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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 928 Documents
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Effect of Local Culture-based Nutrition Education on Compliance with Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in Female Adolescent Rahmiwati, Anita; Djokosujono, Kusharisupeni; Krianto, Tri; Utari, Diah Mulyawati; Djuwita, Ratna; Setiarini, Asih; Besral, Besral; Purnama, Dadang Hikmah; Dwiriani, Cesilia Meti; Mulyana, Nana
Kesmas Vol. 18, No. 2
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The non-compliance of female adolescents with the consumption of iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) poses a challenge to reducing the incidence of anemia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of nutrition education using the local culture-based approach on the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption dimensions, as well as compliance of female adolescents in consuming IFAS. The intervention was conducted using a quantitative quasi-experimental design approach. The sample comprised 68 and 58 senior high school girls in the control and intervention groups. The intervention group received IFAS and local culture-based nutrition education for 12 weeks and followed up after four weeks; while, the control group was given a leaflet and IFAS. Univariate analysis was conducted to analyze the participants’ characteristics; while, bivariate analysis used an independent T-test. The multivariate analysis was carried out using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. The study showed a statistically significant increase in knowledge and attitudes scores in the intervention group (p-value<0.01) compared to the control group. In conclusion, the compliance with IFAS in the intervention group was 82.8%.
Determinan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba pada Pekerja Pengunjung Tempat Hiburan Bar, Arvida
Kesmas Vol. 2, No. 1
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Angka penyalahgunaan narkoba di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun makin meningkat, Sampai kini tercatat 1,5% atau 3,2 juta penduduk Indonesia merupakan pengguna narkoba. Penyalahguna narkoba terbesar berdasarkan pekerjaan adalah wiraswasta dan pengangguran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyalahgunaan narkoba pada pekerja. Desain pada penelitian ini adalah krosseksional dengan sumber data sekunder survei BPS tahun 2004. Besar sample adalah 8000 pekerja yang berkunjung ke tempat hiburan di Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Semarang, Yogjakarta, Palembang, Balikpapan, Kendari, Manado, Makasar, Jambi, Bengkulu, Palangkaraya dan Mataram yang dipilih di tempat hiburan secara konsekutif. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan 26,39% pekerja yang menjadi penyalahguna narkoba, dengan rincian 14,86% pekerja pernah menggunakan narkoba, sedangkan 11,53% merupakan penyalahguna selama kurang lebih setahun. Hasil analisis regresi logistik multinomial diperoleh faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyalahgunaan narkoba pada pekerja pengunjung tempat hiburan adalah usia, pendidikan terakhir, perilaku merokok, pendapatan, ketaatan dalam keluarga, kesibukan di tempat kerja, status perkawinan. Terdapat interaksi antara merokok dan ketaatan dalam keluarga. Penyalahgunaan narkoba semakin banyak pada usia dewasa muda, pendidikan yang makin tinggi, pendapatan yang makin tinggi, ketaatan beribadah dan pada keluarga yang makin rendah tempat kerja yang makin sibuk, dan kebiasaan merokok, pekerja berkeluarga berisiko lebih rendah. The figure of drug abuse in Indonesia is increasing every year. It is recorded that the percentage of drug user in Indonesia is 1.5% or 3.2 million people. Based on employment types, most drug users are those working in private sectors and unemployed persons. This study is conducted in order to understand factors related to drug abuse among workers. Design of this study is cross sectional with secondary data from BPS Survey in 2004. Number of sample was 8000 workers visited entertainment places in Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, semarang, Yogyakarta, Palembang, Balikpapan, Kendari, Menado, Makassar, Jambi, Bengkulu, Palangkaraya, and Mataram. The results show that there were 26.39% workers was drug users where 14.86% had ever tried to to consume drug and 11.53% had been using drug for around a year. The multinomial logistic regression analysis shows that factors most related to drug abuse among workers who visited night entertainment places are age, latest education, smoking behaviour, income, obedience in fasmily, working load at working place, and marital status. There is interaction between smoking behaviour and obedience in the family. Those with higher risk are younger age, higher education, higher income, low family obedience, high work load, have smoking habit, and not married.
