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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 928 Documents
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Lifetime Musical Activities and Cognitive Function of the Elderly Nevriana, Alicia; Riono, Pandu; Rahardjo, Tri Budi W.; Kusumadjati, Adji
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 7
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Penurunan fungsi kognitif merupakan salah satu masalah umum pada lanjut usia yang mampu memengaruhi kualitas hidup mereka. Musik merupakan sebuah elemen yang dipercaya mampu berkontribusi terhadap kualitas hidup mereka. Meski demikian, hubungan antara aktivitas musikal yang dilakukan sepanjang hidup dan fungsi kognitif lansia belum diketahui secara pasti. Pada penelitian ini, hubungan antara aktivitas musikal sepanjang hidup dan fungsi kognitif dievaluasi. Lima puluh tiga lansia penghuni panti tresna werdha di Jakarta Timur dipilih dan diwawancarai terkait karakteristik dan aktivitas musikal sepanjang hidup mereka. Fungsi kognitif juga diukur menggunakan MMSE. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya kemungkinan asosiasi antara aktivitas musikal sepanjang hidup dan fungsi kognitif lansia. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa partisipan yang tidak aktif melakukan aktivitas musikal sepanjang hidupnya dua kali lebih berpeluang untuk mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif dibandingkan dengan mereka yang aktif melakukan aktivitas musikal, setelah disesuaikan dengan karakteristiknya. Hasil korelasi ini mengisyaratkan pengaruh bermanfaat dari aktivitas musikal sepanjang hidup terhadap fungsi kognitif lansia. Decreasing cognitive function of the elderly is one of the most common problems that might affect their quality of life. Music is an element that is believed to be able to contribute to the quality of life of the elderly. However, whether musical activities that are done throughout the life span related to cognitive function is unclear. In this research, we evaluated the association between lifetime musical activities and cognitive function. Fifty three older adults from three nursing homes in East Jakarta were selected and interviewed regarding their characteristics and lifetime musical activities. Cognitive function was also measured using Mini Mental State Examinaion (MMSE). The results of this preliminary study revealed that a possibility of an association between lifetime musical activities and cognitive function of the elderly was indicated. The result also showed that the participants who were not actively involved in musical activities during their lifetime were twice more likely to develop cognitive function impairment than the elderly who were actively involved in musical activities, after being adjusted by the characteristics. These correlational results suggest the beneficial effect of musical activities throughout the life span on cognitive functioning for the elderly.
Analisis Faktor Determinan Permasalahan Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak Zahtamal, Zahtamal; Restuastuti, Tuti; Chandra, Fifia
Kesmas Vol. 6, No. 1
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Masalah kesehatan yang dihadapi Indonesia kini adalah status kesehatan masyarakat yang rendah, antara lain ditandai dengan angka kematian ibu dan bayi yang tinggi serta masih banyak indikator pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak (KIA) yang belum ideal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan pelayanan KIA. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, data faktor predisposisi dikumpulkan dari 550 orang responden yang tersebar di 4 kabupaten/kota dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Selanjutnya, data faktor determinan yang lain dikumpulkan dengan wawancara pada informan antara lain kepala dinas kesehatan kabupaten/kota dan kepala subdinas kesehatan keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor predisposisi yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan KIA yaitu sikap responden, pengaruh orang yang memutuskan pemilihan pelayanan kesehatan dalam keluarga, serta pengetahuan responden terkait pelayanan KIA. Diketahui juga bahwa masih banyak kepercayaan masyarakat terkait aspek KIA yang belum sesuai dengan nilai-nilai kesehatan. Faktor pemungkin yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan KIA antara lain distribusi tenaga kesehatan masih belum merata, kualitas ketenagaan pemberi pelayanan KIA belum ideal, dan sarana pendukung pelayanan belum memadai. Faktor pendorong yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan KIA antara lain belum ada kebijakan daerah sebagai acuan, dana pendukung pelayanan belum memadai serta kuantitas kegiatan yang seharusnya dilakukan secara lintas sektoral masih banyak yang belum terealisasi dan belum optimal. The current issue of health in Indonesia is the low status of public health, among others, characterized by high rates of maternal and infant mortality and many indicators of maternal and child health (MCH) services that have not been ideal yet. This study aims to determine the factors associated with problems of MCH services. This design used in this research is cross sectional. Predisposing factor data were collected from 550 respondents who were scattered in four districts using a questionnaire. Furthermore, another determinant factor data were collected by interviewing the informants, among others, chief of district health department, Head of Sub Office of Family Health. The results showed that the predisposing factors associated with MCH services is the attitude of the respondent, the influence of people who make decisions in family health care, respondents’ knowledge related to MCH services. Please also note that there are still many aspects of MCH related public trust that has not been in accordance with the values of health. Enabling factors associated with MCH services including the distribution of health workers is still not equitable, quality of MCH service workforce has not been ideal and service support facilities have been inadequate. Reinforcing factors associated with MCH services, among others, the lack of regional policy as a benchmark, the fund has not been adequate support services, the quantity of activities that should be done across sectors is still much that has not been realized and is still not optimal.
