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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Xylanase production by Trichoderma virens MLT2J2 under solid-state fermentation using corn cob as a substrate LUSTY ISTIQOMAH; MUHAMMAD NUR CAHYANTO; ZUPRIZAL ZUPRIZAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231251

Abstract

Abstract. Istiqomah L, Cahyanto MN, Zuprizal. 2022. Xylanase production by Trichoderma virens MLT2J2 under solid-state fermentation using corn cob as a substrate. Biodiversitas 23: 6530-6538. Xylanase is one of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) degrading enzyme encompass in industrial application like animal feed, food, biofuel, and textile. The objective of this study was to produce and characterize the crude xylanase from MLT2J2 isolate that isolated from coconut husk. Molecular identification revealed that MLT2J2 isolate was identified as Trichoderma virens. The xylanase was produced from Trichoderma virens MLT2J2 (108 spores/g of corncob) using corn cob as substrate with 80% initial moisture content using under solid-state fermentation (SSF) at 30°C for 7 d of incubation. Changes in surface morphology and structure of fermented corn cob were monitored by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using One-way of analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed Tukey Kramer post hoc test to compare treatment means. Under fermentation parameters the maximum xylanase activity was 181.22 U/g-IDW, loss of dry matter 11.43%, and pH was decreased (4.11) at 5 d of incubation compared to initial pH (5.47). Xylanase was produced between a broad range pH 3-8 and showed acidophilic and mesophilic characteristics (optimum at pH 5,0 and 40°C), and also conserved more than 50% of activity before 4 h of incubation at 30°C and after 5 h at 40°C. The micrographs surface of corn cob before SSF appeared intact and smoother, while turned coarser after SSF, suggestive of a disrupted and more porous surface. These findings reveled that T. virens MLT2J2 could produce extracellular xylanase and potential to disrupt the cell wall of corn cob as a cheap substrate for enzyme production thereby increased the reactive surface area of corn cob for enzymatic in situ hydrolysis.
Selection of probiotic candidate of lactic acid bacteria from Hermetia illucens larvae fed with different feeding substrates DINI JULIA SARI SIREGAR; ELISA JULIANTI; MA’RUF TAFSIN; DWI SURYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231228

Abstract

Abstract. Siregar DJS, Julianti E, Tafsin M, Suryanto D. 2022. Selection of probiotic candidate of lactic acid bacteria from Hermetia illucens larvae fed with different feeding substrates. Biodiversitas 23: 6320-6326. Exploration of probiotics candidate have been accelerated from unique and novel source, one of which is from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). The black soldier flies are known as omnivores which are commonly reared, harvested and utilized to convert organic wastes into biomass yet reducing the amount of abundant waste in nature. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is one of beneficial gut symbionts which can be found across animal taxa, including insect, however, limited information is currently reported from H. illucens as a potential harboring insect. This study aimed to determine the probiotics candidate from the gut of H. illucens fed with different feeding substrates to improve the gut microbiota. The larvae were nourished with chicken manure, tofu solid wastes and vegetable wastes prior isolation of LAB. The LAB isolates were tested for their antagonistic activity against enteric pathogens, pH and bile salt tolerance, and adherence to chicken intestine (ileum). Based on the growth performance under physiological stresses and multivariate analysis using principal component analysis (PCA), four LAB isolates were designated as putative probiotics. The four isolates were Lactiplantibacillus. pentosus 5P2i1, Lacticaseibacillus. paracasei 5P2i5, Lactiplantibacillus. pentosus 5P2i9, and Lactiplantibacillus. plantarum 6P1i1 was then declared as novel strains that could be developed further as poultry probiotics.
Characteristics of plastic waste and perceptions of coastal communities in the MLC Baluno mangrove ecotourism area, West Sulawesi, Indonesia Andi Nur Apung Massiseng; Ambo Tuwo; Mardiana Ethrawaty Fachry; Ahmad Bahar
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231222

