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Folia Medica Indonesiana The Unit of Journal Consortium and Folia Medica Indonesiana Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, Pacar Kembang, Kec. Tambaksari, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60132, Indonesia
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Folia Medica Indonesiana
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 23558398     EISSN : 2599056X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.65346/2958-4515.2401
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Folia Medica Indonesiana, as indicated by its name, focuses on publishing good quality articles about research and education on health science and medicine in Indonesia. However, due to the fast growth of science and knowledge in these fields, we also welcome submitted articles from around the world, especially the ones that contain related matters from lower-middle income countries. Folia Medica Indonesiana is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that is published online at least four times a year. The scope covers various aspects of basic medical sciences includes anatomy, physiology, pathology, microbiology, pharmacology, and molecular medicine) and clinical medicine (covers specialties like internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, oncology, psychiatry, etc). We highlight the pathology and potential treatment of metabolic syndromes and infectious diseases. Folia Medica Indonesiana also encourages the publication of articles about health education. The scope includes, but is not limited to, articles that emphasize on preventive education on certain diseases in a community, also research report of various materials and/or methods to develop medical education. We recognize the importance of this type of articles to be published alongside the assigned topic in each of our yearly issues, to provide our readers with updated information in medical sciences’ research and education simultaneously.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 61, No. 2" : 15 Documents clear
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF NUTMEG MACE (<i>Myristica Fragrans</i> Houtt) ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST <i>Candida</i> spp. Yandji, Muhammad Akbar; Astuty, Eka; Bandjar, Fitri Kadarsih
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Candida infections are increasingly common worldwide and represent one of the leading causes of death after cardiovascular disease. There are three types of candida that often infect humans, namely Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. In the standard treatment used, immunity and side effects of treatment have been found. Therefore, other treatment options are needed, one of which is by using mace (Myristica fragrans Houtt) which is a native plant of Maluku and has secondary metabolite compounds that can be antifungal agents. This study aims to test the ability of ethanol extract of mace nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% on the growth of Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida tropicalis ATCC 750, and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019. This study was conducted using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). The results showed that the strongest inhibition zone was shown at a concentration of 100% against Candida tropicalis with an average inhibition zone diameter of 7.93 mm. Meanwhile, the lowest inhibition zone was shown at a concentration of 5% against Candida parapsilosis with an average inhibition zone of 3.25 mm. This research can be concluded that ethanol extract of mace nutmeg at all concentrations is able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida. parapsilosis.
VARIETY OF STUDY METHODS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY RESIDENCY Abdullah, Muhammad Rizqy; Komaratih, Evelyn
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Effective study methods are critical in ophthalmology residency, which must balance cognitive learning with surgical skill development. This systematic review examined non-surgical cognitive strategies and surgical training techniques to inform curriculum design and enhance resident performance. A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus (2016–2025) using keywords (“study method” OR “effective study” OR “learning strategy” OR “educational intervention” OR “training approach”) AND (“ophthalmology residency” OR “resident education”). After screening and applying eligibility criteria, 17 studies were included. Methods were categorized as non-surgical (n = 5) and surgical learning (n = 12). This review revealed that non-surgical strategies, including residents-as-teachers programs, journal clubs, and structured assessments, were associated with improved engagement, knowledge retention, and board exam performance. Surgical training methods, such as wet labs, mannequin simulators, remote virtual labs, enhance psychomotor skills and procedural competence. Resident-performed surgeries showed educational benefits but suggested that students require close supervision. In conclusion, effective ophthalmology residency training integrates structured cognitive technique with simulation-based surgical practice. Active learning improves academic performance, while controlled surgical simulations of these methods across programs may optimize educational outcomes.
