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Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir
Published by Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
ISSN : 08541418     EISSN : 2503426X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55981/eksplorium
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
EKSPLORIUM is published to deliver the results of studies, research and development in the field of nuclear geology. The manuscripts are the result of study, research and development of nuclear geology with scope: geology, exploration, mining, nuclear minerals processing, safety and environment, and development of nuclear technology for the welfare.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Geologi
Articles 176 Documents
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Lithological Discrimination Based on Radiometric Data: Case Study of Rabau Sector, West Kalimantan and Salumati Sector, West Sulawesi Maulana, Muhammad Wira; Ciputra, Roni Cahya; Iskandarsyah, Iskandarsyah; Adimedha, Tyto Baskara; Sukadana, I Gde; Indrastomo, Frederikus Dian; Syaeful, Heri; Pratiwi, Fadiah; Rachael, Yoshi; Mardania, Faneza Nur; Kamajati, Dhatu; Rahmawati, Putri; Garwan, Mirna Berliana
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 46 No. 1 (2025): MAY 2025
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2025.11475

Abstract

This study evaluates the applicability of radiometric methods for lithological discrimination in tropical environments, with a focus on two uranium exploration sites in Indonesia: the Rabau Sector in West Kalimantan and the Salumati Sector in West Sulawesi. These locations were selected to represent various lithologies within the uranium exploration program. The aim is to determine whether gamma-ray spectrometry, commonly effective in arid environments, can also delineate lithological boundaries and alteration zones under conditions of intense weathering and dense vegetation cover of tropical area. Ground-based radiometric data were collected using the RS-125 gamma spectrometer to record the concentration of potassium (K), equivalent uranium (eU), and equivalent thorium (eTh). Data processing involved anisotropy analysis, geostatistical interpolation using ordinary kriging, ternary RGB composite mapping, and delineation of radiometric domains. The resulting radiometric maps were then qualitatively compared with existing geological maps for validation. The results show that radiometric signatures, particularly eTh and eU, can effectively distinguish rock units with differing genesis or degrees of alteration, despite tropical conditions. In Rabau, where lithologies share a common protolith, elevated eU concentrations correspond to hornfels, while metatuff and metasiltstone remain indistinguishable, indicating the influence of thermal metamorphism on radiometric responses. In Salumati, eTh and eU zoning within phonolite suggest compositional variability or differential alteration, and elevated eU in altered tuff reflects uranium remobilization in smectite-rich zones. These findings demonstrate that, despite the challenges posed by tropical climates, radiometric mapping remains a viable tool for lithological discrimination and early-stage uranium exploration in Indonesia. This work extends the application of radiometric techniques beyond arid environments and underscores the need to integrate radiometric interpretation with genetic, provenance, and alteration context in tropical geological mapping.
Adsorption of Uranium onto Delaminated Amino Talc-Like Clay Saputra, Dwi Luhur Ibnu; Purwaningsih, Henny; Farid, Muhammad; Basuki, Triyono; Nakashima, Satoru; Rachmadetin, Jaka; Laksmana, Roza Indra; Sihotang, Juan Carlos; Noerpitasari, Erlina
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 46 No. 1 (2025): MAY 2025
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2025.12136

Abstract

Uranium-containing waste is generated as a by-product of nuclear power plants, radioisotope production, nuclear fuel fabrication, and mineral processing. A radioactive waste treatment plant treats radioactive liquid waste using various methods, including evaporator technology, ion exchange resins, and adsorbents. Various adsorbents have been investigated for the removal of uranium from aqueous solutions. Negatively charged adsorbents, such as natural clay, biomass-based adsorbents, and polymers, have been utilized for uranium adsorption. Previous research on uranium adsorption by amino clay, which has a positively charged surface, was still very limited compared to other adsorbents. In the present study, the application of Delaminated Amino talc-like Clay (DAC) for removing uranium from aqueous solutions was examined. DAC with amino propyl on the tetrahedral sheet surface is easily protonated to form a positively charged R-NH3 that may influence its interaction with uranium. The speciation and reaction kinetic order were studied in aqueous solution with pH and contact time as the variables. The adsorption of uranium onto DAC, which is likely due to physicochemical interactions and ion trapping, was evaluated. The maximum removal efficiency (84.5%) and adsorption capacity (113.06 mg/g) were achieved at pH 4 after approximately 60 minutes. The uranium adsorption capacity is low at pH 2 and 3 (10%), which is due to the repulsive interaction between the positive surface charge of DAC and (UO2)2+ as the dominant uranium species. Uranium adsorption capacity is high at pH 4 and 5, because the predominant species of uranium, such as (UO2)2+ and [(UO2)2(OH)2]2+, were probably adsorbed by DAC through chemisorption with R-NH2. The adsorption of uranium on the DAC was found to follow the pseudo-second order kinetic model.
Analysis of the Validated Transition Failure Criterion Model for Slope Stability in the Final Wall of a High-Sulphidation Epithermal Open-Pit Mine Farhan, M Alfiza; Aprian, Akbar
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 46 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER 2025
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2025.11404

