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Journal of International Relations Studies
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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Articles 609 Documents
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STRATEGI INDONESIA – RRT DALAM MEMBERANTAS ILLEGAL LOGGING TAHUN 2009 – 2014 Febrianto, Gigih Dhana; Utomo, Tri Cahyo
Journal of International Relations Volume 5, Nomor 2, Tahun 2019
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Illegal logging is an environmental issue and to handle it, cooperation is needed, this research aims to describe the implementation of cooperation between Indonesia and Tiongkok in dealing with illegal logging in 2009-2014. On 15 September 2010, Memorandum of Understanding was formed Between the Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia and the State Forestry Administration of the People's Republic of China concerning Cooperation in the Forestry Sector. The research, using qualitative method. This research using Liberalism theory. Illegal logging is the ineffectiveness of the implementation of the MoU that has been agreed to by both countries, this case happened because demand of wood in Tiongkok. The high demand from China has an impact on illegal logging cases in Indonesia. So wood supply from Indonesia is very much needed. Therefore, illegal timber smuggled from Indonesia is still high in Tiongkok, although the numbers are volatile
16. ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENGHAMBAT RATIFIKASI PORT STATE MEASURES AGREEMENT OLEH INDONESIA PERIODE 2009-2014 Alghifari, Fadhil; Utomo, Tri Cahyo; Puspapertiwi, Sheiffi
Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Indonesia, the world's largest archipelago, is known for its rich marine biodiversity andresources. The vast area, however, is difficult to monitor, which give rise to illegalactivities. IUU fishing costs the country 30 trillion rupiah annually. Indonesia remainscommitted to completely eradicate illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishingactivities through international forum such as FAO. FAO's Port State Measures Agreement(PSMA) 2009 is a testament of commitment from the international community inaddressing IUU fishing by strengthening the role of state port. However, five years afterthe inception of the Agreement, Indonesia's effort in commiting and complying with theAgreement were hampered by several factors. This study is aimed to explain the obstaclesfaced by Indonesia in the process of PSMA’s ratification. Therefore, it enables the countryto conduct unilateral measure in fighting IUU fishing namely the “vessel drowning” policywith its current capabilities, available resources, and national interest. These two premisescontribute to the slow process of PSMA’s ratification. This research utilized descriptiveanalyticalmethod in attempt to answer the research question. Based on wide range data,study cases, and the theoretical framework, this study found that the use of Realismparadigm and Oona Hathaway’s integrated theory of International Law could best explainthe hindrances faced by Indonesia in fulfiling the requirements of PSMA 2009, whichhinders the progress of its ratification. This suggests that Indonesian government wouldserve its very best interest solely for the state and its survival in deterring, preventing, andeliminating IUU fishing. Thus, it sets aside the state’s desire and importance in complyingand committing to international norms.
Kepatuhan Negara-Negara ASEAN untuk Tidak Campur Tangan dalam Menangani Persekusi Etnis Rohingya di Myanmar Indra, Erizon; Utomo, Tri Cahyo
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 3, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Rohingya ethnic persecution case became the focus of the international community,especially ASEAN. The persecution suffered by the Rohingyas included murder, rape andarson. This makes the ASEAN countries are expected to take concrete action in resolvingthis conflict. In carrying out the organizational functions, ASEAN countries collide withthe principle of non-intervention adopted by ASEAN. This study aims to determine theprofile and capacity of ASEAN in addressing the conflicts that occurred in Myanmar. Thisresearch uses compliance theory and international organization in understanding theattitude of ASEAN countries in following up the Rohingya ethnic persecution case. Indealing with the Rohingya crisis, ASEAN was unable to apply strict sanctions as it relatesto the principle of non-intervention which turned out to be a form of resistance for ASEANto be able to resolve the political and security issues strictly. This is what makes theproblem vulnerable to recurrence. The result of this research shows that ASEAN putforward the peaceful road map and third party mediation in resolving conflict. Inaddressing the Rohingya crisis, ASEAN uses other measures and efforts of humanitariandiplomacy.
