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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Morphological Study of the Heart of the Indonesian Short-Nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus titthaecheilus) Anisa Rahma; Desrayni Hanadhita; Andhika Yudha Prawira; SUPRATIKNO KASMONO; HERA MAHESHWARI; Aryani Sismin Satyanintijas; Srihadi Agungpriyono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211114

Abstract

Abstract. Rahma A, Hanadhita D, Prawira AY, Kasmono S, Maheshwari H, Satyaningtijas AS, Agungpriyono S. 2020. Morphological study of the heart of the Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus titthaecheilus Temminck, 1825). Biodiversitas 21: 5094-5101. The energy demand of an animal becomes an important factor that affects the adaptation of cardiac or heart anatomy. As the largest Cynopterus bat in Indonesia, Cynopterus titthaecheilus (Temminck, 1825) is one of the flying mammals that need a lot of energy to accommodate its flying activity. This study aims to acknowledge the anatomical adaptation of the heart in C.titthaecheilus, which includes the weight ratio of the heart, heart structure, and primary blood vessel branches. This study conducted of 10 juvenile C. titthaecheilus (56.15±13.43 g), 13 females (74.38±10.34 g), and 18 males (73.27±13.54 g). Bats ware killed by ketamine overdoses, then the thoracic cavity was opened and the heart was removed from the thoracic cavity for observation. The results of this study revealed that the ratio of heart mass to body mass of adult female C. titthaecheilus was 0.014, male adult C. titthaecheilus was 0.015 and juvenile C. titthaecheilus was 0.015. The heart-shaped was an oval, located in the thoracic cavity, tilted to the left. On the other hand, the heart structure of C. titthaecheilus consisted of a thicker left ventricle compared to the right ventricle, but the musculi pectinati, musculus papillaris, and trabecula septomarginalis were well developed on the right side of the heart compared to the left side. Subsequently, the branches of the primary blood vessels in the heart consisted of an aortae ascendens, three arteria pulmonalis dextra and one arteria pulmonalis sinistra, a vena pulmonalis, the vena cava anterior dextra et sinistra, and a single vena cava posterior. In addition, the conus arteriosus, which is an enlarged space of the pulmonary artery, was observed in a large size. Based on this study, it was concluded that the heart structure of C. titthaecheilus was very important in supporting their ability to fly.
Short Communication: The fruit plant species diversity in the home gardens and their contribution to the livelihood of communities in rural area Elfrida ELFRIDA; Albian Mubarak; Adi Bejo Suwardi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210833

Abstract

Abstract. Elfrida, Mubarak A, Suwardi AB. 2020. Short Communication: The fruit plant species diversity in the home gardens and their contribution to the livelihood of rural communities in Tenggulun Sub-district, Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3670-3675. Home gardens have a significant potential to improve food security and offer a contribution to household income for communities in rural areas. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of fruit plant species in the home gardens and their contribution to the livelihood of rural communities in Tenggulun Sub-district, Indonesia. The study was conducted in three villages of Tenggulun Sub-district, Aceh Tamiang District, namely Tenggulun, Selamat, and Simpang Kiri. Extensive field surveys, plant collections, and interviews with local communities were conducted, involving 350 households, using random sampling methods. A total of 39 fruit plant species consisting of 23 genera and 17 families were recorded at the three villages. Sixteen species, i.e., A. muricata, A. jiringa, Artocarpus integer, Averrhoa bilimbi, Baccaurea motleyana, Carica papaya, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus hystrix, Garcinia mangostana, Mangifera indica, Manilkara zapota, Musa x paradisiaca, Nephelium lappaceum, Psidium guajava, Spondias pinnata, and Syzygium aqueum were the most frequently recorded in all of the villages. In addition to being used as food, the fruit plants in the study area were also used as medicines, fodder, fuelwood, and household items. The fruit plant species have a significant role in supporting household livelihoods to improve food security and potentially offer a household income for the rural community in the study area.
Effects of fish cage culture on macrobenthic communities in a subtropical river NUSRAT JAHAN TANIA; M. BELAL HOSSAIN; Ahasan Habib; NAJIAH MUSA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210822

