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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Palynology of the genus Lagerstroemia (Lythraceae) in Thailand SURAPON SAENSOUK; PIYAPORN SAENSOUK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240616

Abstract

Abstract. Saensouk S, Saensouk P. 2023. Palynology of the genus Lagerstroemia (Lythraceae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 3222-3229. Pollen morphology of Lagerstroemia (Lythraceae) from Thailand was poorly reported. This study aimed to study the pollen morphology of 17 species of the genus Lagerstroemia in Thailand by applying acetolysis under a light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Pollen of the genus Lagerstroemia in Thailand was described with the distinctive features of the pollen morphology, i.e., size, shape, exine sculpturing, the character of the aperture, polar, and symmetry. All pollen grains were monad with and polar view length of 43.83±2.84 µm, and equatorial view length of 26.33±2.05 µm. The shape of pollens was prolate spheroidal, subspheroidal, spheroidal, and subprolate. The pollens in this study were recognized as bilateral, radial, and sub-radial symmetries. All pollen grains were apolar and polar. The aperture of all pollen species in this study was reported with tricolpate and tricolporate. Exine sculpturing was exine sculpturing and scabrate-granulate. The pollen morphology of this study can be divided into groups based on shape, exine sculpturing, the character of the aperture, polarity, and symmetry. Pollen sizes of all species were medium size. The pollen ofall species from Thailand are reported as Lagerstroemia indica-type.The pollen morphology in this study cannot be used for species identification. Pollen of 16 Lagerstroemia species were studied here for the first time.
Fungal community associated with mixed infection of anthracnose and stem end rot diseases in Chokanan Mango ANI WIDIASTUTI; SURYANTI SURYANTI; ALVINA CLARA GIOVANNI; ISLAMINATI ANNA SANTIKA; NIKEN RASMI PARAMITA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240428

Abstract

Abstract. Widiastuti A, Suryanti, Giovanni AC, Santika IA, Paramita NR. 2023. Fungal community associated with mixed infection of anthracnose and stem end rot diseases in Chokanan Mango. Biodiversitas 24: 2163-2170. Anthracnose and stem end rot are the top two prevalent diseases causing losses in mango fruit worldwide. Both diseases often appear together in ripened fruits. The aim of this research was to evaluate the fungal community associated with mixed infection of anthracnose and stem end rot diseases in Chokanan mango based on metagenomics analysis through amplicon targeted next generation sequencing. The results showed that approximately 152,000 sequences were observed. The average total tags from the observed OTUs number were 146,485, of which 126,230 were taxon tags. The ten most common occurring fungal genera were Colletotrichum, Penicillium, Diaporhte, Purpureocillium, Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Neofusicoccum, Mortierella, Rhizopus, and Kazachstania. Of these, genus Colletotrichum showed 77% dominance of based on Krona display value. Based on the number of OTUs, seven species, such as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., Penicillium simplicissimum (Oudem.) Thom, Neofusicoccum cordaticola Pavlic, Slippers & M.J.Wingf., Diaporthe arengae R.R.Gomes, Glienke & Crous, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., and Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., showed dominance in mixed infection. These findings reveal the major status of post-harvest pathogens in mango fruits that should be controlled. This is the first report on N. cordaticola and D. arengae associated with mixed infection of anthracnose and stem and rot disease on post-harvest mango in Indonesia.
Diversity of woody plant nematodes in specially protected biocenosis of Zarafshan Mountain, Uzbekistan SARDORBEK NARZULLAYEV; SARDOR KAMBAROV; UKTAM MIRZAEV; SHAHLO TURSUNOVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240607

