambaliung, Gn. Kelua, Kec. Samarinda Utara, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75119

Location
Kota samarinda,

Kalimantan timur

INDONESIA