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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Bioactivity and metabolite profile of papaya (Carica papaya) seed extract MUHAMMAD ALFARABI; FORMAN ERWIN SIAGIAN; JAP MAI CING; TRINI SURYOWATI; TURHADI TURHADI; MICHELTHELIA SULIJAYA SUYONO; MONICA SYEFI FEBRIYANTI; FITRI BORU NAIBAHO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230926

Abstract

Abstract. Alfarabi M, Siagian FE, Cing JM, Suryowati T, Turhadi, Suyono MS, Febriyamti MS, Naibaho FB. 2022. Bioactivity and metabolite profile of papaya (Carica papaya) seed extract. Biodiversitas 23: 4589-4600. Papaya (Carica papaya) seeds are part of the papaya plant which is a source of organic waste. However, there are many scientific studies thatstate the metabolites found in papaya seeds have various benefits in medical aspects. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to examine the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of California and Bangkok type papaya seeds which are two local papaya types and widely consumed by the people of Indonesia. These papaya seeds'metabolite profiling was also conducted in this study therefore the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic mechanisms can be estimated. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method is used to investigate the antioxidant activity while 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) isused to investigate the cytotoxic effect of extract. Metabolites contained in papaya seeds were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-QTOF (LC-MS/MS-QTOF). The results showed that California and Bangkok papaya seed extracts had antioxidant activity with IC50being 24.4 ppm and 22.2 ppm, respectively. Both extracts were also able to inhibit the growth of cancer cells (MCF-7) and did not render any toxic effects on non-cancer cells at low concentrations. The metabolites contained in the two extracts were alkaloid, phenol hydrocarbon, flavonoid, fatty acid, and terpenoid groups. This study showed that papaya seeds have the potential to be further developed in medical field, especially as natural antioxidants and natural cancer-preventing ingredients.
Diversity and use of wild edible fruits in the Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, Kampar, Riau, Indonesia SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI; ERIZAL MUKHTAR; NURAINAS NURAINAS; ADI BEJO SUWARDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 10 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231009

Abstract

Abstract. Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E, Nurainas, Suwardi AB. 2022. Diversity and use of wild edible fruits in the Bukit Rimbang - Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, Kampar, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5035-5042. The Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve is a protected area with a diverse ecosystem and vegetation. The area provides many ecosystem services that are critical to life, particularly for humans. The aim of this study is to document wild edible fruits and their use by the community surrounding the Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve. The study was carried out in eight villages of Kampar district, Riau province, namely Tanjung Belit, Tanjung Belit Selatan, Gema, Kota Lama, Muara Bio, Muara Selayah, IV Koto Setingkai, and Sungai Rambai. This study was based on field surveys, plant collection, and interviews with the local people. Interviews were performed with 334 respondents selected by using the random sampling technique. A total of 67 wild edible fruit plant species, consisting of 29 families, have been documented in the study area. Artocarpus integer, Mangifera odorata, Mangifera foetida, Nephelium maingayi, Durio oxleyanus, Syzygium polyanthum, Pometia pinnata, Baccaurea deflexa, Garcinia xanthochymus, and Bellucia pentamera were among the plants recognized and frequently harvested by respondents. Local communities use wild edible fruits as food, either eaten raw or processed into candy, snacks, or vegetables. About 54% of the respondents reported traditional knowledge linked to wild edible fruits is transferred from the parents/grandparents to the next generations in the study area. The expansion of agricultural lands and the decline in traditional knowledge are the main threats to the sustainability of wild edible fruits in the study area.
Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of Begonia multangula based on atpB-rbcL non-coding spacer of cpDNA sequences TRI WARSENO; MUHAMMAD EFENDI; ABDUL RAZAQ CHASANI; BUDI SETIADI DARYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 10 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231061