Efek Penyakit Kronis terhadap Gangguan Mental Emosional Widakdo, Giri; Besral, Besral
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 7
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Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2007 menunjukkan 11,6% penduduk Indonesia berumur 15 tahun ke atas mengalami gangguan mental emosional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penyakit kronis terhadap gangguan mental emosional. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang menggunakan data Riskesdas tahun 2007. Sebanyak 660.452 responden berusia di atas 15 tahun yang tidak mengalami gangguan jiwa dijadikan sampel. Gangguan mental emosional dinyatakan ada jika responden mem-punyai paling tidak enam dari 20 gangguan. Penyakit kronis seperti tuberculosis (TB) paru, hepatitis, jantung, diabetes, kanker, dan stroke diukur melalui wawancara yang didasarkan pada diagnosis petugas kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sepuluh penderita penyakit kronis, dua sampai lima penderita akan mengalami gangguan mental emosional. Analisis regresi logistik multivariat memperlihatkan bahwa risiko gangguan mental emosional semakin tinggi bersamaan dengan semakin banyak jumlah penyakit kronis yang diderita oleh responden. Responden yang menderita satu penyakit kronis berisiko 2,6 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami gangguan mental emosional, yang menderita dua penyakit kronis berisiko 4,6 kali, yang menderita tiga penyakit kronis atau lebih berisiko 11 kali. Kementerian Kesehatan disarankan untuk mengembangkan standar pelayanan penyakit kronis terkait dengan pengurangan dampak pada gangguan mental emosional dan dibentuknya tim bimbingan teknis pelayanan penyakit kronis. Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) year 2007 showed that 11.6 percent of Indonesia’s population aged 15 years and above suffering from mental emotional disorder. This study aimed to examine the effects of chronic illness to the mental emotional disorders. A cross-sectional study was performed that used Riskesdas 2007 data. Atotal of 660,452 respondents aged 15 years and over who are mentally health become sample of this study. Mental emotional disorders exist if they have at least six of the 20 disorder. Chronic diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and stroke were measured based on diagnosis by health pro-fesional. The results showed that out of ten respondents with chronic illness, aproximately two to five will suffering from mental emotional disorder. Multivariat logistic regression analysis shows that the risk of developing mental emotional disorders higher as more number of chronic illnesses suffered by the respondent. Respondents suffering from one chronic disease were 2.6 times greater risk for emotional mental disorder, suffering from two chronic dis-ease have risk 4.6 times, which had three or more chronic disease risk have risk 11 times. It is suggested that the Ministry of Health to develop a standard of care of chronic diseases associated with reducing impact on the mental emotional disorders and establishment of teams for technical guidance chronic disease care.