Kehamilan dan Kejadian Malaria di Puskesmas Way Muli, Lampung Selatan Ismen, Ismen
Kesmas Vol. 2, No. 1
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Kelompok yang paling rentan terhadap malaria adalah wanita hamil dengan berbagai akibat terhadap ibu dan janin yang dikandungnya. Di Indonesia, penelit- ian tentang hubungan kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria masih sangat jarang dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus control dengan sumber data proner di populasi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Way Muli Kecamatan Rajabasa, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Provinsi Lampung. Populasi studi adalah wanita usia 15 – 49 tahun yang datang pada saat penelit- ian pada periode November sampai dengan Desember 2006. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan pengambilan sediaan darah. Hasil pemerik- saan sediaan darah yang positif dijadikan sebagai kasus, kontrol dipilih secara acak dari hasil pemeriksaan darah yang negatif. Didapatkan 181 kasus dengan 40 orang (22,1%) wanita hamil. Penelitian ini menemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria. Wanita hamil lebih berisiko terkena malaria 2,66 kali daripada wanita tidak hamil (OR 2,66; CI 95% 1,38 - 5,13) setelah dikontrol dengan umur, status gizi, graviditas, paritas, pemakaian kelambu, aktifitas keluar rumah malam hari, dan pemakaian obat anti nyamuk. Wanita hamil perlu mendapat prioritas dalam upaya pemberantasan malaria dan pedonam penatalaksanaan malaria ibu hamil di daerah endemis malaria. Ibu hamil yang yang melakukan pemeriksaan ante natal care perlu mendapat penyuluhan malaria. Pregnant woman is population group most susceptible to malaria and both mother and her foetus suffered varied negative impacts of malaria. In Indonesia, study on pregnancy and malaria is rarely conducted. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between pregnancy and malaria. This study employed case-control study design using primary data in population living in working area of Way Muli Community Health Center, Rajabasa Subdistrict, South Lampung District, Lampung Province. The study population is women 15 – 49 years old of age who attend to health center within November to December 2006 period. The data were collected through interview and blood laboratory test. Cases are women who have positive results of blood laboratory test and controls were selected randomly from women with negative result. There were 40 pregnant women (22.1%) among 181 cases. The sudy showed significant relationship between pregnancy and malaria. Pregnant women have 2.7 times higher risk of malaria compared to that of non pregnant woment (OR 2.66; CI 95% 1.38 – 5.13) after controlling for the age, nutritional status, parity, mosquito net use, night out door activity, and anti mosquito use. Pregnant women should be prioritized in malaria prevention programs and in management of malaria in endemic areas. Pregnant women who get ANC should also receive education on malaria.
Pola Komunikasi dan Informasi Kesehatan Reproduksi antara Ayah dan Remaja Ekasari, Farida
Kesmas Vol. 2, No. 1
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Masa remaja adalah masa peralihan dari masa anak-anak menuju masa dewasa yang dialami dengan berbagai perubahan fisik dan psikologis. Para remaja berkeinginan kuat untuk mengetahui berbagai perubahan yang terjadi pada diri mereka. Informasi yang diharapkan berasal dari ayah dan ibu tersebut sampai kini masih rendah. Remaja putri yang berdiskusi tentang kesehatan reproduksi dengan orang tuanya 49%, sedangkan remaja putra hanya 13%. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan disain studi cross sectional ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Soreang dan Banjaran, Kabupaten Bandung dengan subyek penelitian adalah ayah yang mempunyai anak remaja benisia 10-19 tahun. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi faktor predisposisi, faktor pemungkin dan faktor penguat. Faktor predisposisi meliputi status pekerjaan ayah, status bekerja ibu, pendidikan ayah, jenis kelamin anak dan pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi. Faktor pemungkin meliputi waktu kumpul ayah dan anak, pajanan dan media informasi. Faktor penguat meliputi dukungan keluarga dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa 51 % responden memperlihatkan pola komunikasi dan pemberian informasi yang kurang. Pada analisis multivariat ditemukan variabel independen yang berhubungan secara bermakna adalah waktu kumpul, dukungan keluarga dan masyarakat. Berdasarkan basil penelitian ini, dilakukan upaya promosi dan sosialisasi kepada ayah dan masyarakat tentang komunikasi dan pemberian informasi kesehatan reproduksi pada anak remaja. Untuk itu, perlu sosialisasi dan informasi tentang cara komunikasi kesehatan reproduksi yang mengutamakan kualitas bukan kuantitas. Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood phase marked by changes occurred in both physical and psychological aspect. Therefore, most adolescents are enthusiastic to know those changes in her/his body. It is believed that addressing information about changes and transition occurred in adolescents should begin from the family, particularly from the father or the mother. However, it seems that it is still far from reality. The figure on parents addressing reproductive health information towards their adolescent is low. Percentage of female adolescent who have discussion on reproductive health issues with their parents is about 49%, while percentage of male adolescent is only 13%. The study is quantitative study using cross-sectional study design. The location of the study is at Soreang and Banjaran sub-districts in June, 2006. Subjects of the study are fathers who have adolescent age 10 to 19 years, and number of sample gathered was 100 respondents. Variables studied are: predisposing factors (occupational status of father and mother, father’s educational level, sex, knowledge on reproductive health); enabling factors (time spend with adolescent, and information media exposures); and reinforcing factors (family and society supports). Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate (chi’s square test) and multivariate (logistic regression test) analyses. The results of the study showed that 51% respondents have poor communication and information pattern. Independent variables which have significant relationship on communication and information pattern were: time spent with adolescent in working day, and family and society support. Multivariate analysis found that the most dominant factor, after controlled by father’s occupation and time spent with adolescent in the working day, is family and society supports. Based on the study result, it is suggested that efforts on promotion and socialization about the importance of communication and reproductive health information addressed to the adolescent, have to be delivered to the father and the community. It is suggested also to inform that it is not only the quantity of communication and information that matters, but also the quality.
Sistem Manajemen Crash Program Campak Pasca Tsunami di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Lhokseumawe Ismiati, Ismiati
Kesmas Vol. 2, No. 1
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Imunisasi campak adalah program prioritas dalam situasi darurat di pengungsian. Namun, sampai akhir masa tanggap darurat cakupan imunisasi campak di Kota Lhokseumawe tidak mencapai target. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran fungsi sistem manajemen crash program campak di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Lhokseumawe tahun 2005, mengidentifikasi hal-hal yang menyebabkan tidak tercapainya target imunisasi dan mengetahui umpan balik dalam pengembangan program imunisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan penelitian kualitatif untuk memahami latar belakang yang dialami subjek penelitian dalam melaksanakan fungsi manajemen crash program campak meliputi perencanaan sampai evaluasi serta rencana umpan balik berdasarkan hasil cakupan imunisasi. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen. Proses perencanaan tidak memadai, penentuan jumlah sasaran berdasarkan proyeksi BPS tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan dilapangan. Pada pelaksanaan imunisasi, jumlah capaian dibawah sasaran yang ditentukan, untuk daerah tertentu pengaruh faktor keamanan yang tidak kondusif. Pencatatan pelaporan, pemantauan dan evaluasi tidak memadai karena jumlah sasaran berbeda dengan sasaran yang telah ditentukan. Umpan balik dilakukan terutama terhadap Puskesmas dengan cakupan rendah dan memantau kasus campak yang mungkin muncul. Gambaran manajemen crash program campak belum memadai terutama pada proses perencanaan jumlah sasaran, sehingga berkaitan pada proses pelaksanaan, pencatatan dan pelaporan, pemantauan dan evaluasi. Measles immunization is a priority program of emergency in evacuation. Until the end of emergency measles immunization period, Lhokseumawe City could not achieved the target. The objective of study is to obtain the description of management system of measles crash program in Lhokseumawe Health Office in 2005, to identify things that caused low achievement of immunization target and find out feed back in developing immunization program.This research is conducted by qualitative research design to understand background of concerned research subject in doing crash program management function of measles including planning to evaluation and also feed back plan based on immunization result. Data gathering is done by in-depth interview and document study. Planning process is not adequate, target number determined based on BPS projection was not appropriate with reality in field. The immunization coverage was under the target, in certain areas security factor was not conducive. Record keeping, surveillance and evaluation were not adequate because target num- ber differ from determined target. Feed back was done especially to Puskesmas with low coverage and survey measles case that possibly appears. Description of crash program management of measles is not yet adequate, especially in planning process of target number, and it related to implementation process, record and report, surveillance and evaluation.