Abstract

Abstract. Warseno T, Efendi M, Chasani AR, Daryono BS. 2022. Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of Begonia multangula based on atpB-rbcL non-coding spacer of cpDNA sequences. Biodiversitas 23: 5491-5501. Begonia (Begoniaceae) belongs to Section Platycentrum-Sphenanthera Group which has a wide distribution from Sumatra to the Lesser Sunda Islands and Sulawesi. Information on B. multangula genetic variability and intraspecies relationships based on molecular characters is critical for developing appropriate strategies in conservation biology, breeding activities, and many other applied fields. The genetic variability and interspecific relationships of B. multangula in Indonesia were investigated using sequence data from the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer (IGS) cpDNA regions. The atpB-rbcL IGS fragment was amplified using atpB-1 as the forward primer and rbcL-1 as the reversed primer. Genetic variations were found in the length of the sequence and nucleotide divergences in the atpB-rbcL IGS region. The genetic distance between 822 fixed sites ranged from 0 to 0.61%. Eighteen of the 822 sites (99.27%) analyzed were invariable, six sites (0,73%) were variable consisting of 4 singleton variable sites and two parsimony informative sites, and twelve sites were gaps. The phylogenetic relationships generated by B. multangula based on the atpB-rbcL IGS sequence analysis indicated the genetic variation and divided it into two clades. However, the clustering pattern of B. multangula specimens resulting from molecular analysis based on atpB-rbcL IGS sequences did not show the geographic clustering grouping pattern.
Monetary evaluation of supporting ecosystem services as a habitat provider for birds in Thailand urban park Arerut Yarnvudhi; Nisa Leksungnoen; Supalak Siri; Yuwadee Ponpithuk; Ronglarp Sukmasuang; Prateep Duengkae; Chattraphas Pongcharoen; Nantida Sutummawong; Dokrak Marod; Chongrak Wachrinrat; Aerwadee Premashthira; Pantana Tor-ngern; Santi Poungcharean; Sutheera Hermhuk; Panida Kachina
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230942

Abstract

Abstract. Yarnvudhi A, Leksungnoen N, Siri S, Ponpithuk Y, Sukmasuang R, Duengkae P, Pongcharoen C, Sutummawong N, Marod D, Wachrinrat C, Premashthira A, Tor-ngern P, Poungcharean S, Hermuk S, Kachina P. 2022. Monetary evaluation of supporting ecosystem services as a habitat provider for birds in Thailand urban park. Biodiversitas 23: 4747-4758. Supporting services are important services to maintain ecosystems by providing habitats for organisms and genetic diversity. In this study, the monetary value of supporting services for bird habitats in urban parks was evaluated based on the price for nursing each bird species and market value. Bird diversity was conducted using point count observation. We found total of 53 bird species, 27 families and 8 orders in the park. Total monetary benefit for bird habitats in this park was estimated to be around USD60,354.12 per individual bird with an average value of USD1,138.76 per bird per species. The top three species with the highest monetary value were the Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala), Asian Openbill (Anastomus oscitans), and Chinese Pond Heron (Ardeola bacchus). The species diversity index of the bird community (H') was 2.73 and the most abundant bird species were Eastern Spotted Dove (Spilopelia chinensis), Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus), Eastern jungle crow (Corvus levaillantii), Oriental magpie robin (Copsychus saularis), and Coppersmith Barbet (Psilopogon haemacephalus). Among 4 microhabitats, birds were found the most in the trees, followed by lawn, grassland, and wetland areas. The small urban parks should be designed with diverse microhabitats to provide various ecological functions to attract and ensure adequate resources for organisms.
Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Peronema canescens leaves ELFITA ELFITA; RIAN OKTIANSYAH; MARDIYANTO MARDIYANTO; HARY WIDJAJANTI; ARUM SETIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230946

Abstract

Abstract. Elfita, Oktiansyah R, Mardiyanto, Widjajanti H, Setiawan A. 2022. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Peronema canescens leaves. Biodiversitas 23: 4783-4792. Peronema canescens Jack. or sungkai is a plant found in tropical rainforests. Also known as Peronema heterophyllum Miq., it belongs to the Verbenaceae family and grows widely in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The local people believe that the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of its leaves increase immunity. Bioactivities of endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are currently of great interest due to their potential for development and use in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial fields. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of an extract of leaves from P. canescens host plant and compared them with those of extracts from an endophytic fungus. Antibacterial and antioxidant compounds derived from active extracts of endophytic fungi have the capability to be developed as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds equivalent to those of their host. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the fresh tissue of P. canescens leaves and identified morphologically. Their antibacterial activity was tested using the Kirby-Bauer method, and their antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method. The potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the endophytic fungi extracts were identified molecularly, and the compounds were isolated using column chromatography. A structural determination of the antibacterial and antioxidant compounds was conducted by spectroscopy involving NMR 1D and 2D. Twelve of the endophytic fungi were gained from the P. canescens leaves, namely RD1-RD12. The RD6 isolate showed the greatest potential for antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and its molecular identification was expressed as Penicillium oxalicum. The pure compound produced was a yellowish white solid with strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Based on an analysis of spectroscopy NMR 1D and 2D, compound I was identified as 3-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacrylic acid. The study demonstrated that endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants and functioning as antibacterial and antioxidant agents have the potential to produce compounds as strong as those of the host plant. These compounds represent a potential new source for antibacterials and antioxidants.
Morphological investigation of intestine structure of the Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica) Yuliastuti Yuliastuti; Andhika Yudha Prawira; Muhammad Risman Wahid; Chairun Nisa'; Srihadi Agungpriyono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230947