DAMPIT ROBUSTA COFFEE EFFECT ON THE CREATININE KINASE LEVELS AND MUSCLE PAIN SCALES AMONG SPORT ENTHUSIAST Salamy, M. Fath Alhaqqi Sanis; Qorib, Mohammad Fathul; Herawati, Lilik; Darmawan, Rizky; Mujahiddin, M. Izzul; Salamun, Salamun; Salamy, Ahmed Zaiyan Nahel; Salamy, Achmad Yarziq Mubarak Salis; Mohamed, Moh Nahar Azmi; Ramadhan, Ain Darojah Siddiq Ramadhan
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Excessive eccentric exercise often results in muscle injury, reflected by elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) levels and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In Indonesia, coffee consumption after exercise has increased, with Dampit Robusta Coffee (DRC)—a local variety rich in caffeine and antioxidants considered a potential aid for recovery. This study evaluated the effect of DRC consumption on biomarkers of muscle damage and perceived soreness. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 20 healthy untrained men aged 20–25 years, allocated into treatment (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The treatment group consumed brewed DRC (≈200 mg caffeine/day) for five consecutive days, while the control group received placebo (coffee-flavored water). All participants performed a modified YMCA step test as an eccentric exercise protocol. Serum CK levels were measured at 2 and 24 hours post-exercise, and muscle soreness was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). At both 2 and 24 hours, mean CK levels were lower in the DRC group compared with control, but differences were not significant (p > 0.05). However, analysis of CK change (ΔCK) showed a significant between-group difference, with CK decreasing in the DRC group but increasing in the control group (p = 0.031). VAS scores decreased significantly over time within both groups (p = 0.05), but between-group differences remained nonsignificant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, DRC consumption attenuated CK elevation after eccentric exercise, suggesting a protective effect against muscle injury, although its effect on soreness was inconclusive. Further studies with larger and more diverse samples are needed.
PREECLAMPSIA AND PRETERM BIRTH AS PREDOMINANT FACTORS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT: INSIGHTS FROM A RURAL HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA Dzakiyyah, Sitisalma Amirah; Rahma, Alissa; Salsabila, Aziza; Agustina, Devi Silvia; Qamariah, Syarifah; Duarsa, Adhi Mahabudi; Cininta, Nareswari Imanadha
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major public health concern in low-resource and rural settings due to its strong association with neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify maternal determinants associated with LBW in a rural hospital in Indonesia. A retrospective cross-sectional review was conducted on 179 singleton deliveries between January 1st and December 31st, 2024, at Alimuddin Umar General Hospital. Maternal age, parity, anemia, preeclampsia, and gestational age at delivery were obtained from medical records and analyzed using bivariate and multivariate methods. Bivariate analysis showed that preterm birth (p < 0.001) and preeclampsia (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with LBW, whereas maternal age, parity, and anemia showed no significant associations. When adjusted for potential confounders in the multivariate analyses, both preeclampsia (p = 0.019; OR = 4.61; 95% CI: 1.29–16.55) and preterm birth (p < 0.001; OR = 14.60; 95% CI: 5.52–38.57) remained independent predictors of LBW. These findings suggest that preeclampsia and preterm birth are the main contributors to LBW in this setting. Strengthening antenatal care, particularly early detection and management of preeclampsia and prevention of preterm birth, may reduce the burden of LBW. Further studies including nutritional, socioeconomic, and antenatal care variables are recommended to identify independent risk factors more comprehensively.