Tingkat Keamanan Konsumsi Residu Karbamat dalam Buah dan Sayur Menurut Analisis Pascakolom Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi Wispriyono, Bambang; Yanuar, Arry; Fitria, Laila
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 7
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Karbamat merupakan salah satu jenis pestisida yang banyak digunakan untuk membasmi hama buah dan sayur. Untuk menentukan bahwa residu karbamat dalam sayuran masih aman dikonsumsi manusia, telah dilakukan analisis beberapa residu karbamat seperti metomil, karbaril, karbofuran, dan propoksur. Sampel-sampel tomat, apel, selada air, kubis, dan sawi hijau dikumpulkan dari tiga supermarket dan satu pasar tradisional di Depok, Jawa Barat. Analisis dilakukan serempak untuk ke empat residu karbamat menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi denganpereaksi o-ftalaldehida dan 2-merkaptoetanol dalam reaktor pascakolom dengan detektor fluoresensi. Dari sampel-sampel buah dan sayur yang dianalisis, hanya sawi hijau asal pasar tradisional yang positif mengandung propoksur dengan kadar 1,2 mg/25 gram berat basah (0,048 mg/g berat basah). Dengan Acceptable Daily Intake(ADI) propoksur 0,005 mg/kg berat badan/hari, konsumsi sawi hijau harian seberat 20 g/hari masih cukup aman dari gangguan kesehatan akibat pajanan kronik propoksur dengan margin of safety 298,7 (> 100 sebagai batas aman). Carbamat is a group of pesticides which is commonly used to control fruits and vegetables pests. To determine that carbamat residues in fruits and vegetables are safe for human consumption, carbamate residues such as methomyl, carbaryl, carbofuran, and propoxur in vegetables and fruits have been analyzed. Samples of tomato, apple, water lettuces, cabbage, and mustard greens were collected from three supermarkets and one traditional market in Depok, West Java. The analysis was carried out simultaneously for all four carbamate residues by high performance liquid chromatography using o-phtaladehyde and 2 mercaptoethanol reagents in post-column reactor with a fluorescence detector. Of fruits and vegetable samples analyzed, only mustard greens from traditional market positively containe propoxur at 1.2 mg/ 25 gram wet weight (0,048 mg/gram wet weight). With Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.005 mg/kg body weight/day, mustard greens consumption of 20 g/day is safe from adverse health effect from chronic exposure to propoxur with Margin of Safety of 298.7 (> 100 as safe limit).
Determinan Penyakit Stroke Riyadina, Woro; Rahajeng, Ekowati
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 7
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Penyakit stroke merupakan penyebab kematian dan kecacatan kronik yang paling tinggi pada kelompok umur di atas usia 45 tahun terbanyak di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi determinan utama yang berhubungan dengan penyakit stroke pada masyarakat di kelurahan Kebon Kalapa Bogor. Analisis lanjut terhadap 1.912 responden subset baseline data penelitian “Studi Kohort Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular” Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara pada penduduk tetap di kelurahan Kebon Kalapa, Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Bogor tahun 2012. Diagnosis stroke berdasarkan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan dokter spesialis syaraf. Variabel independen meliputi karakteristik sosiodemografi, status kesehatan dan perilaku berisiko. Data dianalisis dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Penyakit stroke ditemukan pada 49 (2,6%) orang. Determinan utama stroke meliputi hipertensi (OR = 4,20; IK 95% = 2,20 – 8,03), penyakit jantung koroner (OR = 2,74; IK 95% = 1,51 – 4,99), diabetes melitus (OR = 2,89; IK 95% = 1,47 – 5,64), dan status ekonomi miskin (OR = 1,83 ; IK 95% = 1,03 – 3,33). Pencegahan penyakit stroke dilakukan dengan peningkatan edukasi (kampanye/penyuluhan) melalui pengendalian faktor risiko utama yaitu hipertensi dan pencegahan terjadinya penyakit degeneratif lain yaitu penyakit jantung koroner dan diabetes melitus. Stroke disease is the leading cause of death and chronic disability in most over the age of 45 years in Indonesia. The aim of study was to identify the major determinants of stroke disease in Kebon Kalapa community in Bogor. A deep analyze was conducted in 1.912 respondents based on the subset of baseline data “Risk Factors Cohort Study of Non Communicable Diseases.” Data was collected by interviews on Kebon Kalapa community, Bogor in 2012. Stroke diagnosis was determined by anamnesis and neurological examination with specialist. Independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics, health status and risk behavior. Data analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression test. This study revealed that stroke disease was found in 49 people (2.6%). The main determinant of stroke included hypertension (OR = 4.20; 95% CI = 2.20 – 8.03), coronary heart disease (OR = 2.74; 95% CI = 1.51 – 4.99), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.89; 95% CI = 1.47 – 5.64), and low economic status (OR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.03 – 3.33). Prevention of stroke should be done by increasing education (campaign) through the control of major risk factors of hypertension and prevention of other degenerative diseases are coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus.
