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Journal of International Relations Studies
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Core Subject : Education,
Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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Articles 609 Documents
Pengaruh Perkembangan Kota Singapura terhadap Angka Pengungkapan Penyelundupan Barang Palsu di Pelabuhan PSA Singapura Ariobowo, Mahadika; Putranti, Ika Riswanti; Farabi, Nadia
Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

This research is aiming to know the impact of the implementation of ACFTA, such as the raising of trade activity in PSA Singapore and the raising of illicit counterfeit goods in PSA Singapore, as well as to know the cause of its problems. In this research, Statistic Criminal Theory used to determine the relation between Illicit Counterfeit Goods with City Development of Singapore. The method of this research is explanative by appointing one problem and focusing on the cause of the problem. The outcome of the research is that there is a relation between the illicit counterfeit goods with trade agreement and the city development of Singapore with the use of City Development Index from UN-HABITAT 1998 as a measurement. This research also found that the more developed and advanced a city, the more vulnerable a city would be towards criminality.
RESTRUKTURISASI KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI FILIPINA: UPAYA PRESIDEN RODRIGO DUTERTE UNTUK MENGAKHIRI DEPENDENSI KE AMERIKA SERIKAT Rahman, Dzulfiqar Fathur; Rosyidin, Mohamad
Journal of International Relations Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Under President Rodrigo Duterte, Philippines pursues the so-called independent foreign policy that’s associated with the decline in its special relationship with the United States. By conducting a case study based on the theory of foreign policy restructuring, this research seeks to explain why the Philippines undertake foreign policy change in a dramatic and fundamental manner. Following Holsti, this research argues that the Philippines’ foreign policy restructuring is a response to non-military threat. The United States’ interference in Duterte’s anti-drug campaign and South China Sea (or SCS) policy constitutes such threat. This research finds that non-military threat led the Philippines to restructure its foreign policy that undermines its bilateral relations with the United States, while improving its relations with non-traditional state partners such as China and Russia.
4. SUPERIOTAS NEGARA ATAS ORGANISASI INTERNASIONAL: KEGAGALAN KERJA SAMA UNODC – MYANMAR DALAM MENANGANI PRODUKSI OPIUM PERIODE 2006-2013 Oktavia, Medyna; Susiatiningsih, Hermini; Farabi, Nadia
Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Myanmar is the second biggest producer of opium in the world after Afghanistan. Opiumproduction in Myanmar is taking place in Golden Triangle region where is vulnerable topoverty and armed conflict. Although poppy cultivation and opium production has beendeclared illegal by the Government through Act of 1974, most society still commit thecrime. On the other hand, UNODC has established cooperation with Myanmar since 2002but failed to reduce the number of opium production. The cooperation has resulted inseveral policies such as International Crop Monitoring Program and AlternativeDevelopment. Implementation of these policies lose ground due to the increase in opiumproduction. This study tries to analyze the causes of the failure of cooperation using realistapproach combined with evaluative framework borrowed from public administration. Thisstudy argues that UNODC has no bargaining power towards Myanmar so it failed to forceMyanmar comply the agreement. In addition, the failure also caused by conflict of interestbetween both parties while in implementing the agreement.
Kebijakan PNG Solutions dalam Menangani Pengungsi dan Pencari Suaka di Australia Periode Kevin Rudd Tamba, Rolas Sauriana; Putranti, Ika Riswanti; Basith Dir, Andi Akhmad
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 2, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Australia is a country that has ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention. However, during the regime of Prime Minister Kevin Rudd in 2013, Kevin Rudd released a tough policy against refugees and asylum seekers who came to Australia called the PNG Solution policy. PNG Solution is a policy provide that every refugee and asylum seeker arriving without a passport or visa, using a ship, will not resettle in Australia. They will be resettled in Papua New Guinea. This research will explain, the reasons of Australia, create the PNG Solutions policy, against refugees and asylum seekers in Australia. Qualitative research method, with explanative type, used in this research to discuss the policy of PNG Solution and the factors drive in determining the policy. Meanwhile, the concept used to explain in this research is concept of Foreign Policy Analysis, that is Internal and External Setting from Richard Synder, Bruck and Sapin. Data were collected using official government literature and archive studies. The results show that, internal factors are Labors Party, the situational characteristics of Australia, and public opinion is more dominant in Australian foreign policy. Meanwhile, the external factors, have no influence in decision making.
KENDALA EKSISTENSI REZIM: IMPLEMENTASI DJIBOUTI CODE OF CONDUCT DALAM MENANGGULANGI PEROMPAK SOMALIA DI SAMUDERA HINDIA BARAT DAN TELUK ADEN PADA TAHUN 2011 Swastika, Mayora Bunga; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko; Susetianingsih, Hermini
Journal of International Relations Volume 1, Nomor 2, Tahun 2015
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Piracy is an important issue as it is a threat to maritime security.Somali pirate attacks in the Western Indian Ocean and Gulf of Adenare not only disturbing maritime security, but also causing the actuallosses for piracy victims. International Maritime Organizationformed Djibouti Code of Conduct which was signed by twentycountries in the region. Djibouti Code of Conduct has beenimplemented since 29 January 2009. By 2011, the number of somalipirate attacks in the Western Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden hasincreased from the previous years. Explanative type is used in thisresearch to explain the causes of significant increase in somalipirates attacks when the Djibouti Code of Conduct does exist. Theresult shows there are constraints on Djibouti Code of Conductexistence, namely there is no common interest and the absence ofbenign hegemon.