Abstract

Open-pit slope stability in hydrothermally altered and clay-rich settings remains a critical challenge in geotechnical design. Conventional criteria, such as the Mohr–Coulomb and Generalized Hoek–Brown (GHB) models, often fail to accurately represent the intermediate soil–rock behavior of transition materials. This study applies and validates the Validated Transition (VT) criterion, a refinement of the GHB model, within a Finite Element Method (FEM) framework to evaluate slope stability in the final wall of a high-sulphidation epithermal open-pit mine. Transition rock properties were derived from Point Load Index (PLI) correlations with Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), ensuring a representative characterization of hydrothermal clay-altered lithologies. Numerical simulations were performed to compare slope responses under the VT, GHB, and Mohr–Coulomb (MC) formulations. Results show that the VT model provides the highest consistency with radar-monitored displacements, achieving up to 93% agreement in low- to medium-strength rock masses, while GHB and MC produced lower correlations. This demonstrates that the VT model more effectively captures the deformation behavior of transitional rock masses, improving predictive reliability over conventional approaches. Beyond the studied case, the VT–FEM approach establishes a methodological framework that can be extended to other open-pit mines with similar geomechanical conditions. The findings emphasize the importance of transition material-specific failure criteria, supporting optimized pit design and cost-effective wall management aligned with safety standards.
Tin Mineralization in Tanjung Genting Sandstone, Terap Village, Bangka Belitung Islands Province Sihombing, Esra Deliana; Utama, Hari Wiki; Yulanda, Yudi Arista
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 46 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER 2025
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2025.11421

Abstract

The research area is located in Terap Village, Tukak Sadai District, South Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The research was conducted at PT Timah Tbk. The purpose of this study was to understand the geology of the study area and the mineralization present, as well as the rocks that serve as the source of mineralization in the study area. The methodology used in this study was direct geological mapping and laboratory analysis in the form of petrography, XRF, XRD, and mineragraphy. The stratigraphy obtained included the Tanjung Genting sandstone unit, the Klabat granite intrusion, and alluvial sediment units. The petrographic analysis revealed quartz wacke and lithic wacke. Portable XRF analysis revealed a tin content of 2183 ppm. The XRD analysis revealed clay minerals in the form of goethite, quartz, kaolinite, muscovite, and illite. The mineragraphy analysis revealed cassiterite and hematite mineralization. The research concludes that this mineralization can be grouped into the greisenized deposit type, with the Cassiterite + Hematite mineral group only found in the mineralization zone with the highest Sn element content obtained in the research area of 2183 ppm.
Preliminary Study of Yttrium Extraction from Tin Slag Using Hydrochloric Acid Hidayat, Rachmat Fauzi; Trinopiawan, Kurnia; Mubarok, Mohammad Zaki; Rommy, Rommy; Prassanti, Riesna; Putra, Aditya Widian; Ekaputri Hidayat, Amalia; Setiawan Widana, Kurnia; Purwanti, Tri; Laksmana, Roza Indra; Basuki, Triyono; Pratama, Afiq Azfar; Indryati, Suci
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 46 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER 2025
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2025.13299

Abstract

Tin slag, a byproduct of tin smelting, comprises several important metals, including yttrium, tantalum, manganese, iron, aluminum, titanium, and others. As an element that is used a lot in advanced materials, the separation of Yttrium becomes one of the most important steps in rare earth elements extraction. By using the alkali fusion process and leaching method, yttrium in the tin slag has been successfully extracted. The tin slag was subjected to an alkali fusion treatment with sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 700 °C, and the frit was ground into several particle sizes of +100 to -325 mesh using a laboratory ball mill and mortar. The frit was then leached using hydrochloric acid, with four parameters used: temperature, acid concentration, particle size, and stirring speed. The extracted yttrium reached a percentage of up to 86.94% at a temperature of 80 °C, acid concentration of 2 M, particle size of -325 mesh, and stirring speed of 150 rpm.
Analysis of Rock Mass Quality and Support Requirements Using Q-System – Case Study: Kalan Uranium Exploration Tunnel, West Kalimantan, Indonesia Cakrabuana, Wira; Dinata, Indra Andra; Faizah, Yuni; Kamajati, Dhatu; Rahmawati, Putri
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 46 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER 2025
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2025.13575

Abstract

The Kalan uranium exploration tunnel was one of the nuclear minerals research facilities in Indonesia. This 618 m long tunnel, located in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, was built on Eko Remaja Hill and operated from 1980-2021. In this tunnel, uranium mineralization occurs as irregular veins (stockworks) in metasiltstone and metapelite. The high density of these veins causes the formation of several weak zones in the tunnel. These weak zones cause rock and soil failures at several locations in the tunnel. The study aims to evaluate the quality of the rock mass surrounding the tunnel and determine the support requirements necessary to prevent further structural failures. Scanline surveys were carried out in several zones that have not experienced failures to obtain Q-system parameters. Based on the results of the analysis, the rock mass that makes up the Kalan tunnel has a Q value of 0.61–48.22, so that it belongs to the class of very poor-very good rocks. By plotting the Q value with its equivalent dimension (ED) on the rock support chart, it is estimated that the support required by the tunnel is average bolt spacing without fiber-reinforced sprayed concrete. The ultimate pressures of the roof and wall support can bear are 0.04–0.24 MPa and 0.03–0.17 MPa, respectively.

Page 18 of 18 | Total Record : 176

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