Analisis Pemilihan Makanan pada Remaja di Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat Azrimaidaliza, Azrimaidaliza; Purnakarya, Idral
Kesmas Vol. 6, No. 1
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Konsumsi makanan seseorang dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekonomi, faktor budaya, ketersediaan pangan, tingkat pendidikan, dan gaya hidup. Pengenalan berbagai jenis makanan tertentu sejak usia dini oleh keluarga mempengaruhi remaja dalam memilih makanan yang tergambar dari rasa suka atau tidak suka terhadap makanan secara kuat. Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Adabiah merupakan salah satu sekolah swasta ternama yang ada di Kota Padang dan lokasi SMA tersebut cukup strategis berada di pusat Kota Padang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya di SMA Adabiah tahun 2008 didapatkan sebesar 16% siswa mempunyai status gizi lebih. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemilihan makanan pada siswa SMA Adabiah Padang. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan sampel siswa kelas 1 dan 2 yang berjumlah 111 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari semua jenis makanan, responden paling menyukai buah-buahan (86,5%) dan paling tidak suka pada makanan sumber protein nabati (63,1%). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan pemilihan makanan adalah alergi terhadap pemilihan makanan sumber protein hewani, remaja pria terhadap pemilihan buah-buahan, dan aroma makanan terhadap pemilihan makanan pokok. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan kepada remaja mengenai konsumsi makanan yang bervariasi dan seimbang. Food consumption was associated to economic, culture, education and life style. Introducing variety of food in early age influences teenager in choosing food. Food preferences was the degree of like or dislike for food. Adabiah Senior High School is one of famous schools in Padang, located in center of Padang town which is very strategic. In this school, last research indicated that 16% students were overweight. The aim of this research is to know factors related with student food preferences at Adabiah school in Padang. A cross sectional study was conducted with 111 samples. The result showed that 86,5% of respondents like fruits very much, while 63,1% dislike non-animal protein Factors related with food preferences were allergy to animal protein, boys for preferences of fruits and food smell for preferences of main food. Our suggestion are health education to teenager about variation and balance of food consumption for their nutritional and health status.
Effects of Temperature, Relative Humidity, and DEN-2 Virus Transovarial Infection on Viability of Aedes aegypti Satoto, Tri Baskoro T.; Umniyati, Sitti; Suardipa, Adi; Sintorini, Margareta
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 7
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Perubahan lingkungan memengaruhi hidup dan transmisi virus dengue dalam tubuh nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh suhu, kelembaban udara(RH), terhadap transmisi virus DEN-2 pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Studi eksperimental dengan desain pre dan post tes control group dilakukan di laboratorium pusat kedokteran tropis, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelompok Ae. aegypti betina umur 7 hari (F0). Virus DEN-2 diinfeksikan secara transovarial cara membran oral sampai generasi F2. Kelompok lain sebagai kontrol di inkubator temperatur dan suhu tertentu, waktu tertentu, jumlah telur yang dihasilkan, yang menetas dan mengandung virus dicatat. Hasil penelitian menemukan indeks transmisi transovarial generasi F0 dan F1 selama 14 hari masainkubasi adalah 93,3% dan 82,2%, laju tetas telur dari nyamuk F0 yang terinfeksi dan tidak terinfeksi masing-masing 68% dan 85%, sedangkan laju tetas telur dari nyamuk F1 yang terinfeksi dan tidak terinfeksi masing-masing 72,6% dan 76%. Pada tiga kondisi ruang uji, nyamuk berumur 7 hari dalam ruang gelap dan lembab menghasilkan telur paling banyak dibandingkan pada kondisi normal dan pada inkubasi tanpa CO2. Nyamuk umur 14 hari menghasilkan telur tertinggi dalam ruang gelap dan lembab, dibandingkan pada kondisi ruang normal dan dalam inkubasi tanpa CO2. Virus DEN-2 dapat menginfeksi Ae.aegypti secara transovarial dengan laju infeksi lebih tinggi pada F0 daripada F1. Suhu dan kelembaban mempengaruhi kemampuan produksi telur Ae. aegypti untuk hidup dan tumbuh. Environmental changes influenced survival life and virus transmission of dengue virus (DEN) in a mosquito. The purpose of the present study was to define DEN-2 virus transmission dynamic and effect of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and DEN-2 virus infection on viability of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti). This experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design was conducted at the Laboratory of Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Yogyakarta. Seventh daysold female Ae.aegypti (F0) were infected DEN-2 viaoral membrane and kept until F2 generation by transovarial transmission, number of eggs produced and hatched was recorded. After 14-day incubation was found that trans ovarial transmission rate of DEN-2 virus infection in F0 and F1 were 93.3% and 82.2%, respectivel y. Egg production, hatchingrates from infected and uninfected mosquitoes F0 were 68% and 85%; and F1 were 72.6% and 76%, respectivel y. At defined room condition tests, 7 day adult mosquitoes in dark and humid environment produced highest number of eggs, compared normal environment and in incubated without CO 2. In fourteenth day oldmosquitoesat dark and humid produced highest number of eggs, compare normal environment condition, and in incubated without CO2. DEN-2 virus was able to infect Ae.aegypti by transovarial transmission where the infection rate in F0 was higher than F1 generation. Temperature and humidity affected the abilityof Ae. aegypti eggs to live and grow to adulthood.