PENGADOPSIAN KEBIJAKAN DEKRIMINALISASI ILLICIT DRUGS FOR PERSONAL USE DI PORTUGAL OLEH UNODC Ramadhani, Valentina Dea; Utomo, Tri Cahyo; Paramasatya, Satwika
Journal of International Relations Volume 1, Nomor 2, Tahun 2015
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Drugs abuse is a criminal act which cause harm to state’s health,social and economy circumstances. So far, United Nation on Drugsand Crime (UNODC) drugs policy tend to do law enforcement andoperations to stifle drug supply. Portugal raise a different policy in2001 where drug use is no longer a crime act and only consider asadministrative offences. It show positive result and they try to promoteit into the Commission in Narcotic Drugs (CND). Using liberalinstitutionalism and global public policy theory, this research tries toanalyze the process of global policy adoption to challenge drugsabuse. It seeks to describe what kind of global policy adoption happenin CND is and the process in adopting national policy into globalpolicy. As the result, UNODC did not fully adopting Portugal’s drugsdecriminalization policy. But, Portugal and European Union’s role inpolitical process in CND earn policy adoption to the importance ofaccess to rehabilitation and treatment for drug users as a strategy tochallenge drug abuse.
Psychoanalytical Approach to Transnational Money Laundering Utilizing Japanese Mobile Online Games with Gacha System: A Forecasting Study Pramanta, Rio Akbar; Utomo, Tri Cahyo
Journal of International Relations Volume 5, Nomor 4, Tahun 2019
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The problems to face money laundering acts are the methods which the criminals are usingthat keeps on changing and improving along with the development of modern technology.While law enforcement mostly trying to prevent it by tampering by the technology used, thereis a blind spot where there exists the reason of why and how the crime was possible in the firstplace. Some even neglected and underestimated by the authorities because of how the societyviews it in general, this is the recklessness the criminals can exploit. While money launderingutilizing Online Games, moreover with a Gacha system may sounds as bizarre as it is, it canbe done and this article is intended to explain the what, why, who, and how of it. Using theLacanian Psychoanalysis as a problem dissecting tool, the key here is to explain what makesthe condition and environment where such crime is possible, involving the Otaku Subculturepart of society in Japan and Indonesia, the companies behind it, and the Mobile Online Gamesitself. This article is forecasting the problems that will emerges concerning the crime of moneylaundering and its methods.
14. Implementasi Rezim Internasional Konvensi Basel Terkait Aliran Ilegal Limbah Elektronik atau Electronic Waste (E-Waste) dari Uni Eropa Ke Cina Tahun 2003-2015 Retnaningtias, Melani; Windiani, Reni; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 1, Tahun 2017
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Electronic waste illegal flow is an emerging environmental crime due to the developmentof market and technology. This crime mostly caused by strong economic motive andusually take place from developed to developing country. This research focused on theimplementation of Basel Convention as an international environmental regime combatingelectronic waste illegal flow with a case study from the European Union to China in 2003-2015. Basel Convention has been implemented by both parties on August 15, 2002 forChina, and 2003 for the European Union. Although have been ratified and implemented byboth parties, the data shows that electronic waste illegal flows remains occurred. Thisresearch aims to analyze the causative factors of electronic waste illegal flows under BaselConvention. Explanative research is used to explain the correlation between variables toexplicate the causative factors. This research using regime theory with a constructivistapproach as analytical tools. The result indicates that there is a cultural contestation existsas one of the causative factors that explain the aims of Basel Convention can not beachieved. Another result shows that the contribution of epistemic community is not highlysignificant due to another variable that is considered more important, which is economicvariable.
