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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Microalgal diversity assessment of Laguna Lake (Philippines) tributaries using Next-Generation Sequencing for water quality JOY ANN SANTOS; JULIUS AARON MEJIA; M.A. JOWINA GALARION; PIERANGELI VITAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240845

Abstract

Abstract. Santos JA, Mejia JA, Galarion MAJ, Vital P. 2023. Microalgal diversity assessment of Laguna Lake (Philippines) tributaries using Next-Generation Sequencing for water quality. Biodiversitas 24: 4636-4644. The species composition and density of microalgae have been successfully used as bioindicators of water quality as they respond quickly to any change in the water chemistry brought about by pollution. Laguna Lake in the Philippines, one of the country's most important hotspots for aquaculture, continues to be threatened by eutrophication, yet its microalgal profile has been understudied. The presence of microalgae, especially those identified to become causative agents of harmful algal blooms in lakes, can cause corresponding health effects in humans and the environment. This study determined microalgal diversity in samples from tributaries of Laguna Lake, Philippines, through 18S rRNA metagenomic sequencing or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Out of the five sampling sites, only two sites passed the NGS quality control pipeline. Chlorella M.Beijerinck, dominated the eukaryotic microbial population in the Alabang-Cupang River sample, which is 95% of the total population. While in the Biñan River sample, relevant species found were Cyclotella scaldensis Muylaert & Sabbe, Teleaulax acuta (Butcher) Hill, Cryptomonas curvata Ehrenb., and Peridiniopsis penardii (Lemmerm.) Bourr. This is the first study to use NGS to detect microalgae in Laguna Lake and warrants further elucidation of the microalgal population through increased sampling efforts in other recreational and livelihood hotspots. Furthermore, the study results open the importance of implementing new schemes for water quality assessments focused on molecular-based approaches.
Diversity of Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss from Bali, Indonesia based on morphological and molecular characters I KETUT SUMANTRA; LISTIHANI LISTIHANI; PUTU EKA PASMIDI ARIATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250447

Abstract

Abstract. Sumantra IK, Listihani L, Ariati PEP. 2024. Diversity of Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss from Bali, Indonesia based on morphological and molecular characters. Biodiversitas 25: 1771-1780. There are several salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) variations based on epicarp (skin) color, pulp aroma, and taste. The different characters are not only found among different production centers, but also among plants cultivated in the same area. This study aimed to identify the morphological and molecular characters of 16 salak cultivars from Bali, Indonesia. Morphological characters were described based on the individual test guideline for salak species and molecular characters were analyzed using four Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, namely OPA3, OPC7, OPD4, and OPD20. The morphological characters of 16 salak cultivars are very diverse in plant height, number of leaflets, leaflets length and width, leaf sheath length, fruit skin color, fruit shape, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per bunch, number of seeds per fruit, and thick pulp. A total of 37 DNA bands ranging from 250-4000 bp was obtained and 28 bands of which are polymorphic. The dendrogram formed 4 clusters. Cluster 1 consists of Bingin, Kelapa, Gulapasir, Nangka, Muani, Gonong, Penyalin, Gondok, Layu, Sudamala, Merah, Jaka, and Putih salak cultivars. Cluster 2 consists of Pada cultivar, cluster 3 consists of Injin cultivar, and cluster 4 consists of Nenas cultivar. This research is the first diversity analysis report on S. zalacca from Bali based on morphological and molecular characters.
Characteristic and bioactivities value of Nypa fruticans from coastal area in West Aceh District, Indonesia as a candidate antidiabetic agent YULIA FITRI; YUSNI YUSNI; TAUFIK SURYADI; MUDATSIR MUDATSIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241006