Kajian Keselamatan Kebakaran pada Lima Sekolah Dasar di DKI Jakarta Lestari, Fatma; Fikawati, Sandra; Syafiq, Ahmad; Sukmaningtias, Anisa
Kesmas Vol. 6, No. 1
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Kebakaran gedung di Indonesia merupakan masalah besar. Untuk mengkaji keselamatan kebakaran, telah dilakukan penelitian kualitatif di sekolah-sekolah dasar negeri (SDN) di Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota (DKI) Jakarta. Tiga SDN di Jakarta Selatan (SDN Pondok Labu 11 Pagi, SDN Pondok Labu 12 Pagi, dan SDN Pondok Labu 15 Pagi) dan 2 SDN di Jakarta Timur (SDN Kramat Jati 16 Pagi dan SDN Kramat Jati 18 Pagi) dipilih sebagai sampel secara purposif. Empat komponen keselamatan kebakaran yang diatur regulasi (sarana proteksi kebakaran, akses mobil pemadam kebakaran, sarana penyelamatan jiwa, dan Manajemen Keselamatan Kebakaran Gedung (MKKG) dikaji secara kualitiatif dengan mewawancarai orangorang yang bertanggung jawab dan mengamati semua komponen keselamatan kebakaran. Ditemukan bahwa di semua SDN tidak ada sarana proteksi kebakaran seperti alat pemadam api ringan (APAR) dan hidran serta tidak ada sarana penyelamatan jiwa termasuk nomor telepon darurat, tempat berhimpun sementara, lampu darurat, dan petunjuk arah keluar. Namun, ada 3 SDN (SDN Pondok Labu 11 Pagi, SDN Kramat Jati 16 Pagi, dan SDN Kramat Jati 18 Pagi) yang memiliki akes jalan mobil pemadam kebakaran ke sekolah, tetapi semua SDN hanya memiliki 2-4 pintu keluar. MKKG belum dilaksanakan di semua SDN. Disimpulkan bahwa keselamatan kebakaran di sekolah-sekolah dasar sangat buruk karena hampir semua komponen keselatan kebakaran belum diimplementasikan. Fire on building is a major problem in Indonesia. To assess fire safety, a qualitative research has been conducted in elementary schools in DKI Jakarta. Three state elementary schools (SDNs) in South Jakarta (i.e. SDN Pondok Labu 11 Pagi, SDN Pondok Labu 12 Pagi, and SDN Pondok Labu 15 Pagi) and two SDNs in East Jakarta (i.e. SDN Kramat Jati 16 Pagi and SDN Kramat Jati 18 Pagi) were selected purposively as samples. Four regulated fire safety components (i.e. fire protection system, fire truck access, life safety system, and Building Fire Safety Management) were assessed qualitatively by interviewing responsible persons and observing all fire safety components. It was found that in all the SDNs there were no fire protection system such as portable fire extinguisher and hydrant available and no life safety system has been implemented including emergency phone number, assembly point, emergency lamp, as well as safety signs. However, there were three SDNs (i.e. SDN Pondok Labu 11 Pagi, SDN Kramat Jati 16 Pagi, and SDN Kramat Jati 18 Pagi) had fire truck access to schools, but all SDNs had only 2 to 4 exit doors. In all SDNs, Building Fire Safety Management has not been implemented. It is concluded that the fire safety in elementary schools was very bad as almost all the four components of the fire safety have not been completely implemented.