Abstract

Abstract. Yuliastuti, Prawira AY, Wahid ME, Nisa’ C, Agungpriyono S. 2022. Morphological investigation of intestine structure of the Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica). Biodiversitas 23: 4793-4799. The intestine is an important part of the digestive system, which plays a role in the enzymatic process of food and the absorption of nutrients for survival. Sunda porcupine is one of the wild and protected animals in Indonesia and belongs to the group of rodents that have hindgut fermenter characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the intestine structure of the Sunda porcupine as an important part of the digestive system. Three adults of Sunda porcupine were euthanized in accordance with ethical approval of the Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) of IPB University (No. 92-2018 IPB). Gross anatomy of the macrostructure and length of the intestine, as well as histology features, such as general structure and carbohydrate content using PAS and AB pH 2.5 staining method, were observed. The organ consisted of the small and large intestine, with the duodenal ampulla and large caecum as the prominent structure. In this study, body weight and length correlated positively to intestinal length. The histological observation showed the presence of Brunner’s gland in the duodenum and it has the highest villi compared to others, while villi was absent in the large intestine. Furthermore, the small intestine exhibited various intensities with PAS and AB stain, while the large intestine had strong intensity in the goblet cell. Brunner gland in duodenum demonstrated the moderate intensity of PAS stain compared to the goblet cell in the mucosa. This study provides information about the intestine structure of Sunda porcupine as the herbivore and hindgut fermenter
Cultural strategies of the local and transmigrant communities in dealing with land and forest fire disasters in West Kotawaringin District, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia DEWI SINTA; JOHAN ISKANDAR; BUDHI GUNAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230937

Abstract

Abstract. Sinta D, Iskandar J, Gunawan B. 2022. Cultural strategies of the local and transmigrant communities in dealing with land and forest fire disasters in West Kotawaringin District, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4705-4715. The Indonesian Province of Central Kalimantan has frequently faced catastrophic land and forest fire disasters in the last two decades. In 2015, the province experienced the most extensive land and forest fire disaster in Indonesia, causing severe ecological, economic, and socio-political problems. The villages of Baru and Kumpai Batu Bawah, located in South Arut Subdistrict, are included in the Priority Zone for Forest and Land Fire Disaster Management in West Kotawaringin District, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The two villages have been recognized as a high potential hazard and vulnerability to forest and land fires since 2015. This study aimed to compare the cultural strategies of the local communities of Baru Village with transmigrant communities of Kumpai Batu Bawah Village with distinctly different cultures in dealing with forest and land fires. The qualitative method was applied in this study. Several field techniques, including observation and semi-structured interviews or in-depth interviews with competent informants of local and transmigrant communities, were employed. The study showed that distinctive strategies were applied by two communities, based on the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and embedded with culture for dealing with land and forest fire disasters in the Central Kalimantan ecosystem. Some TEK and cultural factors, including ways of looking at nature, and knowledge related to the environment expressed in the form of behavior such as land management practices for agriculture with disaster mitigation were documented as predominant factors of both communities for dealing with land and forest fire disasters.
Anthropogenic implications for land cover changes and vegetation structure in coastal protected forest SYAIFUL EDDY; INKA DAHLIANAH; CONNY MASHITO; MAHARANI OKTAVIA; BUDI UTOMO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230913