Abstract

Abstract. Fitri Y, Yusni Y, Suryadi T, Mudatsir M. 2023. Characteristic and bioactivities value of Nypa fruticans from coastal area in West Aceh District, Indonesia as a candidate antidiabetic agent. Biodiversitas 24: 5260-5269. Nypa fruticans Wurmb is a functional plant that grows on the coasts of Indonesia, produced food and has health benefits. It has been believed for generations that Nypa fruticans Wurmb has potential as an antidiabetic, although a complete study is needed. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of the fruit of the Nypa fruticans Wurmb plant as an antidiabetic based on its characteristic values and pancreatic histopathology. The fruit was evaluated for phytochemical, tannin quantity, chemical compound determination, and confirmation of bioactivity. Antidiabetic properties were evaluated for pancreatic histopathology in an animal model. Nypa fruticans Wurmb contains polyphenols, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids, with a tannins quantity of 11.10 mg/AT/g extract. Furthermore, it contains antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds, including the dominant 2,3-Butanediol (CAS) Butane-2,3-diol, Propane-1,1-diol diacetate, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydrox, and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (CAS) Li. In addition, it has excellent bioactivity against nuclear receptor ligands, protease inhibitors, and enzyme inhibitors as an indicator of binding affinity with hot cells. Nypa fruticans Wurmb can increase beta cells, and expand the islets of Langerhans. The Nypa fruticans Wurmb, besides containing antioxidant and inflammatory compounds, has hight bioactivity, wich increases the frequency of beta cells and improves pancreatic islets of Langerhans repair in diabetic models.
Bacterial selection and characterization of chitinase enzyme from bacteria controlling Fusarium proliferatum MIFTAHUL KHAIRAH; NISA RACHMANIA MUBARIK; LISDAR A. MANAF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240370

Abstract

Abstract. Khairah M, Mubarik NR, Manaf LA. 2023. Bacterial selection and characterization of chitinase enzyme from bacteria controlling Fusarium proliferatum. Biodiversitas 24: 1926-1933. The phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium proliferatum causes wilt rot disease of onion bulbs and many agricultural losses. The biocontrol of F. proliferatum can be approached with chitinase from microorganisms, such as endophytic bacteria. The chitinase enzyme can inhibit and control fungus growth by degrading chitin, the main component of the fungal cell wall. This study aimed to select, characterize, and semi-purifying the chitinase produced by endophytic bacteria and to evaluate its antifungal activity against F. proliferatum. The results showed ABS 4.1.2 isolate produced chitinase and had antagonistic activity against F. proliferatum. The prospective ABS 4.1.2 isolate was identified based on 16S rRNA gene as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The precipitated chitinase using 60% ammonium sulfate (w/v) showed a specific activity of 19.69 U/mg and increased the purity by 3.60 fold. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that chitinase had an estimated molecular weight of 32 kDa and 65 kDa. The chitinase activity of crude extract and precipitated chitinase were optimum at pH 7 and the temperature of 35°C and 45°C, respectively. The precipitated chitinase showed a higher inhibition compared to 12 hrs of cell culture and crude enzymes against F. proliferatum. The precipitated chitinase and crude enzymes significantly exhibited destructive activity toward F. proliferatum mycelium.
Ethnobotany of food plants used by Minangkabau Community in Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatra, Indonesia ASIH RAHAYU AJENG AGESTI; NUNIK SRI ARIYANTI; TATIK CHIKMAWATI; YOHANES PURWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240529

Abstract

Abstract. Agesti ARA, Ariyanti NS, Chikmawati T, Purwanto Y. 2023. Ethnobotany of food plants used by Minangkabau Community in Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2756-2767. The Minangkabau tribe is well known for its culture and cuisine, but documents on their knowledge and wisdom in the utilization of food plants are still limited. This study aims to inventory plant species used for food by Minangkabau community, assess their importance and economic value, and analyze the important landscapes where the food plants are obtained. This study was conducted in six villages representing different level of modernization in Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatra which is one of the centers of origin of Minangkabau ancestral. Data were collected through open, semi-structured and structured interviews with key informants and respondents. The Pebble Distribution Method (PDM) is used for scoring activities. Data were analyzed to show the use values (UVs), local user's value index (LUVI), index of cultural significance (ICS), and economic value of the food plants. The interviewed informants mentioned 154 plant species from 51 families were used for food. Cocos nucifera L. has the most various uses as food (highest UVs) and is the most important cultivated plant for the Minangkabau culture (ICS) in all the six villages. The most important food plant species based on a community perspective (highest LUVI) is Oryza sativa L. The wild plants having the highest LUVI and ICS differed among the villages. Plants with high economic value include O. sativa, Durio zibethinus Murray and Citrus aurantium L. The landscapes considered important are paddy fields and fields because they provide staple food. Information from this study can support food diversification to achieve food security based on the local knowledge on the diversity of food plant species and potential landraces in Minangkabau community.
Diversity of endophytic fungi of rice plants in Padang City, Indonesia, entomopathogenic to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) TRIZELIA TRIZELIA; HALIATUR RAHMA; MY SYAHRAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240453

