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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Diversity of morphology, pathogenicity, and host range of Colletotrichum spp. associated with chili anthracnose in East Priangan, Indonesia IDA HODIYAH; MAMAN SURYAMAN; ELYA HARTINI; ADE H. JUHAENI; BUDI Y. LAKSANA; AISYAH AISYAH; GILANG V. BENATAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250212

Abstract

Abstract. Hodiyah I, Suryaman M, Hartini E, Juhaeni AH, Laksana BY, Aisyah, Benatar GV. 2024. Diversity of morphology, pathogenicity, and host range of Colletotrichum spp. associated with chili anthracnose in East Priangan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 533-541. Chilies, in Indonesia, encounter several obstacles that impact their production and quality. Chili production in Indonesia has seen oscillations, partly due to the detrimental effects of anthracnose disease produced by the Colletotrichum fungus species. The disease has a detrimental effect on the quality of fruit, foliage, and plants, resulting in unpredictable yields and significant losses, especially during the rainy season. Although chilies has important economic value in Indonesia, more comprehensive studies are needed on chili anthracnose in the East Priangan area, West Java Province, Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to specifically investigate the incidence of chili anthracnose and to isolate the pathogen responsible for the disease. Colletotrichum isolates were subjected to morphological characterization and pathogenicity tests to assess their virulence. In addition, the research evaluated the possible spectrum of hosts that these isolates might infect in order to determine their effect on other commodities. In East Priangan, chili anthracnose disease was found everywhere with severe disease incidence. Highest disease incidence was recorded in Garut District (100%), and the lowest was in Ciamis District (50.5%). The isolation results showed that a total of 18 diverse isolates were isolated from three chilli species at different altitudes. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics showed variability, with growth rates ranged from 0.24 to 3.7 mm per day and diverse conidia shapes and sizes. The pathogenicity test confirmed the virulence of 17 isolates, causing symptoms with concave circular wound diameters ranged from 6.88 to 61.08 mm. Host range results demonstrated the pathogenicity of specific isolates to tomatoes, strawberries, and grapes, with strawberries exhibited higher severity levels (28.05 to 56.38 mm lesions). Gaining comprehensive knowledge about the variety and widespread occurrence of chili anthracnose in this particular area is essential for formulating effective measures to minimize its adverse effects on chili cultivation and guarantee the long-term viability of the chili sector in Indonesia. To our knowledge, this is the first study of chili anthracnose in the East Priangan region.
Short Communication: Diversity of indigenous LAB from kefir grains cultured in goat milk based on phenotypic characteristics for probiotic candidates PUTRI DIAN WULANSARI; NOVIA RAHAYU; RIO JATI KUSUMA; ARI SURYA SUKARNO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241164

Abstract

Abstract. Wulansari PD, Rahayu N, Kusuma RJ, Sukarno AS. 2023. Short Communication: Diversity of indigenous LAB from kefir grains cultured in goat milk based on phenotypic characteristics for probiotic candidates. Biodiversitas 24: 6389-6395. Kefir grain is the starter of kefir products containing the symbiotic compound of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast. Microbial diversity in kefir grain is affected by multiple factors that include the origin of microbiota, upkeep, storage, and types of milk. Goat milk exhibits various superior properties in composition or characteristics. These have inspired the present study to obtain the local isolates from LAB derived from native Indonesian kefir grain produced and revitalized using goat milk. This study aimed to obtain local LAB isolates from kefir grain through phenotypic identification and characterization. The morphology of phenotypic identification consisted of macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical identification. Based on macroscopic and microscopic observation, the isolates were milky white, circular, entire edge, smooth and shiny surface with convex elevation, coccus/basil shaped, Gram-positive, negative catalase, non-motile, non-spore, non-producing CO2, heterofermentative/homofermentative, able to ferment various carbohydrates, growing at 37 and 45°C, pH 4.4, and salinity level of 6.5%. A scientific approach enabled to obtaining of several LAB strains, namely nine isolates of Lactococcus and seven isolates of Lactobacillus. It takes genotypic identification to promote the identification process up to the species level.
The selection index of S3 corn convergent breeding population based on multivariate analysis MAKMUR MAKMUR; MUH. FARID; AMBO ALA; KATRIANI MANDJA; MUHAMMAD FUAD ANSHORI; ANNASTYA NUR FADHILAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250324