Analisis Pembiayaan Kesehatan Bersumber Pemerintah di Kabupaten Bogor Rahmaniawati, Nia Aryani
Kesmas Vol. 2, No. 1
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Pembiayaan kesehatan bidang kesehatan di Kabupaten Bogor yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber dianggap besar, tetapi derajat kesehatan dari tahun ke tahun tidak beranjak banyak. Padahal pada era desentralisasi peningkatan tersebut seharusnya menyentuh pelayanan langsung kepada masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sumber dana pemerintah, besar dana yang telah dianggarkan, realisasi alokasi anggaran kesehatan yang diberikan pemerintah. Penelitian dibatasi pada biaya kesehatan yang dikelola oleh Dinkes, Badan Rumah Sakit Daerah Cibinong dan Ciawi dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder berbagai dokumen anggaran tahun 2003-2005. Ditemukan bahwa bidang kesehatan merupakan APBD Kabupaten, tetapi proporsi anggaran kesehatan tertinggi tahun 2005 (9,8%) lebih rendah dari kesepakatan bupati/walikota (15%). Sumber pendanaan kesehatan berasal dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) Kabupaten dan Propinsi, Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) Pinjaman Luar Negeri (PLN), Bantuan Luar Negeri (BLN) serta bantuan natura obat dengan proporsi terbesar APBD Kabupaten. Penggunaan dana bidang kesehatan lebih besar pada belanja publik, proporsi berdasar line item lebih banyak untuk biaya operasional, Berdasar unit pengelola dinas kesehatan cenderung pada bidang yankes, Biaya Unit unit kerja terbesar adalah rumah sakit umum daerah. Berdasar fungsi yankes lebih besar pada fungsi kuratif. Realisasi anggaran yang telah direncanakan belum terlaksana sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah ditetapkan. Funding for health development in Bogor District from different sources is considered as relatively big, however, improvement in health status has been limited for years. In the decentralization era, improvement in health status should reach direct public services. This study objective is to understand funding sourced from government, budgeting and allocation, as well as the realization of budget and allocation plan of health funding from government. The study is limited to health funding managed by District Health Office, Cibinong and Ciawi Hospitals using 2003-2005 budget documents as secondary data.The study found that health sector is included in the District Budget Plan (APBD) with highest proportion of health budget was in 2005 (9.8%) which was still lower than Head of District’s stated commitment (15%). Health funding came from Province and District Budget Plans (APBD), National Budget Plan (APBN), grants and loans, and medicinal supplies with District Budget Plan as the highest contributor. Health funding is mainly allocated for public spending, while line item proportion is mainly found in operational cost. Based on implementing unit, health service units received most funds with local hospitals as highest receivers, and therefore, more emphasis on curative function. The realization schedule have not been promptly implemented as planned. from management system related to health sector.
Pengetahuan dan Sikap Pemakaian Kontrasepsi pada Remaja Putri “Gaul” di Parkir Timur Senayan, Jakarta Musafaah, Musafaah
Kesmas Vol. 2, No. 2
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Banyak remaja yang secara seksual aktif telah melakukan hubungan seks sebelum menikah dan berisiko kehamilan dan penyakit menular seksual. Kesepakatan Kairo 1994, menyatakan bahwa remaja mempunyai kebebasan berpikir dan berhak membuat keputusan tentang kesehatan reproduksi. Itu berarti bahwa remaja berhak terlibat dalam program Keluarga Berencana (KB) dan mendapat pelayanan kontrasepsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan dan sikap pada remaja putri “gaul” terhadap pemakaian kontrasepsi. Penelitian dengan desain cross sectional ini dilakukan pada remaja putri berumur 15 – 24 tahun yang belum menikah yang biasa nongkrong dan berkumpul pada malam Minggu, di Parkir Timur Senayan, Jakarta Selatan. Sampel diambil dengan Quota Sampling. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa remaja putri "tersebut yang berpengetahuan baik (54,1%) dan bersikap positif terhadap pemakaian kontrasepsi (57,1%). Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap terhadap pemakaian kontrasepsi. Remaja gaul tersebut memerlukan penyuluhan kesehatan reproduksi, pendidikan seksual dan pelayanan kesehatan reproduksi yang komprehensif dan terintegrasi. Remaja perlu diarahkan untuk berprilaku reproduksi sehat dan tidak bertentangan dengan norma, nilai dan kepercayaan masyarakat. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian guna mencari metode perubahan prilaku reproduksi remaja. Many sexually active adolescents have been doing premarital sex. Based on the Cairo 1994 commitment, adolescents have freedom to think and have rights to make decision on reproductive health. Therefore, adolescents have rights to involve in the family planning and contraceptive services. The objective of this research is to identify knowledge and attitude on contraceptive use among “sociable” adolescent girls. This research uses cross sectional design with subjects of “sociable” adolescent girl age 15 to 24 years old who usually socialize in Parkir Timur Senayan, Southern Jakarta in Saturday night. Samples were taken by Quota Sampling. The result shows that “sociable” adolescence girl in Parkir Timur Senayan have good knowledge (54,1%) and good attitude of using contraceptive (57, 1%). The result also shows that there is no significant relationship between knowledge and attitude of using contraceptive. Therefore, we need to promote adolescent’s reproductive health, sexual education and programs on adolescent reproductive health service in a comprehensive and integrated ways to improve adolescent reproduction health situation and adhere to religious and cultural norms. There is a need to improve and to refine research methodology in the adolescent reproductive health area.