Abstract

Abstract. Trizelia, Rahma H, Syahrawati M. 2023. Diversity of endophytic fungi of rice plants in Padang City, Indonesia, entomopathogenic to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens). Biodiversitas 24: 2384-2392. Various endophytic fungi can live in plant tissues for all or part of their life cycle without causing damage or disease in their host. Several genera of endophytic fungi have been reported to be entomopathogenic and can be used to control insect pests. This study aimed to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi from rice stems that were entomopathogenic against Nilaparvata lugens (Stål, 1854) or Brown Planthopper (BPH). Endophytic fungi were isolated from rice stems of IR42 and Cisokan varieties grown in Padang City, West Sumatra Indonesia. Isolated fungi were first evaluated for their pathogenicity against Tenebrio molitor larvae. Subsequently high pathogenicity showed isolates were tested on nymphs and adults of BPH. The results showed that the entomopathogenic fungi isolated from IR 42 and Cisokan were the members of genus Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Beauveria. The entomopathogenic fungi from IR 42 were more diverse than Cisokan, and Beauveria sp. was the most common isolate and had a better ability to kill the BPH. The highest mortality of BPH was found in PIR 1.3 isolate, but the mortality was still relatively low (53.33% nymphs and 34.99% adults). Further study is needed to increase the effectiveness of these endophytic fungi against BPH directly or indirectly by inducing resistance.
Soil macrofauna diversity and weed dynamics in response to different methods of weed control in smallholder rubber farming IRAWATI CHANIAGO; YULISTRIANI YULISTRIANI; IRWIN M. UMAMI; ZAM Z. BUKHARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240602

Abstract

Abstract. Chaniago I, Yulistriani, Umami IM, Bukhari ZZ. 2023. Soil macrofauna diversity and weed dynamics in response to different methods of weed control in smallholder rubber farming. Biodiversitas 24: 3106-3113. Weeds interference in rubber farmland may reduce latex yield. Farmers apply herbicides to control weeds. However, the herbicide not only controls weed but also affects the presence of soil macrofauna. A study has been conducted to determine the effect of different method of weed control on soil macrofauna and weeds at smallholder rubber farming at Pulau Punjung, Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 pseudo-replications. Treatment was mechanical control, without weed control, and 4 doses of herbicide glyphosate+metsulfuron-methyl (1.5 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1, 2 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1, 2.5 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1, 3 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1) with 400 L ha-1 of volume. Pitfall traps were used to collect the soil macrofauna. Data were analysis with ANOVA for weed and soil macrofauna in response to different methods of weed control. Results demonstrated that the application of glyphosate+metsulfuron-methyl herbicide significantly suppressed weeds higher than that of other methods of weed control (p<0.05). Para grass (Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf) was the most dominant weed but has been affected most by 3 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1 herbicide mixture. Soil macrofauna of the order Hemiptera was affected most by the application of herbicide with a total reduction of 71.58% of number of individuals at 12 weeks after application of herbicide. In general, different weed control methods resulted in varied numbers of orders and individuals of the soil macrofauna.
Antibiotic resistance of emerging pathogenic bacteria of hybrid grouper farming in Indonesia INDAH ISTIQOMAH; ALIM ISNANSETYO; MURWANTOKO MURWANTOKO; DESY PUTRI HANDAYANI; YANI NUR’AINI LESTARI; ARIEF TASLIHAN; I GUSTI NGURAH PERMANA; ENDANG WIJAYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240465

