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Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir
Published by Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
ISSN : 08541418     EISSN : 2503426X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55981/eksplorium
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
EKSPLORIUM is published to deliver the results of studies, research and development in the field of nuclear geology. The manuscripts are the result of study, research and development of nuclear geology with scope: geology, exploration, mining, nuclear minerals processing, safety and environment, and development of nuclear technology for the welfare.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Geologi
Articles 172 Documents
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Inventarisasi Potensi Sumber Daya Uranium Daerah Kawat, Mahakam Hulu, Kalimantan Timur Tahapan Prospeksi Detil Ngadenin, Ngadenin; Sukadana, I Gde; Muhammad, Adi Gunawan; Suripto, Suripto
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 32 No. 2 (2011): NOVEMBER 2011
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2011.32.2.2813

Abstract

Result of the general prospecting in East Kalimantan has found several radioactivity outcrop anomalies at upper Mahakam in the acid volcanic rock area which is approximately 25 km2 in wide. The objective of the research is to know detailed geological information and characteristic of uranium mineralization. Method of this research are detailed geological, radiometric and geochemical mapping 1:10.000 on scale. The lithology of Kawat area is composed of seven units of rock. They are black clay unit, feldspatic sandstone unit, Nyaan rhyolite unit, lower andesite unit, Kawat rhyolite unit, upper andesite unit and tuffaceous sandstone unit. Evolving fault is dextral fault and normal fault. The trending of dextral fault is west-east and southwest-northeast, meanwhile the trending of normal faults is west-east and southwest - northeast. There are two period of uranium mineralization occurrences in the area, the first is connected with the eruption of Nyaan rhyolite magma and the second is connected with the eruption of Kawat rhyolite magma. Uranium mineralization occurred in the stage of hydrothermal process and including in the pneumatogenic class of volcanogenic uranium deposits. This investigation has yielded two sites of potential uranium sector are the Nyaan sector with an area of about 6 km2 and Kawat sector with an area of about 10 km2.
Combined Tide and Storm Influence on Facies Sedimentation of Miocene Miri Formation, Sarawak Ulfa, Yuniarti; Sapari, Nasiman; Harith, Zuhar Zahir Tuan
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 32 No. 2 (2011): NOVEMBER 2011
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2011.32.2.2814

Abstract

This study was conducted on the sedimentary rocks belonging to the Miri Formation (Middle – Late Miocene). The primary objective of the present study is to provide additional interpretation on the stratigraphy of the Miri Formation in the Miri Field based on the new information gathered from new outcrops in the area. Five outcrops were examined in detail on sedimentology and stratigraphy. Based on lithology, sedimentary structures, bedding geometry and traces fossil, the sediments of the Miri Formation were grouped into fourteen lithofacies. Influence of tide and storm during the depositional processes of the formation were indicated by the group of two main facies associations which are: (i) tide-dominated estuary; and (ii) wave-and-storm dominated facies associations. The tide-dominated estuary system of the Miri Formation are includes variety of sub environments: estuary mouth or tidal channel and sand bars (characterized by trough cross-stratified sandstone with mud drapes facies), estuary channel or upper flow regime of sand flat (characterized by parallel stratified sandstone with mud-laminas facies), mixed-tidal flat (characterized by wavy and flaser bedded sandstone facies), and mud-tidal flat (characterized by rhythmic stratified sandstone-mudstone and lenticular bedding facies). The wave-and-storm dominated varied from lower to middle shoreface (characterized by hummocky cross-stratified sandstone and rhythmic parallel stratified sandstone and laminated siltstone facies), upper shoreface (characterized by swaley cross-stratified sandstone), lower shoreface (interbedded to bioturbated sandstone and siltstone facies), and offshore transitional (characterized by bioturbated sandstone and mudstone interbedding with parallel to hummocky cross-stratified sandstone facies).
Geologi dan Mineralisasi Uranium di Sektor Sarana Kalan, Kalimantan Barat Berdasarkan Data Pemboran Sartapa, Sartapa; Sukadana, I Gde
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 32 No. 2 (2011): NOVEMBER 2011
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2011.32.2.2816

Abstract

Favourable zone of uranium mineralization in Sarana Sector with NE-SW direction are contained in metapelite rock and some in muscovite quartzite. Mineralization of uranium is occurred fill in the fields of parallel fractures with schistosity by ENE-WSW direction, and moderate to strong inclination to the north. Three points drilling with the depth of 126.6, 174.50, and 150.90 meter has been conducted. This study is aimed to obtain the knowledge of geology, and geometry of sub-surface uranium mineralization. Geologically, research area are consists of metapelite, muscovite quartzite and biotite quartzite with millimetric - centimetric thicknesses. Uranium mineralization are in forms of veins or tabular as uraninite and pitchblende associated with pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, ilmenite and molydenite. Uranium Mineralization on the surface could be correlated with sub-surface from bore-hole data, with the result that zone of uranium mineralization in lenses or tabular form with sub-vertical dip may be identified.
Tinjauan Umum Potensi Sumberdaya Monasit di Daerah Ketapang Kalimantan Barat Soetopo, Bambang; Syaeful, Hery; Marzuki, Anang; Sudarto, Slamet
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 32 No. 2 (2011): NOVEMBER 2011
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2011.32.2.2818