Determinan Kinerja dan Kompetensi Bidan di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kalimantan Barat, dan Sulawesi Selatan Hutapea, Ronald
Kesmas Vol. 6, No. 1
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Kinerja sesungguhnya dari seorang bidan ditentukan oleh beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh sejak masa pendidikan bidan yang ditempuhnya. Banyak variabel yang dapat saling mempengaruhi untuk membentuk kemampuannya dalam menjalankan tugas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sistem bertujuan untuk menetapkan korelasi dari beberapa variabel yang terdapat dalam ke-4 komponen pendidikan bidan yakni input, process, output, dan outcome. Dengan cara survei, sebanyak 261 responden dari 4 provinsi yaitu Sumatera Utara, Kalimantan Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Nusa Tenggara Timur diminta untuk menilai kinerja bidan. Selanjutnya, suatu survei mendalam diadakan terhadap 107 bidan untuk meneliti korelasi dari sejumlah variabel yang mempengaruhi proses pendidikannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara kinerja bidan dengan semua aspek dalam sistem pendidikannya. Analisis statistik juga menunjukkan korelasi yang nyata antara kinerja bidan di tempat kerjanya dengan beberapa variabel antara lain sistem rekrutmen, latar belakang sekolah, dan motivasinya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem pendidikan bidan dewasa ini telah cukup efektif dalam menghasilkan bidan-bidan yang kompeten dan termotivasi. Disarankan pula agar pendidikan bidan di masa mendatang dapat mempersiapkan bidan-bidan kita untuk meningkatkan kompetensinya dalam menghadapi liberalisasi jasa dalam pasar tenaga kerja dunia yang semakin bebas. Performance in the work place for midwives are determined by several factors in the beginning of their professional education and training. A number of variables interact significantly, resulting in their competence to perform their tasks. This research, based on system approach, aims to determine the correlation and validity of several predictors in 4 components of their midwive education i.e input, process, output and outcome. Using survey methodology, 261 respondents from 4 provinces, North Sumatra, West Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, and East Nusa Tenggara participated in this survey to rate the midwive’s performance. Further on, an indepth survey have been imposed on 107 midwives to study the correlation of some of their background variables. Research result shows significant correlation between midwives performance with all aspects of their education systems. Statistical analysis also shows that midwives performance in the workplace correlates with their recruitment system, training background, and motivation. In conclusion, performances of midwives are perceived to be satisfactory, showing correlation with their motivation and competence. It also suggest that the present training system have been considerably effective to produce competent and motivated midwives. Suggestion for future midwives in training is to prepare themselves for global competence in preparation for service liberalization in the world free market.
Model Prediksi Berat Lahir Bayi Berdasarkan Berat Badan Ibu Hamil Sari, Maulia; Sudiarti, Trini
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 8
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Abstract

Berat lahir bayi kurang dari 3.000 gram berisiko untuk terjadinya penyakit jantung dan stroke serta kematian yang tiga belas persen lebih tinggi daripada berat lahir lebih dari 3000 gram. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan model prediksi berat lahir dan mengetahui faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap berat lahir bayi. Desain penelitian menggunakan cohort retrospektif. Sampel melibatkan 233 ibu hamil beserta bayi yang melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal care dan melahirkan di Rumah Sakit Citra Medika dan bidan bersalin Hj. Sumartini dari bulan Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2011 di Rantauprapat. Data dikumpulkan dari data rekam medis dan kelahiran pasien. Analisis korelasi dan regresi linier ganda digunakan untuk mengetahui kekuatan dan arah hubungan antara variabel independen dengan berat lahir. Hasil penelitian menemukan rata-rata berat lahir 3.337,8 ± 353,7 gram (95% CI= 3.292 – 3.383). Berat badan (BB) sebelum hamil, pertambahan berat badan ibu trimester pertama, kedua, dan ketiga mempunyai kekuatan hubungan yang sedang dan berpola positif. Model prediksi menunjukkan bahwa berat lahir = 1.764,133 + 0,023 (BB pra hamil) + 0,131 (pertambahan berat badan trimester 1) + 0,037 (per- tambahan berat badan trimester 2) + 0,037 (pertambahan berat badan trimester 3). Variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah pertambahan berat badan trimester pertama. Birth weight less 3,000 gram have more risk to cause heart and stroke disease, 13% higher than birth weight < 3,000 gram. This study described about the correlation between prepregnancy weight, first trimester weight gain, second trimester weight gain, third trimester weight gain with birth weight. This study aimed to predict birth weight and find out the factors that most influence on birth weight. This study used a retrospective cohort design. Samples were 233 pregnant women and infants who perform antenatal care and deliver in Citra Medika Hospital and midwife maternity from January 2010 to December 2011. The data were collected through patient medical record and birth data. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to determine the strength and the relationship direction between independent variables and birth weight. The results revealed the averages of birth weight in the hospital and maternity midwife are 3,337.8 ± 353.72 grams (95% CI: 3,292 – 3,383). Prepregnancy weight, maternal weight gain in first, second, and third semester have a moderate power relationship and positive pattern. The prediction model of birth weight = 1,764.133 + 0.023 (pre-pregnancy weight) + 0.131 (first semester weight gain) + 0.037 (second semester weight gain) + 0.037 (third semester weight gain). The most variable effect is a first semester weight gain.

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