Abstract

Abstract. Makmur, Farid M, Ala A, Mandja K, Anshori MF, Fadhilah AN. 2024. The selection index of S3 corn convergent breeding population based on multivariate analysis. Biodiversitas 25: 1097-1103. Corn is one of the most important and strategic food crops in the world, including Indonesia. Increasing corn production through a plant breeding program by assembling hybrid varieties begins with developing a convergent breeding population and index selection. The research aims to identify genetic variance and the effectiveness of selection indices in selecting high-yield S3 cross populations. The research was carried out in Rea Village, Binuang Sub-District, Polewali Mandar District, West Sulawesi from July to November 2022. The research used an augmented design with four blocks. Sixty-six lines were derived from 4 double cross populations and 8 populations of the S3 generation multiple-cross population, as well as 9 check varieties (NK7328, Pioneer 36, Bisi 18, Bisi 2, NK99, Nasa 29, JH45, Bisi 9, and NK212) were used in this study. The results indicate that the length of cobs (5.98;73.59%), length of seed cobs (7.06; 79.46%), weight of 100 seeds (7.75; 89.30%), and weight of seeds per cob (7.84; 65.59%) have moderate genetic variance and high heritability. The characteristics of stem diameter, yield percentage, and weight of seed per cob were effectively used in the selection index formulation. Based on the index selection, there were 14 potential corn lines with a good performance, recommended for the next hybridization stage.
Mangrove condition at a marine conservation area at Moramo Bay, Sulawesi, Indonesia DEDY OETAMA; LUCHMAN HAKIM; TRI D. LELONO; MUHAMMAD MUSA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241215

Abstract

Abstract. Oetama D, Hakim L, Lelono TD, Musa M. 2023. Mangrove condition at a marine conservation area at Moramo Bay, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6536-6544. The mangrove ecosystem is one ecosystem that supports biodiversity at the Marine Conservation Area (MCA) in Moramo Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The area of the mangrove ecosystem in Moramo Bay is approximately 1,933.09 hectares, with an MCA of 1,281.46 hectares. This ecosystem plays an important role in protecting the coastline from erosion due to the seawater filtration process in the bay. This study aims to provide information regarding the status of mangrove ecosystem in the MCA, including species, density, basal area, dominance, and canopy cover percentage, which was used to state the standard criteria for mangrove ecosystem damage. The methods involved a 10×10 m² transect and hemispherical photography using a fisheye lens with a 180° field of view. Seven species of mangrove were found in Moramo Bay MCA, including Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. (dominating with a basal area value of 136,963.66), followed by Sonneratia alba Sm. (153,111.90), Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (113,708.04), Rhizophora stylosa Griffith (28,869.95), Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M.Roem. (9,326.59), Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (3,419.46), and Rhizophora apiculata Blume with a basal area value of 1,690.11. The density of mangrove vegetation was in the criteria of rare to dense, with approximately 800-4,200 individuals per hectare. Furthermore, the mangrove ecosystem in the MCA was found to be damaged up to good condition, with canopy cover percentage values of 45.85%-98.88%. The condition of the mangrove ecosystem in Moramo Bay MCA preserves a basic deliberation for the Indonesian government for adaptive and sustainable management of conservation areas. Protection, preservation, and utilization of mangrove ecosystems should be maximized in all coastal areas to improve the quality of biodiversity.
Mycoflora associated with stored rice from storage facilities in Makassar and Maros, Indonesia EIRENE BRUGMAN; M. BAYU MARIO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250323

Abstract

Abstract. Brugman E, Mario MB. 2024. Mycoflora associated with stored rice from storage facilities in Makassar and Maros, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1089-1096. Rice storage is a postharvest process that aims to maintain food availability, seed supply, and price stability. One of the main problems encountered in the storage process is the potential for fungal infection and contamination, leading to postharvest loss. This research aims to evaluate the mycoflora associated with stored rice from storage facilities in Makassar and Maros and their contamination level. Fungal isolation was done by spread plating with serial dilution and direct culture method. The fungal identification was made based on morphological characters, including colony, sexual, and asexual structures. The fungal contamination was determined by colony counting, contamination percentage, and species occurrence. The result showed that all samples tested positive for fungal contamination, with an average contamination level of 83.89% (Makassar) and 86.11% (Maros). The highest colony densities in the samples from Makassar and Maros were 9.0 × 103 CFU/g and 14.2 × 103 CFU/g, respectively. The average fungal contamination in the samples from Makassar was 3.67 × 103 CFU/g, and Maros was 8.32 × 103 CFU/g. The mycoflora associated with the rice grain samples from Makassar was Rhizoctonia solani (11.34%), Aspergillus spp. (52.18%), Fusarium spp. (10.87%), Rhizopus sp. (15.22%), and unidentified cultures (10.39%). Meanwhile, the mycoflora associated with the stored rice from Maros are Curvularia sp. (15.22%), Alternaria sp. (8.7%), Aspergillus spp. (17.39%), Fusarium spp. (32.61%), Rhizopus sp. (15.22%), and Bipolaris oryzae (10.87%).
Local uses and traditional knowledge of Nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium) in Riau Province, Indonesia DESTI DESTI; RETNO MASTUTI; RODIYATI AZRIANINGSIH; ESTRI LARAS ARUMINGTYAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250522