Abstract

Monazite is one of the minerals that contain thorium and rare earth element (RE). Geologically at study area there are indications radioactive minerals that is monazite in alluvial sediments sourced from granitic rocks. The purpose of this study to obtain information of geological character, distribution and mining of mineral resource potential of radioactive materials and availability information area prospects containing monazite detailed in order to further follow-up exploration. The results in Pangkalan Telok Base Areas, Ketapang show that the geological rock unit consists of clay unit, Sangiyang granite unit, Sukadana granite unit, diorite unit, basalt unit and alluvial. Due process of weathering, transport and sedimentation, then the granitic rock, monazite minerals and zircon separated and deposited as alluvial directional spread North – South. This is reflected from the radioactivity measurements of heavy minerals, which ranged between 100 – 700 c/s and value of soil radiometric of 100 – 300 c/s. Radiometry values are included in the eastern part of which is predicted to originate from Sukadana granite. Patterns of distribution of soil radiometry, heavy mineral and content of U and Th have the relative direction of northwest – southeast, at area of 91,511,200 m2 has an average Th content of 1.97 to 46.98 ppm/gram.
Penentuan Kondisi Pelarutan Residu dari Hasil Pelarutan Parsial Monasit Bangka Sumarni, Sumarni; Prassanti, Riesna; Trinopiawan, Kurnia; Sumiarti, Sumiarti; Nuri, Hafni Lissa
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 32 No. 2 (2011): NOVEMBER 2011
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2011.32.2.2819

Abstract

Bangka monazite processing to separate its major elements i.e. phosphate (PO4), rare earth (RE), uranium (U) and thorium (Th) through decomposition prosess with NaOH to separate the PO4 first. This prosess produces a residue of (U, Th, RE) hydroxide. Then this residue is dissolved with HCl concentrate partially at 3,7 of pH to separate the RE from U and Th. In this process 62 % of RE is dissolved. The residue of RE dissolution at 3,7 of pH still contain U, Th and RE, so continuation research needed to be done separate U, Th and RE mentioned. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum condition of residue dissolution as product of partiel dissolution by using concentrate H2SO4. On the next research each element of U, Th and RE will be separated. The research’s parameters are dissolution time, dissolution temperature and consumption of H2SO4. The result showed that the optimum conditions were 2 hours of time, 30 oC of temperature and 100 ml of H2SO4/gram of feed with recovery 92,30 % of U, 97,15 % of Th and 93,46 % of RE.
Kombinasi Pengukuran Radioaktivitas Batuan dan Geofisika dalam Menentukan Akuifer Airtanah Potensial di Desa Sumbermanjing Kulon, Pagak, Malang, Jawa Timur Sukadana, I Gde; Indrastomo, Frederikus Dian
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 32 No. 2 (2011): NOVEMBER 2011
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2011.32.2.2820

Abstract

The study area is an area with difficulties in fresh water supply. This study aimed to investigate geological characteristics, stratigraphical traps and sub surface geophysical characteristics to identify aquifer existance, depth and distribution. The purpose of this study is to determine the potencial location for groundwater drilling to fulfill the needs of fresh water in this area. Stages of activities include topography mapping, geological mapping, soil/rocks radioactivity measurements, geoelectric (resistivity) surveys and potential location determination analysis for drilling. The study area is an area with undulating terrain, litologically composed with sandstone unit and limestone unit. Radioctivity value of limestone ranged from 30c/s to 45c/s, carbonaceous sandstone ranged from 20c/s to 30c/s, and tuffaceous sandstone lower than 20c/s. Based from geoelectrical measurements analysis, lithologically this area devide into 4 rock layers, i.e. limestone (>100Wm), claystone (1Wm - 7 Wm), sandstone-1 (10Wm - 33Wm), and sandstone-2 (14Wm - 17 Wm). Integrated analysis resulted 2 potential location for drilling with coordinates for location 1 UTM 49M 664327mT, 9082526mU, 346 mdpl and location 2 UTM 49M 664333mT, 9082750mU, 349 mdpl.
Model Matematik Reduksi Thorium dalam Proses Elektrokoagulasi Prayitno; Ridantami, Vemi
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 38 No. 2 (2017): NOVEMBER 2017
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2017.38.2.3566

Abstract

Thorium reduction by electrocoagulation has been conducted on radioactive waste with thorium contaminant grade of 5x10-4Kg/l through a batch system using aluminium electrodes. This study aims to determine a mathematical model of thorium reduction through speed reaction, constante reaction rate and reaction order which are affected by electrocoagulation process parameters like voltage, time, electrode distance, and pH. The research results the optimum voltage condition at 12.5 V at 1 cm electrode spacing, pH 7, and 30 minutes of processing time with 99.6 % efficiency. Prediction on thorium decline rate constante is obtained through mathematic integral method calculation. The research results thorium decline rate is following second order constante with its value at 5x10-3KgL-1min-1.
Studi Pemisahan Thorium dari Besi dan Logam Tanah Jarang dalam Larutan Asam Nitrat dengan Ekstraksi Pelarut Menggunakan Ekstraktan Trioctylphosphine Oxide Briliant Briliant; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Trinopiawan, Kurnia; Prassanti, Riesna
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 38 No. 2 (2017): NOVEMBER 2017
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2017.38.2.3924

