Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry
Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry is a peer-reviewed academic journal that focuses on the dissemination of high-quality research in the fields of law, politics, and humanities. It serves as an open platform for scholars, researchers, practitioners, and students to publish original studies, theoretical analyses, and critical reflections that contribute to the understanding and advancement of legal, political, and humanistic thought. The journal welcomes manuscripts covering various topics, including constitutional and administrative law, human rights, political theory, governance, public policy, legal reform, social justice, ethics, philosophy, and cultural studies. All submissions undergo a rigorous double-blind peer-review process to ensure academic integrity, originality, and scholarly excellence. Custodia is published quarterly in March, June, September, and December, promoting intellectual dialogue, interdisciplinary collaboration, and innovative perspectives that support the development of legal, political, and humanistic scholarship at both national and international levels.
Articles
121 Documents
<![CDATA[Pola Rekrutmen Politik Perempuan dalam Partai Politik: Studi Komparatif Partai Demokrat dan Partai Golkar ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristina Kuryestra Halawa]]>;
<![CDATA[Rizki Saiful Bahri]]>;
<![CDATA[Ika Arinia Indryany]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Vol 1 No 4 (2026): June: Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI ]]>
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DOI: 10.65310/sqks7g67
<![CDATA[Women's political recruitment in Indonesian political parties reflects a complex interaction between institutional regulations, party organizational structures, and socio-cultural dynamics shaping women's political participation. This study examines the patterns of women's political recruitment through a comparative analysis of the Democratic Party and the Golkar Party. Using a qualitative approach based on document analysis and literature review, the study explores how internal party mechanisms, cadre development systems, and electoral dynamics influence the opportunities for female legislative candidates. The findings indicate that both parties formally support women’s participation through organizational structures, training programs, and the fulfillment of gender quota provisions mandated by national electoral regulations. However, the effectiveness of these commitments is constrained by internal party competition, the prioritization of candidate electability, and the persistence of male-dominated political networks. Within the open proportional electoral system, electoral success increasingly depends on candidates’ personal vote-mobilization capacity, which often places women at a structural disadvantage due to limited access to political resources and networks. Consequently, strengthening women's representation requires not only regulatory compliance but also institutional reforms, stronger cadre development for women, and more inclusive political practices within party organizations.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Yuridis Batasan Kewajiban Pemberitahuan Informasi (Duty of Disclosure) dalam Pembentukan Polis Asuransi Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2014 tentang Perasuransian ]]>
<![CDATA[Intan Prima Maharani]]>;
<![CDATA[Ratna Kumala Hapsarani]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Vol 1 No 4 (2026): June: Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI ]]>
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DOI: 10.65310/3y8w5812
<![CDATA[This study examines the juridical boundaries of the duty of disclosure in the formation of insurance policies under Law Number 40 of 2014 concerning Insurance, within the framework of Indonesian insurance law. The research employs a normative legal method using statute and conceptual approaches, focusing on the interpretation of legal norms governing disclosure obligations and their implications for contractual validity. The findings reveal that the existing legal framework, particularly Article 251 of the Indonesian Commercial Code, still reflects a classical approach that places a disproportionate burden on the insured, while modern regulations emphasize consumer protection and transparency. The absence of clear criteria for determining material facts and the extent of disclosure obligations has led to interpretative inconsistencies and increased disputes, particularly in claim rejections and policy cancellations. This study proposes a normative reconstruction by introducing a proportional and reciprocal disclosure framework, supported by a clearer classification of material information and a more balanced sanction mechanism. The research contributes to the development of insurance law by offering a more coherent juridical construction that integrates legal certainty, fairness, and consumer protection within contemporary insurance practices.]]>
<![CDATA[Tanggung Jawab Hukum Perusahaan Multinasional dalam Rantai Pasok Global: Analisis terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Aktivitas Bisnis ]]>
<![CDATA[Cameron Santoso]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Vol 1 No 4 (2026): June: Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI ]]>
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DOI: 10.65310/me1dhf20
<![CDATA[The expansion of multinational corporations in global supply chains has created complex legal challenges related to the protection of human rights within international business activities. Transnational production networks often involve suppliers located in developing countries with limited regulatory oversight, increasing the risk of labor exploitation, environmental damage, and social conflicts affecting local communities. This research analyzes the legal responsibility of multinational corporations for human rights violations occurring within global supply chains by examining relevant national and international legal frameworks. The study employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches to evaluate regulations governing corporate accountability. Legal instruments such as Law Number 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, Law Number 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies, and Law Number 25 of 2007 on Investment establish the legal basis for corporate obligations toward society and the environment. International frameworks, particularly the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, reinforce expectations for corporate human rights due diligence across global operations.]]>