Abstract

Abstract. Tania NJ, Hossain MB, Habib, A, Musa N. 2020. Effects of fish cage culture on macrobenthic communities in a subtropical river. Biodiversitas 21: 3583-3589. The present study described the impact of freshwater fish cage culture on macrobenthic faunal assemblages in the Dakatia River, Chandpur, Bangladesh. The experimental design involved the establishment of four stations in two study sites, two stations near the culture area, and two stations away from culture area. A total of 23 macrobenthic taxa belonging to annelids, molluscs, arthropods, and other minor phyla were recorded from study sites. Oligochaetes were found to be dominant at all four stations composing 42.34% of the total macrobenthos. Pollution indicator benthic organisms i.e., Naididae (30.32%), Tubificidae (20.16%), and Chironomidae (3.54%) were found most in the cage culture area. The density of benthic macrofauna was higher (28,134 inds./m²) in the cage culture site than the non-cage culture site (4,358 inds./m²) due to high abundance of certain pollution tolerant species. However, the values of diversity indices i.e., Species Richness (SR), Shannon-Wiener (S-W) diversity (H´), Pielou’s evenness (E), and Margalef (J) were consistently higher in non-cage culture area than the cage culture area. One-way ANOVA showed no significant variation (P > 0.05) in diversity values between the sites. The results of the present study revealed effects of cage culture on the abundance, diversity, and composition of benthic macrofauna.
Response of parasitoids to invasive pest Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cassava crop in Bali, Indonesia I WAYAN SUPARTHA; I KADEK WISMA YUDHA; PUTU ANGGA WIRADANA; I WAYAN SUSILA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211011

Abstract

Abstract. Supartha IW, Yudha IKW, Wiradana PA, Susila IW. 2020. Response of parasitoids to invasive pest Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cassava crop in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4543-4549. Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive pest that entered Indonesia in 2010 and attacks cassava plants, especially in Bali Province. This study aimed to identify species and establish the population distribution mapping, community structures (diversity, abundance, and dominance), and parasitization rate on cassava crops in Bali. This study conducted with a field observation method by taking infested shoots of cassava plants by P. manihoti purposively in the field. The cassava mealybug that was present in the leaves or shoots were kept in the laboratory until the parasitoid appeared. The results showed that four species of parasitoids were found to respond to invasive pest, namely Anagyrus lopezi (Encyrtidae), Acerophagus sp. (Encyrtidae), Blepyrus sp. (Encyrtidae) and Encarsia sp. (Aphelinidae). Structurally the parasitoid community had a low abundance (R1 = 0.50–0.87) and low diversity index value (H'= 0.27-0.28). While the parasitoid dominance index was in the moderate category with a value D = 0.33–0.59 in Bangli, Klungkung, Badung, Tabanan, and Buleleng Districts. But it had high dominance index values in Gianyar, Denpasar, Jembrana, and Karangasem Districts with a value D = 0.62-0.72. The three species of parasitoid spread evenly in all districts and cities in Bali according to the host distribution map, namely P. manihoti on cassava crop. The four parasitoids showed varying parasitic levels in the field with the highest parasitization rate was A. lopezi followed by Acerophagus sp., Blepyrus sp., and Encarsia sp.
Maximum entropy modeling for the conservation of Hopea odorata in riparian forests, central Thailand LAMTHAI ASANOK; TORLARP KAMYO; DOKRAK MAROD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211027

Abstract

Abstract. Asanok L, Kamyo T, Marod D. 2020. Maximum entropy modeling for the conservation of Hopea odorata in riparian forests, central Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 4663-4670. Hopea odorata plays a dominant role in both ecologically and economically in Thailand. We analyzed potentially suitable areas for H. odorata in the riparian zone of the Chao Phraya River using the software MaxEnt. Modeling included 164 occurrence records along with 19 climate-related variables, slope, aspect, and elevation. Precipitation was the key climatic variable influencing the distribution of H. odorata. Riparian areas along the Chao Phraya that were predicted to be highly suitable for this species were located in the provinces of Nakhon Sawan, Ang Thong, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, and Bangkok. The ROC AUC score was 0.891, indicating that MaxEnt is an excellent tool for predicting suitable regions for the restoration or cultivation of commercially and ecologically valuable species such as H. odorata. Models such as what we have presented here can facilitate habitat conservation and sustainable resource use for rare and important plants.
Growth performance and nutritional quality enrichment of Phronima pacifica by Chlorella vulgaris and Chaetoceros calcitrans as natural feed Vivi Endar Herawati; Zumalallail Nailulmuna; Nurmanita Rismaningsih; Johannes Hutabarat; Pinandoyo Pinandoyo; Tita Elfitasari; PUTUT HAR RIYADI; Ocky Karna Radjasa
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210942