Abstract

Abstract. Eddy S, Dahlianah I, Mashito C, Oktavia M, Utomo B. 2022. Anthropogenic implications for land cover changes and vegetation structure in coastal protected forest. Biodiversitas 23: 4473-4481. Anthropogenic activities in coastal areas have largely eliminated mangrove forest cover, including the Air Telang Protected Forest (ATPF). This study aims to analyze land cover changes in 2021 and the vegetation structure in ATPF which covers an area of ??approximately 12,660.87 ha. The method used in this study is a survey method with two stages of data collection, namely the collection of image data and vegetation data. Image data for 2021 was obtained from Landsat 8 Oli, while vegetation data were collected through the identification of plant species and quantitative analysis through the calculation of the Important Value Index (IVI) and the Shannon Diversity Index (H?). The results of this study show that there has been deforestation in ATPF by 66.4% until 2021 due to land conversion into coconut plantations, oil palm plantations and open areas. The number of plant species obtained was 20 species consisting of seven true mangrove species and 13 associated mangrove species. The diversity index ranges from 0.00 to 0.62 which is included in the low category.
Growth patterns of captive painted terrapins Batagur borneoensis in the Aceh Province, Indonesia Abdul Latif Mawardi; Teuku Hadi Wibowo Atmaja; Tri Mustika Sarjani; Muhammad Khalil; Muhammad Ali Sarong; Yusriono Yusriono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230956

Abstract

Abstract. Mawardi AL, Atmaja THW, Sarjani TM, Khalil M, Sarong MA, Yusriono. 2022. Growth patterns of captive painted terrapins Batagur borneoensis in the Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4872-4878. Painted terrapin is one of the endemic animal species found only in Indonesia and Malaysia. These animals live in very wide waters, which include rivers, mangroves and coastal areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth pattern of Batagur borneoensis at the Marine Tuntong Education and Conservation Center, Satucita Lestari Indonesia Foundation, Aceh Province. The study used a survey method with data collection techniques by direct observation to the location of the captive B. borneoensis to obtain comprehensive data. The sample used in this study was the captive-bred B. borneoensis at the Marine Tuntong Education and Conservation Center Satucita Lestari Indonesia Foundation with different age variations, including 2 months, 2 years, 3 years and 4 years, with a total sample 3 individuals per age category. Parameters measured in this study included the total weight of B. borneoensis, carapace arch length and carapace arch width. In general, the growth pattern of B. borneoensis found in the education and conservation center at YSCLI is classified as negative allometric, this growth indicates that length growth is faster than overall body weight gain. When viewed based on the age difference, the growth pattern of B. borneoensis aged 2 months to 2 years is still classified as positive allometric, but when it is 3 to 4 years old, it only changes to negative allometric. It can be concluded that for the age of 2 years and under, the captive process of B. borneoensis is still suitable, but when it is over 2 years old, it is no longer suitable for captivity, considering that the animal's growth pattern is not balanced between carapace length and total body weight. It is recommended that if the animal is over 2 years old, it should be immediately released into its natural habitat in the wild so that it can live and develop naturally in order to preserve the aquatic biota.
A genetic approach for authentication on morphological differences of cultivated pompano species in Indonesia AGUS ALIM HAKIM; DIKRURAHMAN DIKRURAHMAN; SAHIDAN MUHLIS; RETNO PUJI ASTUTI; DYAH WIDYA SARI; MOHAMMAD MUKHLIS KAMAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230923

Abstract

Abstract. Hakim AA, Dikrurahman, Muhlis S, Astuti RP, Sari DW, Kamal MM. 2022. A genetic approach for authentication on morphological differences of cultivated pompano species in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4561-4569. Due to the increasing demand for animal protein, the Batam Marine Cultivation Fisheries Center (BPBL Batam) developed pompano (Trachinotus spp.) for aquaculture. Because of the different external characteristics, local communities recognized three types of pompano, i.e., bintang, emas, andhibridpompano. The study aimed to prove the authenticity of cultivated pompano (Trachinotus spp.) with morphological differences based on a DNA barcoding approach with 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) partial genesequences. A total of 30 barcode sequences from COI and 16S rRNA genes were obtained from three types of pompano, and all samples were validated as Trachinotus blochii with percent identity of 99.85-100% by COI and 100% by 16S rRNA. Emas, bintang, and hibrid pompano also have the same or very similar GC content both based on COI and 16S rRNA sequences. The average genetic distances calculated between species in the genusTrachinotus were 0.09 and 0.02 among COI and 16S rRNA sequences, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis constructed from COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences of all types of pompano and related species segregated genus into one clade (T. blochii) and the outgroup (other species) as another clade. This study contributed essential genetic data to the NCBI database both COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Despite having morphological differences, all types of pompano were successfully authenticated into the same species because they have identical nucleotide base arrangements and can be presumed from the same ancestor.

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