<![CDATA[Implementasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro dalam Perspektif Hukum: Peran Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM pada Masyarakat Pesisir Karangantu ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurul Aulia Novianti]]>;
<![CDATA[H. E. Rakhmat Jazuli]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Lanang Citrawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Vol 1 No 4 (2026): June: Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI ]]>
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DOI: 10.65310/4rk63q66
<![CDATA[This study examines the role of the Department of Cooperatives, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Industry and Trade of Serang City in implementing the empowerment and development of micro-enterprises in the coastal community of Karangantu based on Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2015. Employing an empirical juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical specification, this research analyzes the interaction between legal norms and their practical implementation through primary and secondary data. The findings reveal that although the regulatory framework, including Law Number 20 of 2008 and relevant local regulations, provides a comprehensive legal basis, its implementation remains suboptimal due to structural, administrative, and socio-economic constraints. Key challenges include weak institutional coordination, inadequate performance-based monitoring systems, limited access to financing and digital markets, and low community participation. These conditions indicate a significant gap between normative expectations and empirical realities. The study concludes that strengthening institutional capacity, improving participatory governance, and integrating adaptive policy mechanisms are essential to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of micro-enterprise empowerment in coastal areas.]]>
<![CDATA[Sejarah Penyusunan Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia: Analisis Historis dan Yuridis terhadap Kodifikasi dan Integrasinya dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional ]]>
<![CDATA[Diana Ramadani]]>;
<![CDATA[Argiya Athala Putri]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahsin Shidqi]]>;
<![CDATA[Humaeroh, Humaeroh]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Vol 1 No 4 (2026): June: Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI ]]>
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DOI: 10.65310/av21d698
<![CDATA[This study examines the historical formation and juridical positioning of the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam/KHI) within the Indonesian national legal system through a normative qualitative approach. Employing historical and statutory analyses, the research reconstructs the socio-political context underpinning the codification of Islamic law and evaluates its legal legitimacy as a state-recognized instrument. The findings reveal that KHI emerged as a strategic response to the absence of uniformity in judicial decision-making within Religious Courts, which previously relied on diverse classical fiqh references. Its promulgation through Presidential Instruction No. 1 of 1991 signifies a distinctive model of legal integration, reflecting a hybridization of Islamic jurisprudence and national legal principles. The study further demonstrates that KHI functions not only as a practical legal guideline but also as an evolving normative framework shaped by legal pluralism, judicial interpretation, and socio-cultural dynamics. The research contributes to legal scholarship by offering a critical understanding of codification processes in pluralistic legal systems and highlighting the adaptive capacity of Islamic law within modern state structures.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Agama Kotabumi Nomor 767/Pdt.G/2024/Pa.Ktbm Terkait Hak Asuh Anak Berdasarkan Hasil Kesepakatan Perdamaian Sebagian Dihubungkan Dengan Prinsip The Best Interest Of Child ]]>
<![CDATA[Shavira Ayundara Wiraningrat]]>;
<![CDATA[Rai Mantili]]>;
<![CDATA[Betty Rubiati]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Vol 1 No 4 (2026): June: Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI ]]>
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DOI: 10.65310/a4tfkt68
<![CDATA[This study examines the legal reasoning and normative implications of the Religious Court Decision of Kotabumi Number 767/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Ktbm concerning child custody determined through a partial settlement agreement, analyzed in light of the principle of the best interest of the child. Employing a normative juridical method with statute and case approaches, this research analyzes relevant legal frameworks, including Indonesian Marriage Law, Child Protection Law, and Supreme Court Regulation on mediation, alongside doctrinal perspectives and judicial practices. The findings reveal that while the decision reflects formal compliance with mediation-based dispute resolution and acknowledges the principle of the best interest of the child, its substantive application remains limited by the absence of structured judicial reasoning and insufficient articulation of child-centered considerations. Furthermore, the enforceability of such decisions is constrained by normative gaps in post-judgment supervision and execution mechanisms. This study proposes a reconstruction of legal norms to strengthen judicial oversight and ensure that custody decisions effectively safeguard children's rights in both declarative and practical dimensions.]]>
<![CDATA[Problematika Penyelesaian Sengketa Hak Cipta melalui Jalur Perdata: Disharmoni Normatif dan Tantangan Pembuktian dalam Rezim Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 ]]>
<![CDATA[Zhakiya Eka Mulya Fadhillah]]>;
<![CDATA[Naswa Aulia Putri]]>;
<![CDATA[Anggi Sri Haryati Simarmata]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Vol 1 No 4 (2026): June: Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI ]]>
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DOI: 10.65310/fw5zh866