Abstract

A series of solvent extraction experiment to separate thorium(Th) from iron (Fe) and rare earth metals (REE) using trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) conducted with variations of nitric acid concentration, extraction time, ratio between exctractan and diluent (g/mL), and ratio between organic solution and aqueous solution volumes (O/A), and variation of nictric acid concentration in stripping process. Thorium, iron and rare earth metals early concentration in solution feed were measured by using Inductively Coupling Plasma (ICP), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), dan Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS Spectro) respectively. The nitric acid concentration was varied at 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M, and 5M. The extraction time was varied at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes, meanwhile the ratio between extractan and diluent (g/mL) was varied at 2:100, 3:100, 4:100, 5:100, and 6:100 with O/A ratio at 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. At stripping stage, the nitric acid concentration was varied at 0.1M; 0.2M; 0.3M; 0.4M; and 0.5M. The result of the experiments show that the best condition was obtained on 3M nitric acid concentration, 10 minutes extraction time, 5:100 (g/mL) extractan and diluent ratio, and 1:1 O/A ratio, that resulted in 97.26% Th extraction, 7.97% Fe extraction, and 62.15% rare earth metals extraction with βTh-Fe and βTh-REE value 273.62 and 14.43 respectively. On the stripping experiment, the highest Th stripping percentage obtained as much as 51.37% at 0.3M nitric acid concentration with Fe and REE stripping percentage up to 2.72% and 2.55% respectively.
Thorium and Total REE Correlation in Stream Sediment Samples from Lingga Regency Irzon, Ronaldo
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 39 No. 1 (2018): MEI 2018
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2018.39.1.3558

Abstract

Rare Earth Elements (REE) are found in variety of minerals, which are mobilized by weathering from adjacent watersheds into streambeds and affect the chemical content. A study of stream sediments is useful to trace the source of metals, as they are representative of the composition of the drainage basin. This study describes trace and rare earth elements geochemistry composition of selected nine stream sediment samples from two major Islands in Lingga Regency, namely Singkep and Lingga. Moreover, the associations of rare earth elements abundance to other elements in selected samples are used on tracing the most possible mineral as REE source. Nine selected stream sediments were identified megascopically and measured for the trace and rare earth elements composition by inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The selected samples from Lingga yielded very strong average Zr, Mn, Ba, and Rb compositions of 246 ppm, 172 ppm, 126 ppm, and 84 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, Zr, Mn, Cr, and Rb are the top four abundant trace elements from Singkep with consecutive median value of 486 ppm, 305 ppm, 145 ppm, and 85 ppm. Feltilizer for agricultural area at Lingga most posibly contain As and Rb upon these elements abundances and association. Tin mine activity was found to influence the streambeds composition with low Rb-Cs composition but high Zr-REE abundance. Very strong Th to ∑REE association suggests that thorium-bearing mineral, especially monazite-La, is the main REE source of the selected samples. All of the studied samples exhibit Eu negative anomaly to imply the absence of either detrital apatite or chemical weathering of apatite. Moreover, REE of Lingga stream sediments is averagely more fractionated than Singkep.
Studi Keterdapatan Torium Pada Endapan Laterit Bauksit di Pulau Singkep Dalam Rangka Pengembangan Eksplorasi Torium di Wilayah Granit Jalur Timah Ngadenin; Widana, Kurnia Setiawan; Karunianto, Adhika Junara
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 39 No. 1 (2018): MEI 2018
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2018.39.1.4258

Abstract

The thorium exploration in the last five years in the granite tin belt region is targeted at thorium availability in primary and secondary tin deposits. Singkep island is the part of granite tin belt which potential for thorium occurences either primer or secondary deposits. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of thorium availability in bauxite laterite deposits concerning thorium content and its relation to the availability of radioactive minerals and cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), Yttrium (Y), and zircon (Zr) contents on the bauxite laterite deposit. The data obtained from this study will be used as an evaluation material for the development of thorium exploration in bauxite laterite deposits in Indonesia. The methods used are geological mapping, thorium concentration measurements, and sampling of pan concentrate for mineral grain analysis and analysis of Ce, La, Y, and Zr contens. The lithology of the study area was granite that had weathered and turned into bauxite laterite deposit with thorium content ranging from 25.9 to 177.8 ppm eTh. The concentrate of the repeating result is zircon-ilmenite concentrate with radioactive mineral content composed of zircon, monazite, and anatase. La concentration on zircon-ilmenite concentrate is 0–412 ppm, Ce is 0–80 ppm, Y is 27–82 ppm and zircon is 9,420–100,000 ppm. Avaibility of thorium at the bauxite laterite deposit on Singkep Island is closely related to the zircon, monazite, and anatase minerals. Characteristics of thorium availability in the bauxite laterite deposit are similar to the thorium characteristics of the primary and secondary tin deposits.

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