Konsep Negosiasi dalam Konflik Transnasional Studi Kasus: Pemerintah Indonesia dan PTTEP Australasia dalam Insiden Kilang Minyak Montara 2009-2012 Deyastrie, Khania; Windiani, Reni
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 4, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

On 21st August 2009 blow up occur at Montara Platform belong to PTTEP Australasia. This research aims to explain step-by-step prosecution claim negotiation on Montara Platform Incident from the incident occur until 2012 thru non-court lines. By using G.R. Berridge negotiation concept theory and comparing it to the field discovery, research found that PTTEP Australasia find ways to postpone finalizing the deal in MoU Dual Track in order to avoid responsibilities on Montara case. PTTEP Australasia also hide behind PTT Public Company Limited and Thailand’s Government from Indonesia’s claim. In the other hand Government of Indonesia also have strategies gain agreement by using publication, Neutral Committee, deadline, and continuous meeting to keep negotiation momentum even tough by the end of negotiation MoU dual track left floating without final agreement nor approval signatures.
Implementasi United Nations Trafficking Protocol oleh Pemerintah India dalam Menangani Perdagangan Organ Tubuh Manusia di India Panatasari, Panatasari; Wahyudi, Fendy Eko
Journal of International Relations Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2020
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Since 2011 the Indian government has shown its efforts in complying with the Trafficking Protocol by implementing Transplantation Human Organ Act to curb organ trafficking. But this has not been effective because in reality, there is still human organ trafficking in India. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the factors that make handling the crime still ineffective. In order to analyze the cause of organ trafficking in India, the author uses qualitative method with the theory of compliance by Ronald B. Mitchell. Data collected by conducting a literature review. This study finds that organ trafficking in India still occur because the absence of changes in behavior both in the ranks of government agencies and among the community. The driving factor is due to administrative incapacity. Centralized and independent administrative deficiencies in the handling of trafficking in human organs cause organ trafficking still occur in India.
4. Relasi Bisnis dan Politik: Studi Kasus Gejala Krisis Air Bersih di Badung Selatan, Bali Anggun Saputri, Kadek Naraiswari; Susiatiningsih, Hermini; Pertiwi, Sheiffi Puspa
Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 3, Tahun 2017
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Massive development of tourism accommodation in South Badung have caused water crisis indication which can threaten human security of local society. Water crisis indication is one of critical issue in environmental security. However, there is no joint effort between host government and hotel chain to overcome this problem. This research is aimed to explain why there is no joint effort between host government and hotel chain. This research uses Neo-Marxism and Human Security. Neo-Marxism explains the dependency of developing countries over developed countries investment through MNCs, including in tourism sector by hotel chain. Furthermore, Human Security is used to explain the effect of tourism development over water crisis indication as a serious threat for local society. The result of this research shows that politics and CSR preference are the causative factors. Although most of hotel chain’s CSR are charity that evoke skepticism, hotel chain should have been held responsible to help host government in overcoming water crisis indication in South Badung. 
Kepentingan Negara dalam Peacekeeping Operations PBB di Darfur tahun 2008-2017 Sari, Nindya Kartika; Windiani, Reni
Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 4, Tahun 2018
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The conflict in Darfur broke out in 2003 which was accompanied by a series of crimes against humanity that threatened civilians in Darfur, in 2007 the UN passed a resolution containing a deployment of the UN's hybrid peacekeeping mission join forces with the African Union called UNAMID, which until 2017 UNAMID failed in carrying out its mission. This study aims to analyze the causes of Peacekeeping Operations failures in Darfur in the range of 2008-2017, this research uses Realism theory to explain the concept of state interests that are the cause of failure in Peacekeeping Operations in Darfur, the results of this study indicate UNAMID's failures caused by the UN's lack of political will and the lack of attention from UN Security Council member countries such as the US, UK, and France in imposing strict sanctions and policies on Sudan as perpetrators of humanitarian crimes in Darfur, the results also indicate the interests of other UNSC members as the reason of failure in UNAMID, namely Russia and China which support the government of Sudan and they often sabotaged the peace mission process in Darfur, which the UN does not take firm action against.

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