Abstract

Abstract. Massiseng ANA, Tuwo A, Fachry ME, Bahar A. 2022. Characteristics of plastic waste and perceptions of coastal communities in the MLC Baluno mangrove ecotourism area, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6262-6274. Plastic pollution is a global problem that threatens coastal and marine ecosystems and human livelihoods and requires effective solutions that can be adapted to local conditions. Management of coastal areas is one sector focusing on world development in general and Indonesia in particular. This research was conducted from July to October 2021 in the mangrove ecotourism area of ??MLC Baluno, Sendana Sub-district, Majene District, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The type of data used is the primary data from measurements and observations at ecotourism sites. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of plastic waste and analyze its impact on the socio-economic community in the MLC Baluno mangrove ecotourism area. The results showed (1) The percentage of plastic waste types from all observation stations in the MLC Baluno mangrove ecotourism area consisted of 22% HDPE, 20% LDPE, 17% PVC, 9% PETE, 12% PE, 10% PP, 6 % PE, and 4% PU, (2) The volume percentage of plastic waste from observation stations in the mangrove ecotourism area of ??MLC Baluno by type consists of 32% PVC plastic volume, 17% HDPE, 14% PE, 10% LDPE, 10% PETE, PP 11%, 4% PS and 2% PU, (3) The influence of plastic waste factors (types and volume) has a positive effect on the socio-economic community (livelihood and income). The variable factors of plastic waste influencing socio-economic based on the perceptions of coastal communities in the MLC Baluno mangrove ecotourism area are TW2, VW3, VW4, LV1, LV2, IC1, IC3, and IC5.
Selection criteria and index analysis for the S2 maize lines of double-crosses ANNUR KHAINUN AKFINDARWAN; MUH FARID; SYATRIANTI ANDI SYAIFUL; MUHAMMAD FUAD ANSHORI; AMIN NUR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240123

Abstract

Abstract. Akfindarwan AK, Farid M, Syaiful SA, Anshori MF, Nur A. 2023. Selection criteria and index analysis for the S2 maize lines of double-crosses. Biodiversitas 24: 192-199. This study aimed to determine the selection criteria and the selection index for the S2 maize lineage from double cross crosses and to select the potential lines that could be continued in the S3 generation. The research was carried out in the field from July to November 2020 at the Experimental Farm of the Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea District, Makassar City, South Sulawesi. The maize lines used were derived from 4 double cross populations of S1 generation, namely: DC1 (P36/B9//NK7328/JH2) with 19 genotypes, DC2 (B9)/HJ28/NK728), DC3 (B18/B2/B2/N29), and DC4 (JH45/B19/N29/B2). The results of this study revealed that the selection criteria suitable for this population were the weight of seeds per cob, peel cob weight, and weight of 100 seeds. Furthermore, the selection index analysis showed that there were 61 promising lines for F2 double cross maize that had a positive index value, while based on the Z value, there were 44 lines that had a better index value than the best parents. Therefore, it is recommended that the 61 S2 Maize lines from double crosses be further tested on to the S3 generation.
The heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and the yielding ability of hybrids of three parental crossings of soybean (Glycine max) DIANA SOFIA HANAFIAH; LUTHFI AZIZ MAHMUD SIREGAR; KHAIRUNNISA LUBIS; HARYATI HARYATI; FADILLAH RAHMADANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240244

Abstract

Abstract. Hanafiah DS, Siregar LAM, Lubis K, Haryati, Rahmadana HF. 2023. The heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and the yielding ability of hybrids of three parental crossings of soybean (Glycine max) Merill]. Biodiversitas 24: 1032-1038. One of the ways to increase productivity is by assembling new superior cultivars. The base population of a new superior cultivar is first provided as a population with morphological traits correlated with yield. One method for enhancing a plant's characteristics is to cross between parents with various characteristics. This study aimed to examine the value of heterosis and heterobeltiosis of generation F1.1 from a cross of three soybean parents between the Grobogan, Anjasmoro and Dega 1 varieties and predict soybean yields using multiple linear regression models. The soybean varieties Grobogan, Anjasmoro, and Dega 1 were employed as parents in this study. Each variety used as parental material has specific characters. Population diversity of F1.1 with superior traits from the combination of the parents' traits is anticipated to result from the crosses of three soybean varieties as parents. Multiple linear regression models were used in the prediction procedure to determine the soybean yield. The results showed that the value of heterosis and heterobeltiosis on the character of the number of pods per plant and the weight of 100 seeds per plant had positive values, respectively, 26.856%; 5.676%; 16.889% and 5.689%. The result of the best coefficient of determination was 0.6460 in the F1.1 genotype.
Small carnivore diversity in forest patches around oil palm plantation in West Sumatra, Indonesia Inda Dwi Solina; Erizal Mukhtar; Wilson Novarino; Dahelmi Dahelmi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240358