Abstract

Abstract. Istiqomah I, Isnansetyo A, Murwantoko, Handayani DP, Lestari YN, Taslihan A, Permana IGN, Wijayanti E. 2023. Antibiotic resistance of emerging pathogenic bacteria of hybrid grouper farming in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2493-2501. A hybrid grouper is among the main coastal farming species in Asian countries, yet vibriosis is still a significant issue. Therefore, a knowledge of pathogenic strains responsible for recent cases is essential for developing appropriate control measures. The purpose of the study was to describe emerging bacterial pathogens associated with hemorrhagic disorder, skin wounds, and mortality in cantang hybrid grouper farms in Indonesia. A total of 30 bacterial strains were recovered from the kidney of diseased grouper on TCBS agar. Based on the ability to induce clinical signs and mortality of grouper juveniles owing to intraperitoneal bacterial infection at 106 CFU/fish, the bacteria were divided into three groups: pathogenic (n=11), low-pathogenic (n=2), and non-pathogenic (n=17). The pathogenic strains were putatively identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. Damselae (n=8), Vibrio alginolyticus (n=1), Vibrio harveyi (n=2), and Vibrio azureus (n=2) based on the biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA and DNA gyrase B subunit gene sequences. The pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to erythromycin, gentamycin, oxytetracycline, and kanamycin. However, it still has various resistant patterns to ampicillin, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, and enrofloxacin. This study demonstrated the emergence of pathogenic P. damselae subsp. damselae, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. azureus in grouper aquaculture in Indonesia with multiple antibiotic resistance, which needed to further studies.
Length-weight relationships and condition factors of brackish water catfish, Mystus gulio (Hamilton, 1822) from three different estuaries, West Java, Indonesia EPA PAUJIAH; YAYAT DHAHIYAT; TITIN HERAWATI; ISKANDAR ISKANDAR; HARYONO HARYONO; ILHAM ZULFAHMI; FAHRI FAHRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240540

Abstract

Abstract. Paujiah E, Dhahiyat Y, Herawati T, Iskandar, Haryono, Zulfahmi I, Fahri. 2023. Length-weight relationships and condition factors of brackish water catfish, Mystus gulio (Hamilton, 1822) from three different estuaries, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2855-2864. This study investigated the biometric condition of brackish water catfish (Mystus gulio Hamilton 1822) collected from three different estuaries in Cianjur District, West Java Province, Indonesia. Data (class interval, growth pattern, and factor condition) were sorted based on time, location, and season. Water quality parameters measured include temperature, conductivity, TDS, hardness, resistivity, pH, DO, total oxygen, ORP, and salinity. The correlation between K-Value and water quality parameters was analyzed using multivariate analysis. Our results showed that the worth pattern of M. gulio was allometric, with condition factors value ranging from 0.904-1.042. There were variations in the growth patterns according to time, location, and fish sex. The lowest condition factor values were found in August for males and April for females. Meanwhile, the highest condition factor values were found for males on 4 June 2022 and 5 February 2022 for females. The NMDS analysis places the water resistivity and conductivity on a different axis from other environmental factors. The results of our study suggest that the estuaries in Cianjur District were adequate for supporting the survival and growth of M. gulio by providing food and suitable habitat.
Bacterial diversity in the western slopes of Mount Lawu, Karanganyar, Indonesia RETNO ROSARIASTUTI; SUTAMI SUTAMI; SETYA NUGRAHA; BAMBANG SIGIT AMANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240423

Abstract

Abstract. Rosariastuti R, Sutami, Nugraha S, Amanto BS. 2023. Bacterial diversity in the western slopes of Mount Lawu, Karanganyar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2125-2133. Bacteria are an essential ecosystem component that is critical in nutrient recycling. Mount Lawu is an ecosystem with various habitats supporting bacterial growth. This region contains a diverse range of bacteria that has received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial biodiversity on Mount Lawu's western slopes of Karanganyar District, Central Java Province, Indonesia based on land use differences. There are five land uses including vegetable plantations, paddy fields, residential, mixed land, and forests. This study is exploratory-descriptive; the survey method and exploration technique are employed. Then, the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach was administered to identify the type of bacteria. This research revealed more than 10 phylum and 28 species of bacteria. The diversity index (H') value was 8.80 for Vegetable plantations, 8.50 for paddy fields, 8.26 for mixed land, 8.10 for residential, and 7.66 for forests, with the highest bacterial diversity index in vegetable plantations. The bacterial diversity incorporates the phylum Proteobacteria, Methylomirabillota, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, Chloroflexi, and others. Phylum Proteobacteria was dominant in each land use, followed by Phylum Actinobacteria. The bacterial diversity on Mount Lawu's western slope was high. This study's findings are useful as a database (information) on microbial biodiversity in Central Java.

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