Abstract

Abstract. Herawati VE, Nailulmuna Z, Rismaningsih N, Hutabarat J, Pinandoyo, Elfitasari T, Riyadi PH, Radjasa OK. 2020. Growth performance and nutritional quality enrichment of Phronima pacifica by Chlorella vulgaris and Chaetoceros calcitrans as natural feed. Biodiversitas 21: 4253-4259. Phronima pacifica as a natural feed has the potential to replace Artemia sp. because of its high nutritional content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different types of feed for P. pacifica during its culture on its population density, growth rate, and nutritional content because of its potential use as a natural feed for fish. The test animals in this study consisted of P. pacifica at a stocking density of 3 ind/L, which were cultured for 18 d. Then, Chlorella vulgaris and Chaetoceros calcitrans were introduced as enrichment feed for P. pacifica. This study used a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments were as follows: A (100% Chlorella vulgaris), B (100% Chaetoceros calcitrans), and C (50% Chlorella vulgaris and 50% Chaetoceros calcitrans). The results showed that treatment increased the population density of P. pacifica by up to 54.67 ± 0.0038 ind/L by the 12th day. Based on the results of proximate analysis for amino acid and fatty acid profiles, the highest values for proteins and fats were in P. pacifica enriched with Chlorella vulgaris (A) and consisted of 45.45% protein, 7.57% fat, 5.95% eicosapentaenoic acid, and 39.23% lysine. Based on an ANOVA, feeding of P. pacifica with Chlorella vulgaris and Chaetoceros calcitrans had a significant effect on population density, relative growth rate, biomass production, and nutrient value of proteins and fats of P. pacifica (P < 0.05). The best results, including population density, growth rate, weight of biomass, and nutrient content of P. pacifica, occurred after feeding with Chlorella vulgaris.
Assessment of soil quality parameters and yield of rice cultivars in Melaleuca cajuputi agroforestry system Priyono Suryanto; Taryono TARYONO; Supriyanta SUPRIYANTA; Dody Kastono; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra; Suci Handayani; MUHAMMAD HABIB WIDYAWAN; Taufan Alam
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210807

Abstract

Abstract. Suryanto P, Taryono, Supriyanta, Kastono D, Putra ETS, Widyawan MH, Alam T. 2020. Assessment of soil quality parameters and yield of rice cultivars in Melaleuca cajuputi agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 21: 3463-3470.  Interactions between rice cultivars and soil quality parameters rises problems in the attempt of increasing rice yield. The objective of this study was to assess soil quality parameters that affect the yield of 15 rice cultivars in an agroforestry system of ‘kayu putih’ (Melaleuca cajuputi) situated in Menggoran forest, Yogyakarta, Indonesia which have three soil types namely Lithic Haplusterts, Ustic Epiaquerts, and Vertic Haplustalfs. The observation was conducted on 21 soil quality parameters and yield of rice cultivars. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA, factor analysis, and stepwise regression. The highest yield of rice per hectare was attained by GM 28 in Ustic Epiaquerts with 6.493 tons ha-1, while Situ Patenggang and GM 28 in Vertic Haplustalfs as high as5.549 and 5.401 tons ha-1, respectively, and Situ Patenggang in Lithic Haplusterts as high as 4.893 tons ha-1. Soil quality parameters that had significant effect on the yield of rice cultivars were Clay, SMC, pH, SOC, N, Mg, Fe, Fg, and Bae. We suggested that rice cultivars recommendations for Lithic Haplusterts, Ustic Epiaquerts, and Vertic Haplustalfs are Situ Patenggang, Situ Patenggang or GM 28, and GM 28, respectively, in addition to fertilization based on limiting factors of each rice cultivars.
Prope legitimate rootstocks determine the selection criteria for drought-tolerant cocoa Maera Zasari; Ade Wachjar; Agung Wahyu Susilo; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210918