Abstract

Abstract. Solina ID, Mukhtar E, Novarion W, Dahelmi. 2023. Small carnivore diversity in forest patches around oil palm plantation in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1824-1832. The accelerating rates of forest conversion into agricultural land are the main driver for biodiversity loss. How biodiversity, particularly secondary consumers, can adapt to different agricultural schemes is critical to conservation planning. Currently, small forests within oil palm plantations should receive more attention, especially as they are habitats for small carnivores, and it is still unknown how they respond to habitat change. We analyzed camera trap data from 2015 to 2018 in key High Conservation Value (HCV) forests in South Solok, West Sumatra: Kencana Sawit Indonesia company (forest patch A) and Tidar Kerinci Agung company (forest patches B and C). LecoS is used to collect landscape metrics data then evaluated using the Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to assess the impact of fragmentation on the presence of small carnivores in forest patches. The model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value was the one we regarded to be the most acceptable. We found 12 species of small carnivores belonging to 4 families; six species were identified in patch A, ten in patch B, and only three in patch C. We identified that land covers are the most important parameter on the presence of small carnivores in oil palm plantations in West Sumatra based on GLM results. Due to the importance of forested regions to small carnivore diversity, we recommend increasing forest connectivity into and across oil palm landscapes.  
Spatial distribution of Vespa affinis based on land use and population density in Bojonegoro District, East Java Province, Indonesia Laily Agustina Rahmawati; Dewi Hidayati; Dian Saptarini; Mrabawani Insan Rendra; Bella Lutfiani Al Zakina
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240223

Abstract

Abstract. Rahmawati LA, Hidayati D, Saptarini D, Rendra MI, Al Zakina BL. 2023. Spatial distribution of Vespa affinis based on land use and population density in Bojonegoro District, East Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 861-868. Cases of Vespa affinis (Lesser banded hornet) attacks significantly increased last three years in several regions in Indonesia, including Bojonegoro District, East Java Province. Based on the Evacuation Report data from the Fire Department of Bojonegoro District, the number of Nest Evacuations increased nine times from 2019 to 2021. Even the Vespa Wasp attack caused one person to die. This study's purpose is to analyze the distribution and habitat characteristics of Vespa Wasps in Bojonegoro based on land use and population density. The method used a survey of Vespa wasp evacuation points to see the distribution in each area, the results were covered on the land use map and population density map in Bojonegoro in 2021. The results showed that the distribution of V. affinis wasps based on land use has an 83% tendency to be in residential areas, while based on population density, it shows that 87% of the nests are in areas with high population density. The tendency of the wasps to inhabit residential areas with high population density is likely to be an adaptive form of wasp in response to forest destruction as its natural habitat, so they seek more abundant food sources and safer nesting locations in new places.
The morphoanatomy, histochemistry, and phytochemistry of the leaves and fruits of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa EVI MINTOWATI KUNTORINI; SASI GENDRO SARI; RINI FARIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240113

Abstract

Abstract. Kuntorini EM, Sari SG, Fariani R. 2023. The morphoanatomy, histochemistry, and phytochemistry of the leaves and fruits of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Biodiversitas 24: 98-105. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk is native to Southeast Asia. The entire plant has been used in traditional Vietnamese, Chinese, and Malaysian medicine for a long time. Bioactive substances are abundant in ripe fruits. However, few studies have examined phytochemical changes and distribution throughout leaf and fruit growth. This study evaluated the morphoanatomy, histochemical, and phytochemical properties of R. tomentosa leaves and fruits. The cross-sectional anatomical structures observed in the leaves included the epidermis, mesophyll, and carrier bundle, while the fruit structures observed included a pericarp layer with an exocarp/outer layer, mesocarp, and endocarp. Flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids were found in the leaf's adaxial and abaxial epidermis, mesophyll, xylem, phloem, midrib parenchyma, secretory cavities, and trichomes. They were also distributed throughout the fruit's exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp, secretory cavities, xylem, phloem, trichomes, and seeds. Young leaves contained the highest total flavonoid concentration (196 ± 1.77 mg QE/g), green fruit had the highest total phenol concentration (97.70 ± 18.15 mg GAE/g), old leaves contained the highest total alkaloid concentration (13.22 ± 0.98%), and red fruit had the highest total tannin concentration (1.66 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g).
Genetic diversity, heritability, and accumulation patterns of Zn content in biofortified rice WAGE RATNA ROHAENI; WILLY BAYUARDI SUWARNO; UNTUNG SUSANTO; TRIKOSOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOSOEMANINGTYAS; MUNIF GHULAMAHDI; HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240125