Analisis Sekuritisasi Uni Eropa terhadap Citizenship by Investment Program Budi Sutrisno, Kharisma Fatiratri; Paramasatya, Satwika
Journal of International Relations Volume 5, Nomor 3, Tahun 2019
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Many countries in the world run Citizenship by Investment Programs (CIP) including European Union member countries, namely Bulgaria, Cyprus and Malta. CIP can open opportunities for financial crimes such as money laundering, corruption and tax fraud. In the European Union itself this raises more problems when the rules relating to granting citizenship in the European Union stating that every citizen of an EU member state is an EU citizen. Therefore, the European Union carries out a securitization policy towards CIP. This study aims to explain the securitization process that has been carried out through the concept of securitization from Copenhagen School and Amitav Acharya's modified model framework which consists of six elements namely issue area, securitizing actors, security concept, process, outcome and conditions affecting securitization. The result showed that the European Union's securitization process on the issue of Citizenship by Investment Program had run quite well but there were obstacles. These obstacles are the prerogative of the state in granting and losing citizenship also the existence of desecuritization actors
2. KEJAHATAN PERANG AZOV BATTALION DALAM KONFLIK RUSIA-UKRAINA 2014: PERSPEKTIF KONSTRUKTIVIS Fadhlurrakhman, Faiz; Windiani, Reni; Rosyidin, Mohamad
Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 1, Tahun 2017
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Russian-Ukrainian Conflict created unfortunate war crime actions led by Ukrainianvoluntary battalion, one of them was Azov Battalion. The crimes included underagemilitary recruitment, planned civilian attacks, and also torturing war prisoners. Thisresearch analyzed the war crimes of Azov Battalion using the perspective of Constructivisttheory of International Relations. The result of the research showed that Azov Battalion’swar crimes occurred due to identity factor and culture of organization. Different identitybetween pro-Ukrainian government in which Azov included inside and pro-Russianseparatist became the main reason for Azov Battalion to execute the crimes. Aside fromidentity, culture of organization which interpreting separatist as opponent while AzovBattalion in the other hand interpreted themselves as Ukrainian hero due to theirultranationalist ideology. The ideology of “The Idea of the Nation” formingultranationalist scheme to support the crime and create offensive culture in ATO operation.
Implikasi Perselisihan Amerika Serikat dengan Rusia terhadap Konflik Suriah Arum, Andriani Dyah; Windiani, Reni
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 3, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The Syrian conflict is an armed conflict between the Syrian Government and its oppositionthat emerged in March 2011. This conflict has caused enormous numbers of casualties andis still unresolved. This research aims to describe a brief history of Syrian Conflict, thecomplexity of US and Russia involvements in the conflict that tends to have confrontationpattern of offensive realism, and the implications of the confrontation. This research usesqualitative methods and uses secondary and primary data sources. The results of thisresearch shows that the implications of confrontation between two superpowers (US andRussia) to Syrian Conflict resettlement process are; limiting the performance of the ISSGas a facilitator of negotiations, making the search for solutions and conflict resolutionprocess by UN in Syria deadlocked which leads to the emergence of injustice againstperpetrators of war crimes.
EVALUASI KERJA SAMA TIONGKOK – MYANMAR DALAM MENANGANI PERDAGANGAN PEREMPUAN PADA 2008 – 2013 Widowati, Arie; Susitianingsih, Hermini; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 1, Tahun 2016
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Women trafficking is one of international crimes which keeps increasing by thenumber of the cases and also the victims. One of the examples is trafficking inwomen that happens in China and Myanmar. In order to tackle the crime, bothcountries enacted a cooperation in 2007, considering that the crime takesplace across both national borders. Thus the purpose of this research is to givean explanation regarding this phenomenon over the period 2008 – 2013. Inorder to identify the linkage between the two variables, Kenneth Waltz’s theoryof international cooperation is applied as well as the concept of security whichencompasses ‘high politics’ and ‘low politics’ (Kenneth Waltz and Ripsman).This research results in a conclusion that the increase of trafficking in womencases during that period was due to lack of efforts and implementation ofcooperation which were of both countries. Moreover, the issue of trafficking inwomen being put into the ‘low politics’ sector instead of ‘high politics’ resultedin low urgency which also affected this phenomenon.
Cyber Terrorism: Strategi Propaganda dan Rekrutmen ISIS di Internet Dan Dampaknya Bagi Indonesia Tahun 2014-2019 Putri, Santi Dwi; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 5, Nomor 4, Tahun 2019
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

In a world runs by the use of technology, ISIS combines its radical interpretation ofIslam with the modernity of the internet and social media to expand its influences that havenever been reached by other extremist groups. Refers to social cognitive theory and theconcept of supernova by Thomas L.Friedman, this study finds further indicator of therelationship between internet and individual’s radicalization, and aims to answer aquestion; How ISIS spreads its ideology and recruits their members by using online mediaplatform especially in Indonesia?. In order to answer the research question, the author usesqualitative research method using observation technique and interviews the former ISISradicals who would add perspectives on how Internet changes and makes their radicalizationprocess. This phenomenom by ISIS classified as a Cyberterrorism, especially HybridCyberterrorism, which means the use of the Internet for activities such as propaganda,recruitment, radicalization, communication, training, and planning for actual terroristattacks.