EXPLORING ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KERSEN FRUIT (<i>MUNTINGIA CALABURA</i> L) AS ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM Firmanda, Hafidz; Widodo, Agung Dwi Wahyu; Wahyunitisari, Manik Retno
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Infections caused by microbial biofilms pose a clinical treat in terms of patient morbidity and mortality rates. For potential treatment this study aims to determine antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of kersen fruit extract (Muntingia calabura L) on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. This research used true experimental method with posttest only control group design. Using 6 kersen fruit extract concentration and 4 replications. Antimicrobial test used tube dilution method and antibiofilm test used two different scenario, biofilm growth inhibition test and biofilm degradation test. MIC result against Staphylococcus aures and Escherichia coli at extract concentration of 6.25% and Candida albicans at concentration 12.5%. MBC result against Staphylococcus aures and Escherichia coli at extract concentration of 12.5% and Candida albicans at concentration 25%. Biofilm growth inhibition test found that kersen fruit extract was able to inhibit biofilm growth of Staphylococcus aures, highest inhibition value at 76.3% and Escherichia coli highest inhibition percentage at 18.18%. Biofilm degradation test showed that kersen fruit extract was able to degrade biofilm of Staphylococcus aures highest degradation value is 26.5%. Kersen fruit extract was shown has antimicrobial activity as bacteriostatic and bactericidal against these microbes. Antibiofilm activity of kersen fruit extract obtained good result at preventing biofilm growth against Staphylococcus aures, while against Escherichia coli obtained weak growth inhibition. In biofilm degradation test, Kersen fruit extract was able to degrade biofilm from Staphylococcus aures with moderate strength.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ELECTROSURGERY FOR MANAGEMENT OF GIANT CONDYLOMA ACUMINATA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Eviani, Fortunia Mona; Stella, Maureen Miracle; Budiyanto, Arief; Pudjiati, Satiti Retno; Alfieri, Alessandro
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Giant condyloma acuminata (GCA) is a rare sexually transmitted disease that is locally aggressive with a high recurrence rate. Electrosurgery is a minimally invasive procedure that may be less expensive, quicker, and safer than conventional surgery. This study aimed to review the management of GCA with electrosurgery. We followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines to search and retrieve literature in the following databases: PubMed, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, and SAGE without time restrictions. The study inclusion criteria were original articles that studied the outcome of electrosurgery in GCA. The authors evaluated the risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) risk-of-bias assessment. From 572 studies, seven were selected. All studies were published in English between 1997 and 2024. The affected regions in the studies include anal/perianal/anorectal (n=6), vulva (n=2), penis (n=2), scrotal (n=1), vagina (n=1), and suprapubic (n=1). Electrosurgical methods used were electrocautery, electrosection, and electrofulguration, with or without adjunctive treatments. Most cases achieved initial clearance, although one case had a rapid recurrence despite multiple interventions and progressed to squamous cell carcinoma. Recurrence was reported in three cases overall, with timing ranging from weeks to months after treatment. A few adverse effects were infrequent and included a burning sensation during application, minor bleeding, depigmentation, superficial atrophic scarring, and a small remnant ulcer. Electrosurgery demonstrates great potential in treating GCA, particularly when combined with other treatment modalities. However, none of the studies was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). To strengthen the evidence base, RCTs are definitely required.
PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PARAMETERS SHOW NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH RESIDUAL CANCER BURDEN IN BREAST CARCINOMA Rahmanti, Fishella Aprista; Sandhika, Willy; Tjandra, Lusiani
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) is a validated scoring system that quantifies the amount of tumour remaining after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer, providing prognostic information beyond binary outcomes, such as pathologic complete response (pCR). pCR represents a binary endpoint within various NAC response-grading systems, including RCB, rather than a separate reporting system. This study aimed to assess clinicopathological and molecular predictors of RCB class, including histological grade, histopathological type, molecular subtype, and Ki-67 index. A retrospective study was conducted on 68 patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma who underwent NAC. Descriptive statistics and Pearson, Spearman, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate associations between these variables and RCB class. The mean Ki-67 index was 49.9% (standard deviation not specified), and most tumours were grade 2 (48.5%), invasive carcinoma of no special type (79.4%), and luminal B subtype (63.2%). The distribution of RCB classes was RCB III (42.6%), RCB II (35.3%), RCB 0 (13.2%), and RCB I (8.8%). Statistical analysis did not reveal significant associations between histological grade, histopathological type, molecular subtype, or Ki-67 and RCB class (all p > 0.05). No statistically significant associations were identified; however, the study may be insufficiently powered to detect smaller but clinically meaningful relationships. These findings point to the need for larger, multicentre studies with standardised biomarker assessment to improve post-treatment prognostication.