Abstract

Abstract. Rohaeni WR, Suwarno WB, Susanto U, Trikosoemaningtyas, Ghulamahdi M, Aswidinnoor H. 2023. Genetic diversity, heritability, and accumulation patterns of Zn content in biofortified rice. Biodiversitas 24: 208-214. The study on zinc accumulation patterns in various rice organs is valuable information to support effective biofortified breeding. Research reports related to zinc accumulation have only been limited to seeds, while the pattern of zinc accumulation in each part of the plant has not been reported, especially for Indonesian rice germplasm. The study aims to provide information on the pattern of accumulation and genetic diversity of Zn content in rice plants. The experiments used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications and genotypes as a treatment. The genotypes were 29 lines of BC4F3 Inpari IR Nutri Zinc////Inpari 23, 5 lines of BC4F3 Inpari IR Nutrizinc////Sintanur, and 1 line of BC4F3 Inpari IR Nutrizinc////Inpari 35. A total of 6 varieties were used as checks. The Zn content of dehulled (brown rice) grains sample was measured using the Oxford Supreme8000 XRF machine with the Rice15 method that had been validated by the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) method, while the analysis of the pattern of Zn content of several organs (seeds, leaves, stems, and roots) used the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-IOS) method. The coefficient of genetic variation of the grain zinc content (GZn) was moderate and had high heritability criteria (H2bs = 0.83). Yield characters have a narrow coefficient of genetic variation and low heritability. There were differences in the pattern of Zn accumulation in plant organs between high GZn and low GZn genotypes. The distribution of Zn content in high GZn genotypes showed 26.4% in seeds, 13.7% in leaves, 39.3% in stems, and 20.6% in roots. The distribution of Zn content in low GZn genotypes showed 14.2% in seeds, 10.9% in leaves, 31.0% in stems, and 44.0% in roots. The results of this study indicate that a different breeding strategy is needed to develop new high-yielding rice varieties based on zinc accumulation patterns in cross-parents.
The growth performance of Rhizophora apiculata using the cut-propagule method for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia ANDI HURUL AUNI USMAN; ADISTI PERMATASARI PUTRI HARTOYO; CECEP KUSMANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231234

Abstract

Abstract. Usman AHA, Hartoyo APP, Kusmana C. 2022. The growth performance of Rhizophora apiculata using the cut-propagule method for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6366-6378. A high decrease in the size of Indonesia's mangrove forests requires effective and efficient rehabilitation efforts. One of the efforts is using Rhizophora apiculata as the adaptive and fast-growing mangrove species and its cut-propagule seedling method for accelerating plant propagation. The objectives of this study were to analyze the growth performance of R. apiculata propagules with various treatments of propagule cutting, seedling media, and giving growth regulators (PGR), as well as to determine the best combination of treatment for the growth of R. apiculata. An experimental study was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized design with 3 factors (propagule cutting, seedling media, and giving PGR) and 3 replications. The interaction of the combination of cut-propagule treatment, planting media, and growth regulator (AxBxC) only had a significant effect on the increase in the number of leaves of R. apiculata. Complete propagules and the lower part of cutting propagules with a combination of mud+sand seedling media and 10,000 ppm PGR (a0b1c1 and a2b1c1) resulted in the best value on the growth of R. apiculata. The cut-propagule seedling method of R. apiculata still showed good growth so it can be used as an alternative to mass vegetative reproduction in mangrove rehabilitation activity.

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