Abstract

Abstract. Zasari M, Wachar A, Susilo AW, Sudarsono. 2020. Prope legitimate rootstocks determine the selection criteria for drought-tolerant cocoa. Biodiversitas 21: 4067-4075. Drought tolerant cocoa seedlings are needed for the success of cocoa cultivation under drought conditions. Prope legitimate rootstock is feasible to be used in the selection of drought-tolerant cocoa seedlings. This objective of this study was to determine the selection criteria and tolerance of prope legitimate cocoa rootstocks in response to drought stress. This study was conducted in the greenhouse of Kaliwining experimental garden, Indonesian Center for Coffee and Cocoa Research, Jember, Indonesia. Plant materials were arranged in a split-plot design with 2 factors and 6 replications. The main plot was the soil moisture content, i.e 100%, and 25%, while the subplots were 13 prope legitimate cocoa rootstocks. The result showed that root fresh weight was the best characters for the selection of drought tolerance in prope legitimate cocoa rootstock. Based on the value of stress susceptible index and clustering analysis divided the tested prope legitimate rootstock into two groups. The group for tolerant genotype was consisted of ICCRI 03, ICS 60, TSH 858, KKM 22, KW 641, KW 516, and MCC 02, while the sensitive genotype group was consisted of Sul 01, Sul 03, Sca 06, KEE 02, KW 617, and Sul 02.
Folk name and lore of birds from the Sundanese of West Java, Indonesia: An ethno-ornithological survey DEDE MULYANTO; JOHAN ISKANDAR; ALIYA MADANI; RIMBO GUNAWAN; Ruhyat Partasasmita
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210958

Abstract

Abstract. Mulyanto D, Iskandar J, Madani A, Gunawan R, Partasasmita R. 2020. Folk name and lore of birds from the Sundanese of West Java, Indonesia: An ethno-ornithological survey. Biodiversitas 21: 4384-4395. Since last time, research on birds in West Java had been undertaken by ornithologists. The ethnoornithology research, however, has been rarely employed. The study aims were to account for vernacular or folk names, folk classification, and folkloric birds based on case of the mountain people of Keratasari, West Java, Indonesia. The method in this study was qualitative with the ethnoornithological approach. The field data were collected by focus group discussion and deep interviews with informants of 12 groups of independent village people of four villages of Kertasari sub-district. The naming of collected data was by systematic elicitation of names from pictorial representations of birds and organized here to facilitate analysis of various aspects of folk taxonomy about the scientific one. Folklore about birds that were collected in natural contexts is also included to indicate the birds' role and their names in symbolic processes that exceed the limits of literal reference. The result of the study showed that it was recorded 222 bird species, representing 170 vernacular names, 93 of them were recorded by Koningsberger (1901-1909). The taxonomic and folkloric mode of knowledge in this paper presents that birds play important roles in villagers' lives of Sundanese people, particularly in the study area. Generally, birds have been an important role in socio-cultural aspects, including in folklore of Sundanese people who reside in rural mountain areas of West Java.
Estimation of bacterial number in the water, sediment and biofilm of Badek and Mewek River (Malang, Indonesia) using Plate Count and eDNA Method Devi Ulinuha; Sri Andayani; Asus Maizar Suryanto Hertika; Yuni Kilawati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210852

Abstract

Abstract. Ulinuha D, Andayani S, Hertika AMS, Kilawati Y. 2020. Estimation of bacterial number in the water, sediment, and biofilm of Badek and Mewek River (Malang, Indonesia) using Plate Count and eDNA Method. Biodiversitas 21: 3832-3836.  Several methods have been developed to quantify bacterial numbers in the environment, but the studies is still continued to provide the most effective and efficient method. This study was aimed to compare the capacities of two different methods (Plate Count and eDNA Method) to estimate the bacterial number in the water, sediment, and biofilm of Badek and Mewek River (Malang-Indonesia). The Plate Count Method was carried out on a Plate Count Agar (PCA) which was incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. The eDNA method was performed by slow agitation (1,800 rpm) to extract the environmental DNA of bacteria. Quantification of bacteria was obtained from the eDNA band intensity after electrophoresis in 1% gel agarose electrophoresis. Smartladder was used as a marker for the eDNA Method. The result showed that the eDNA Method was efficient for the estimation of bacterial numbers in the sediment and biofilm of Badek and Mewek River. However, this method was not suitable for estimating bacterial numbers in the water.

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