Abstract

Abstract. Narzullayev S, Kambarov S, Mirzaev U, Tursunova S. 2023. Diversity of woody plant nematodes in specially protected biocenosis of Zarafshan Mountain, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 24: 3145-3151. Very little information exists on nematodes' diversity and ecological characteristics in small artificial forests. This article provides information on the diversity of the nematode fauna, bioecological characteristics, and species distribution by biotopes of fruit trees growing in the biocenoses of the Omonkutan National Nature Park in the Western Zarafshan mountain range. As a result of the research, 62 species of nematodes were recorded in the nematode fauna of fruit trees. These species were analyzed taxonomically and ecologically. It was determined that the species in the fauna belong to two classes and five orders of the Nematoda type. They are divided into five large and several small groups according to their ecological characteristics. Among the ecological groups, omnivorous and plant-feeding nematodes are the dominant groups in terms of the number of species. The diversity of nematodes was high in the 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil layers. It turned out that the diversity in different biotopes is related to the ecological characteristics of nematodes. In particular, herbivorous nematodes accounted for 72.2% of nematodes in the root system. An increase in the diversity of nematodes was observed in the rhizosphere soil layers. A sharp increase in the number of species and individuals of omnivorous nematodes and bacteriotrophs was observed in the 0-15 cm soil layer, and this trend was also preserved in the 15-30 cm layer. The species richness and diversity (according to the Shannon and Simpson indices) were the lowest in vegetative parts of plants. As a result of the research, it became clear that the diversity of soil nematodes is completely dependent on their trophic characteristics.
Toward healthy urban streets: Diversity of roadside tree species in industrial area of Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia HASYA HANNANI RUZIMAN; ASMIDA ISMAIL; AZIAN MOHTI; KHAIRUL ADZFA RADZUN; FAEZAH PARDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240520

Abstract

Abstract. Ruziman HH, Ismail A, Mohti A, Radzun KA, Pardi F. 2023. Toward healthy urban streets: Diversity of roadside tree species in industrial area of Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 2674-2681. Shah Alam, one of the biggest cities in Selangor has undergone a significant transformation with numerous developments to cater the needs of the ever-growing population. However, the rapid urbanization and massive infrastructure developments have indirect effects on landscape patterns and roadside tree diversity. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the species richness and diversity of roadside trees in Shah Alam, Selangor. All trees with height of 1 meter and above in Section 15 and 16 were measured and identified as referred to the Landscape Department of Shah Alam City Council (MBSA) computerized database. The data were analyzed for their taxonomic composition and species diversity. A total of 5,523 trees were recorded where 4,087 trees occurred in Section 15 and 1,426 trees in Section 16. Fabaceae was the most dominant family in both sections in which three leading species, i.e. Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex K.Heyne, Pterocarpus indicus Willd. and Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F.Cook, accounted for 14.7% of the planted trees. Section 15 was relatively higher in taxonomic composition with 11 families and 25 species than Section 16, with 8 families and 18 species. The values for species diversity index were considered high in both sections with 8.37 despite the environmental impact from the industrial activities. Thus, it is suggested that future research should include the potential risks of biodiversity loss for proper management practices in urban settings.
Role of soil parameters in forest clove (Syzygium obtusifolium) habitat and their effects on phenology and production MARWAN YANI KAMSURYA; SAMIN BOTANRI; KAMARUDDIN KAMARUDDIN; FAUZIA HULOPI; MUIMUNA LAHABI; JUNI LA DJUMAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240933

Abstract

Abstract. Kamsurya MY, Bontari S, Kamaruddin, Hulopi F, Lahabi M, Djumati JL. 2023. Role of soil parameters in forest clove (Syzygium obtusifolium) habitat and their effects on phenology and production. Biodiversitas 24: 4910-4918. Forest cloves (Syzygium obtusifolium L.) are a type of non-aromatic clove that originally grew wild and are now starting to be cultivated. This study aimed to examine role of soil chemical and physical parameters in clove plant habitat and their influence on flowering phenology and production. The experiment was carried out on the island of Ambon Maluku, for a duration of 17 months from January 2020 - May 2021. A survey was conducted on forest clove plant cultivated by farmers aged between 10-15, and five observation locations were selected using the purposive sampling method. Soil analysis was performed at the Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hasanuddin Makassar, while observational data were analyzed using principal component regression analysis (PCRA). The results showed that soil chemical parameters contributed 14.89% to forest clove plant habitat, with the N and Ca content providing the highest contribution of 3.49% and 3.26% respectively. The contribution of physical parameters amounted to 8.09%, with sand particles exhibiting the highest value of 2.43%. Furthermore, PCRA results found that soil chemical parameters influenced the phenology of forest clove flowering by 21.8%. The relationship between the independent variables (X1 to X5) and flowering phenology (Y) had a correlation (R) of 0.47, while the physical parameters exerted an influence reaching 79.4% with an R-value of 0.89. The average production of fresh and dry clove flowers from forest clove plant was 50.3 and 20.1 kg/plant, respectively.
Characterization of microbiota and secretory Ig-A in the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) small and large intestine R. SUSANTI; NUR RAHAYU UTAMI; ARI YUNIASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240461