Analisis Risiko Asupan Oral Pajanan Mangan dalam Air terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat Ashar, Taufik
Kesmas Vol. 2, No. 3
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Mangan yang secara alami dapat ditemukan di air, tanah, dan udara adalah zat nutrisi esensial bagi manusia dan hewan. Asupan yang tidak mencukupi atau yang berlebihan dapat gangguan kesehatan. Pajanan kronik mangan pada dosis yang tinggi dapat mengakibatkan gangguan pada sistem saraf. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perkiraan risiko kesehatan akibat asupan mangan dari air sumur di wilayah penelitian. Penelitian dengan disain crossectional ini dilakukan terhadap masyarakat di wilayah sekitar TPA Rawakucing yang meliputi masyarakat yang bermukim di dalam kawasan (114 orang), dan di luar kawasan TPA (177 orang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata konsentrasi mangan dalam air sumur di wilayah sekitar TPA Rawakucing (4.3 mg/l; SD=2.8873 mg/l). Berbeda sevara bermakna dengan di luar TPA Rawakucing (0.300 mg/l; SD=0.1888 mg/l). (nilai p<0.05). Rata-rata besaran risiko (RQ) gangguan kesehatan akibat mengkonsumsi air yang mengandung mangan pada masyarakat yang tinggal di TPA Rawakucing (0.2347) dan yang tinggal di luar TPARawakucing (0.2955). Masyarakat yang tinggal di TPA berisiko gangguan kesehatan 8,12 kali lebih bedsar daripada yang tinggal di luar TPA(p<0.05) dengan OR=8.109 (95% CI = 2.668-24.650). Manganese that can be found ubiquitously in the air, soil, and water is an essential nutrient for humans and animals. Inadequate intake or over exposure can cause adverse health effects. Although manganese is an essential nutrient at low doses, chronic exposure to high doses may be harmful. Regardless, the nervous system has been determined to be the primary target organ with neurological effects generally observed. The objective of the study is to assess the health risk of manganese exposure from the well drinking water intake. This study was done in Final Disposal Site Rawakucing area and outside of this area. The number of subjects were 114 who lived inside the site and 177 who lived outside the area, respectively. Study design is cross-sectional with hypotheses testing. The result showed that the average manganese concentration was 4.3 mg/l (SD=2.8873), 0.300 mg/l (SD=0.1888) respectively. The result was significant different statistically (p<0.05) for manganese concentration from two study area. The average RQ showed 0.2347 (SD=0.5095) for RQ in Disposal Site Area and 0.2955 (SD=0.2465) for RQ outside Disposal Site Area. The result was statistically significantly different (p<0.05) for RQ value, with OR=8.109 (95% CI = 2.668-24.650).