DELAYED MANAGEMENT OF BILATERAL MASSIVE EPIDURAL HEMATOMA INVOLVING PARASAGITTAL SINUS: A COMPREHENSIVE SCOPING REVIEW FROM INDONESIAN PERSPECTIVES Suryaningtyas, Wihasto; Armando, Alivery Raihanada; Ramadhan, Candra Dwantara; Kamaruddin, Muhammad Fadhil; Zamzam, Ramadhani Rizki; Nathania, Nathania
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Introduction: Vertex epidural hematomas (VEDH) involving the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) are rare, critical injuries often complicated by massive venous hemorrhage. This study evaluates the clinical outcomes of VEDH and identifies systemic barriers contributing to treatment delays in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Methods: We present a case series of three patients managed at an Indonesian tertiary center alongside a scoping review of 33 studies. Delayed management was defined as prolonged injury-to-surgery intervals resulting from referral inefficiencies and transport logistics. Results: The series highlights a unique case of a 66-year-old male with bilateral VEDH and SSS laceration who underwent surgery 32 hours post-injury. Despite massive intraoperative blood loss (6000cc) requiring aggressive transfusion and sinus repair, the patient achieved a good functional recovery. The scoping review identified primary barriers to timely care, including geographical constraints, lack of organized emergency transport, and a scarcity of neurosurgical specialists and CT scanners in rural regions. Conclusion: While delayed presentation exacerbates surgical risks, aggressive management via bicoronal craniotomy remains effective. Improving prehospital infrastructure and referral networks is essential to reducing preventable delays in neurotrauma management.
EQUIVALENT SURVIVAL OUTCOMES ACROSS DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN PARTIAL SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION AT DR. KARIADI HOSPITAL, SEMARANG IN JANUARY - DECEMBER 2024 Gunadi, Ezra Endria; Mughni, Abdul
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is[30pc]AU: Please provide the publication history dates. a common clinical condition in general surgery, contributing to approximately 12% of surgical admissions globally. With over 300,000 operations performed annually, timely and appropriate management is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. Although operative management remains standard in many cases, non-operative strategies are increasingly utilized. However, comparative evidence on survival outcomes, particularly from developing countries, remains limited. To improve health outcomes, this study aimed to evaluate the survival outcomes of operative and non-operative management strategies for partial SBO at a tertiary referral hospital. A retrospective analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2025, using total sampling of medical records from patients with SBO treated at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, between January and December 2024. Inclusion criteria were adults (≥18 years) with mechanical SBO. Patients with non-mechanical obstruction, incomplete records, or prior treatment elsewhere were excluded. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26.0 with univariate and bivariate analyses. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. A total of 167 patients were included (mean age 50.60 ± 14.94 years; 52.1% female). Operative management was performed in 67.1% of cases, with a 9.6% conversion rate from non-operative methods. The average hospital stay was 11.46 ± 8.36 days. Overall survival was 65.9%, with 67.9% in the operative group and 61.8% in the non-operative group (p = 0.489). Both management strategies resulted in clinical improvement, with no significant difference in survival outcomes.
TRANSFORMING VISION: LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF RIGID GAS PERMEABLE CONTACT LENS THERAPY IN ANISOMETROPIC AMBLYOPIA Aritonang, Christina; Fauzia, Sarah; Mutiani, Zafirah; Yaacob, Hafiza Izyani; Kamaruddin, Muhammad Irfan
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Amblyopia is defined as a unilateral or bilateral reduction in visual acuity resulting from abnormal binocular interaction during the critical period of visual development. Amblyopia is classified into three etiologies: strabismus, refractive amblyopia, and other vision obstructions. Amblyopia refractive is the most common form resulting from the integration of the retina. Amblyopia is most prevalent in childhood, with a global prevalence of 1.44% mainly in Asia, the United States, and Europe. Early detection and treatment are crucial to ensure proper visual development and prevent long-term vision problems. RGP contact lenses are an alternative treatment method that creates a more effective treatment compared to wearing glasses in amblyopia caused by anisometropia. The case series rivet around young adolescents with amblyopia anisometropia, focusing on the use of RGP contact lenses and the great outcome of visual acuity which improve quality of life.

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