Abstract

Abstract. Susanti R, Utami NR, Yuniastuti A. 2023. Characterization of microbiota and secretory Ig-A in the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos)small and large intestine. Biodiversitas 24: 2458-2466. The Microbiome composition could affect the duck's intestines' microenvironment, which may shape the microstructure's anatomy, metabolism, and immune system. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the intestinal microbiome's abundance, diversity, and IgA distribution in ducks' intestines. This study took 15 healthy domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchosLinnaeus, 1758) from an intensive duck farm in Central Java, Indonesia. Five grams of each small and large intestine content were collected aseptically for metagenomic analysis. Then, the intestine organs were taken for immunohistochemistry preparations to depict the IgA distribution. The results showed that the small intestine has a greater bacterial abundance community, with 18 phyla, while only 13 are found in the large intestine. Interestingly, three phyla: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, were found dominantly in both organs. However, the comparison of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes ratio was higher in the small intestine (2357.76) than large intestine (10.64). The IgA distribution in the small and large intestines showed intermediate staining intensity (score: 2.07-2.20) and a final Allred score of 5.0 (positive). Even though dysbiosis microbiome was present in intestines with dominant species Streptococcus and Enterococcus, it seems no significant IgA over secretion. Understanding duck's gut immune response is important because it is highly tolerant to the pathogens that make them play an important role as an environmental reservoir for pathogenic viruses and bacteria and may potentially comprehend future infectious disease outbreaks.
Composition and abundance of cockroaches in traditional markets of Purwokerto City, Indonesia TRISNOWATI BUDI AMBARNINGRUM; IMAM WIDHIONO; ENDANG SRIMURNI KUSMINTARSIH; HERY PRATIKNYO; TRISNO HARYANTO; FATHIMAH NURFITHRI HASYIFAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250648

Abstract

Abstract. Ambarningrum TB, Widhiono I, Kusmintarsih ES, Pratiknyo H, Haryanto T, Hasyifah FN. 2024. Composition and abundance of cockroaches in traditional markets of Purwokerto City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2773-2779. Markets with high human activity and abundant food are ideal conditions for cockroaches. This study aimed to investigate the composition and abundance of cockroaches infesting three markets in Purwokerto City, Central Java, Indonesia. To achieve this objective a survey method with random sampling used baiting traps and hand collection. The analysis used the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), Evenness index, relative abundance, and density index. The results showed that three cockroach families were identified, namely Blattellidae, Blattidae, and Blaberidae. The cockroaches found in markets 1 and 3 consisted of five species, namely Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767), Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758), Blatta lateralis (Serville, 1838), Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier, 1789), and Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758), while in Market 2 there were only three species, namely B. germanica, P. americana, and N. cinerea. The total population were 2467, 81, and 3627 individuals in Market 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The B. germanica predominated in Markets 1 and 2, while N. cinerea dominated in Market 3. Furthermore, density levels varied across markets, showing differing infestation intensities. The study explained the importance of integrated pest management strategies and regular monitoring to control cockroaches population effectively. These results provide valuable insights for local pest control efforts aimed at maintaining hygiene and health standards in market environments.
Diversity of insect carried-fungi in chili (Capsicum annuum) crop at Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia AGUS SUROTO; ENDANG MUGIASTUTI; TARJOKO TARJOKO; EKA OKTAVIANI; MUHAMMAD BAHRUDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240635