Faktor Risiko Tuberculosis Paru di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Simbolon, Demsa
Kesmas Vol. 2, No. 3
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Di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong, sejak tahun 1995 telah dilaksanakan kegiatan pemberantasan TB Paru dengan strategi DOTS, tetapi penderita baru tetap di temukan dan memperlihatkan trend yang meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru BTA (+) di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah disain kasus kontrol. Kelompok kasus adalah penderita TB Paru BTA (+) berumur >15 tahun yang berobat pada Oktober 2005 sampai Mei 2006. Kontrol adalah tetangga kasus yang tidak mempunyai tanda-tanda gejala klinis TB paru dengan golongan umur >15 tahun. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 kasus dan 50 kontrol dengan teknik stratified Random Sampling. Analisis data menggunakan metode regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa faktor risiko kejadian TB Paru jika tidak pernah di imunisasi BCG (OR=2,855, P=0,048), ada sumber kontak (OR=2,263, P=0,046), luas ventilasi rumah kurang dari 10% luas lantai (OR=4,907, P=0,004), tidak ada cahaya matahari masuk ke rumah (OR=5,008, P=0,006), interaksi antara perilaku merokok dengan penghuni rumah padat serta keeratan kontak (OR=14,576, P=0,017). Faktor yang paling dominan adalah interaksi perilaku merokok dan penghuni rumah yang padat. Probabilitas seseorang mengalami TB paru dengan faktor risiko adalah 98%. Since 1995, eradication program of Pulmonary Tuberculosis with strategy of DOTS have been executed in Rejang Lebong District, but new patient remain to occur and showing tendency of increasing from year to year. The objective of this study is to know risk factor related to occurence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis BTA (+) in Rejang Lebong District. This research use case control study with comparison 1:1. Case is patient of Pulmonary Tuberculosis BTA (+) residing in working areas of Puskesmas Curup, Perumnas and Puskesmas Kampung Delima age >15 year, who seek medical treatment within October 2005 to May 2006, with exclusion criteria of not being relapsing TB patient. Control is neighbor of case who don’t have symptom of clinical Pulmonary Tuberculosis of the same age with cases. Research was conducted in May-July 2006 with 50 cases and 50 controls. Data analysis used in this study is multivariate logistic regression. The study has found that risk factor related to occurrence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis is not BCG immunized (OR=2.855, p=0.048), source of infection (OR=2.263, p=0.046), ventilation less than 10% of wide floor (OR=4.907, p=0.004), no sunlight into the house (OR=5.008, p=0.006), interaction between smoking behavior with house density, and closeness of contact (OR=14.576, P=0.017). The most dominant factor is interaction between smoking behavior with house density.
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Gangguan Pendengaran Sensorineural Pekerja Perusahaan Minyak Waskito, Heru
Kesmas Vol. 2, No. 5
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Abstract

Pengaruh bahaya bising dan kimia terhadap timbulnya gangguan pendengaran diketahui dengan baik, tetapi pengaruh penyakit kronis hipertensi terhadap timbulnya gangguan pendengaran sensorineural belum banyak timbulnya gangguan pendengaran sensorineural. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Perusahaan minyak A di Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia. Subyek penelitian adalah pekerja terpajan bahaya bising dan kimia. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah Kasus Kontrol. Kasus adalah penderita gangguan pendengaran yang dilihat pada data medical check up tahun 2003. Hasil pengukuran dosimetri kebisingan rata-rata 87,12 dBA (150,98 %) yang merupakan TWA 12 jam. Data pengukuran lingkungan dan dosimetri BTX masih di bawah ambang batas dari ACGIH 2005. Didapatkan gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada 30 subyek (18,8 %) dari 160 subyek penelitian. Dari analisis multivariat gangguan pendengaran sensorineural dipengaruhi oleh hipertensi, masa kerja > 20 tahun, kebiasaan merokok, kadar kolesterol total darah > 200 mg %. Disimpulkan bahwa gangguan pendengaran sensorineural 30 subyek (18,8 %), gangguan pendengaran dengan hipertensi 10 subyek ( 33,33 % ). Hipertensi mempengaruhi/ berhubungan dengan gangguan pendengaran sensorineural. Faktor risiko lain yang mempengaruhi timbulnya gangguan pendengaran adalah masa kerja > 20 tahun, kebiasaan merokok, kadar kolesterol darah > 200 mg %. The impact of noise and chemical hazards to hearing is well known, but less is known about the effect of chronic diseases such as hypertension to hearing loss. This study was conducted in Oil Company A in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Subjects of the study were workers exposed to noise and chemical hazards. The study design was case-control with cases were patients suffered from hearing impairment recorded in medical check-up data year 2003. Results of noise dosimetry shows mean 12 hours TWA of 87.12 dBA (150.98%). The measurements of BTX dosimetry and environment were still under the limit of ACGIH 2005. There were sensorineural impairment among 30 subjects (18.8%) out of 160 subjects. Multivariate analysis shows that sensorineural impairment was influenced by hypertension, work length more than 20 years, smoking habit, and total blood cholesterol more than 200 mg%.

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