<![CDATA[This study examines the settlement of copyright disputes through civil law mechanisms under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright, employing a normative juridical approach with statutory and doctrinal analysis. The research focuses on the coherence and synchronization of copyright norms with civil procedural frameworks, including the Civil Code, HIR, and RBg, in addressing disputes related to economic and moral rights. The findings reveal that Indonesia adopts a declarative system of copyright protection, granting automatic rights upon fixation, yet evidentiary challenges persist due to the absence of mandatory registration. Furthermore, the study identifies structural limitations in civil litigation, particularly in the assessment of damages, evidentiary standards, and enforcement of court decisions. Through interpretative legal methods, including grammatical, systematic, and teleological approaches, this research highlights the gap between normative expectations and practical implementation. The study concludes that strengthening institutional mechanisms, improving legal coherence, and adapting regulatory frameworks to digital contexts are essential to ensure effective dispute resolution and legal certainty in Indonesia’s copyright regime.]]>
<![CDATA[Problematika Pertanggungjawaban Marketplace dalam Transaksi Elektronik: Disharmoni Regulasi dan Kesenjangan Perlindungan Konsumen Digital ]]>
<![CDATA[Haromatul Mukarromah Al-Bantani]]>;
<![CDATA[Nabila Aulia Rahma]]>;
<![CDATA[Anggi Sri Haryati Simarmata]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Vol 1 No 4 (2026): June: Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI ]]>
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DOI: 10.65310/r20psp93
<![CDATA[This study examines the legal responsibility of marketplace platforms for consumer losses arising from electronic transactions within the framework of Indonesian positive law. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the analysis focuses on the coherence, adequacy, and adaptability of legal norms governing digital commerce, particularly under consumer protection, trade, and electronic transaction regimes. The findings reveal that existing regulations, including consumer protection law, electronic information and transaction law, and trade law, have not yet fully accommodated the complex, multi-party nature of marketplace ecosystems, resulting in normative gaps and fragmented liability structures. Furthermore, the current liability framework tends to emphasize fault-based principles, which are insufficient in addressing systemic risks and technological asymmetries inherent in digital platforms. This study proposes a reconstructed model of marketplace liability grounded in hybrid principles, integrating strict liability, shared responsibility, and risk-based regulatory mechanisms to ensure more effective consumer protection. The proposed model contributes to the development of a responsive and adaptive legal framework capable of addressing emerging challenges in digital transactions while strengthening legal certainty and fairness in marketplace governance.]]>
<![CDATA[Kedudukan Yuridis dan Kekuatan Pembuktian Dokumen Elektronik Sebagai Alat Bukti Tulisan dalam Perkara Wanprestasi ]]>
<![CDATA[Anggi Sri Haryati Simarmata]]>;
<![CDATA[Jordan Lenbert Pandiangan]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Fajna Iqbal]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Vol 1 No 4 (2026): June: Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI ]]>
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DOI: 10.65310/4g95wj66
<![CDATA[This study examines the juridical status and evidentiary strength of electronic documents as written evidence in breach of contract disputes within the Indonesian legal system through a normative legal research approach. The analysis employs statute and conceptual approaches to assess the coherence between conventional civil procedural law and contemporary electronic transaction regulations, particularly focusing on the Indonesian Civil Code, HIR/RBg, and the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions along with its implementing regulations. The findings indicate that electronic documents have obtained formal legal recognition as valid evidence; however, their evidentiary weight remains contingent upon authentication, integrity, and reliability standards embedded in electronic systems. The study further identifies normative inconsistencies and interpretative disparities in judicial practice, which create legal uncertainty in evaluating electronic evidence. By applying systematic and teleological interpretation, this research proposes a harmonized legal framework grounded in the principle of functional equivalence to bridge the gap between traditional and digital evidentiary regimes. The study contributes to the development of modern evidentiary law by offering a prescriptive model that integrates legal norms and technological validation mechanisms to ensure legal certainty, fairness, and procedural efficiency]]>
<![CDATA[Kewenangan Pemerintah Kabupaten dalam SPBE: Tinjauan Yuridis Perda No. 6 Tahun 2020 ]]>
<![CDATA[Zaidan Septiyo Nugroho]]>;
<![CDATA[H.E Rakhmat Jazuli]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Rayhan]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry Vol 1 No 4 (2026): June: Custodia: Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV SCRIPTA INTELEKTUAL MANDIRI ]]>
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DOI: 10.65310/01ar5r60
<![CDATA[The need for transparent governance in Tangerang Regency has been growing in line with the times. The implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) offers various benefits, such as easy access to public services without spatial or temporal limitations through the official website and the Tangerang Gemilang app, as well as the creation of more dynamic interactions between the government and the public. This study employs an empirical legal method to analyze the application of legal provisions in practice. The theories utilized include the theory of authority, which emphasizes the legitimacy of government actions based on laws and regulations, as well as the theory of public service, which focuses on the quality of services provided to the public. The research findings indicate that the SPBE in Tangerang Regency has a strong regulatory foundation and structure. However, the effectiveness of its implementation still faces various obstacles, such as limited human resources, uneven technological infrastructure, budget constraints, weak coordination among local government agencies, and low digital literacy among the public. These obstacles have prevented the goal of improving the quality of public services from being fully achieved, meaning that strong legal authority does not necessarily guarantee the effectiveness of services.]]>