Abstract

Abstract. Suroto A, Mugiastuti E, Tarjoko, Oktaviani E, Bahrudin M. 2023. Diversity of insect carried-fungi in chili (Capsicum annuum) crop at Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3394-3406. This study aimed to determine the species of fungal pathogens that have the potency to be carried by various insects in endemic areas of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) disease and locations with high populations of chili insect vectors in the Banyumas District. The insect samples were collected from three chili planting locations in Banyumas District (Karanglewas, Sumbang, and Sokaraja Sub-districts) from March to November 2022. The following methods carried out the research: (i) determining the sampling location, (ii) insect sampling and identification, (iii) isolation and purification of fungal pathogen carried by insects, (iv) pathogenicity test, (v) identification of fungal pathogens based on morphology characters. The exploration of 13 villages in 3 (three) sub-districts of Banyumas District found 60 insects collected from healthy and diseased chili plants. Totally, six genera of fungi were isolated and identified, namely Fusarium, Pythium, Curvularia, Penicillium, Geotrichum, and Phytophthora. This is preliminary research on the interaction between plants, microbes, and insects. Understanding these aspects is essential, not only from an ecological perspective but also for improving the genetic quality of crops as well as for integrated pest management.
Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in cattle from Sleman, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia ANA SAHARA; BAMBANG HERU BUDIANTO; RONY MARSYAL KUNDA; LINTANG WINANTYA FIRDAUSY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240747

Abstract

Abstract. Sahara A, Budianto BH, Kunda RM, Firdausy LW. 2023. Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in cattle from Sleman, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4087-4094. Massive attacks of were found Haemaphysalis bispinosa in beef cattle farms in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Besides it makes blood loss, they also have the potential to become vectors of several diseases. The aim of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of infestation, describe the morphology, fecundity, and timing of oviposition, as well as the preferred attachment sites for ticks. The samples were collected manually, and the body of the cattle was divided into four regions to determine the preferred sites of attachment of ticks. The morphology and occurrence of tick attachment sites, egg production, and hatchability were examined macroscopically and microscopically, and the obtained data we assessed descriptively and qualitatively. The findings indicated that, in contrast to the body area and the front and back legs, the tick predilection locations were the head, ears, and neck region. An engorged female may generate an average of 731.5±106 eggs throughout her 10-day oviposition cycle. After 17-30 days, tick eggs hatch into larvae; on average, 626.3±56 eggs per tick female successfully hatch into larvae.
Community stance towards sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) conservation in Odisha, India PRAKASH C. MARDARAJ; TARA J. PIRIE; JANMEJAY SETHY; SATYARANJAN BEHERA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240503

Abstract

Abstract. Mardaraj PC, Pirie TJ, Sethy J, Behera S. 2023. Community stance towards sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) conservation in Odisha, India. Biodiversitas 24: 2521-2526. The human dimension is an essential component of extensive carnivore management and conservation. People living in bear habitats often fear encounters with these animals, and negative interactions can significantly affect people's livelihoods, attitudes, and tolerance toward the conservation initiatives of bears. To investigate the effect of such interactions on people's attitudes and livelihoods, we surveyed 510 households through semi-structured interviews located around five reserve forests of the Nilgiri wildlife range in a coastal district of Odisha, India. Gender, education, dependency on the forest, and specifics of bear encounters were the parameters taken to know the villagers' attitudes toward bear conservation. The average age of respondents was 46 (17-88) years; 78.8% (n= 402) were male. There are 37.5% of the respondents below the poverty level with annual incomes less than $ 514 USD. The majority of respondents, 85%, showed favorable opinions regarding sloth bears (Melursus ursinus Shaw, 1791), with only 15% expressing a negative perception. Bears were encountered by 87% of the total participants, with 45% encountering a sloth bear weekly. The study identified that 82.9% of villagers were more likely to state sloth bears were problematic rest disagreed with it. The educated interviewer was strongly supporting bear conservation in that landscape. The perspectives of the villagers and their experiences on their adverse feeling toward the bears need to minimize through suggested participatory and community-based mitigation strategies for long time conservation of the sloth bear in the landscape.

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