Abstract

Abstract. Desti D, Mastuti R, Azrianingsih R, Arumingtyas EL. 2024. Local uses and traditional knowledge of Nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium Jack. Ridl.) in Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2043-2050. Nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium Jack. Ridl.), the symbolic plant of Riau Province, serves as its mascot flora. This research analyzes the local uses and traditional knowledge of nibung in both coastal and non-coastal areas of Riau, Indonesia. Ethnobotanical information regarding nibung was gathered from local communities through interviews, conducted with a structured questionnaire, supplemented by field observations and discussions with community members. Respondents were chosen using purposive and snowball sampling methods. It found that more than five types of utilization of nibung practiced by the local community, consisting of constructions, tools and utensils, medicinal purposes, as a source of vegetables or additional food, and for flavoring some dishes. In this case, stem is the highest part of nibung, which was used by the local people. In the coastal areas show a higher utilization of nibung compared to the non-coastal areas. Respondents show an understanding of the cultural and socio-economic importance of nibung, reflecting local wisdom in its utilization. They selectively harvest mature plants, leaving saplings to grow and thrive, only take a mature one, and leave the saplings to grow. Before cutting down nibung trees, they carefully choose the mature ones, and avoid cutting down those without shoots in a clump. In this investigation, the local wisdom regarding the cutting of nibung among Riau's coastal communities is known as the "memenyan" tradition. Before harvesting nibung, they perform the tradition of burning incense ("kemenyan") as a ritual for seeking permission to cut down the nibung. On the other hand, in the non-coastal areas, its tradition involves the datuk penghulu and ninik mamak, elders who play a crucial role in granting permission to cut nibung. It support conservation efforts through sustainable utilization and engaging local communities within the nibung's habitat.
Effect of substrates of transplantation of the rare epiphytic orchid Dendrobium farmeri for conservation ANCHALEE NUAMMEE; THITIPORN PINGYOT; SIRIYAKORN FOOWAN; SUPALAK PUMIKONG; WIRATA RUJICHAIPIMON; SUJINDA SORNPOOD; PRATEEP PANYADEE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250230

Abstract

Abstract. Nuammee A, Pingyot T, Foowan S, Pumikong S, Rujichaipimon W, Sornpood S, Panyadee P. 2024. Effect of substrates of transplantation of the rare epiphytic orchid Dendrobium farmeri for conservation. Biodiversitas 25: 708-715. Dendrobium farmeri Paxton is an epiphytic orchid, one of the most celebrated for its beauty. However, its natural population is dwindling, and it faces the risk of extinction. Although tissue culture techniques are successful for orchid propagations, the transplantation of in vitro-derived plantlets to ex-vitro conditions is often restricted by high mortality, which is considered a challenging and crucial stage in orchid conservation. This study investigated the effect of substrate mixtures on the survival and growth of D. farmeri plantlets under greenhouse conditions. The substrates for acclimatization contained coconut husk, charcoal chips, brick chips, sphagnum moss, fern fiber, and leaf mold in various ratios. Survival percentage and vegetative growth characteristics of plantlets were the main observations recorded. The result showed that the substrate mixture containing brick chips, charcoal chips, and sphagnum moss in a 1:1:2 ratio was the most effective, yielding 100% at 30 days and 96.7% at 180 days post-transplantation, fostering improved development of plantlets under greenhouse conditions. The findings suggest that this optimized substrate mixture could be a standard approach for acclimating D. farmeri and potentially other epiphytic orchids, enhancing conservation efforts and commercial cultivation.
Lactic acid bacteria administration from Jember tempeh (Indonesia) as a probiotic candidate in intestinal physiology and histology of mice strain Balb-C SITI NUR AZIZAH; ROSIDA ROSIDA; AMALIYAH NURUL HIDAYAH; ANIES ROHMAN DWIJAYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241258

Abstract

Abstract. Azizah SN, Rosida, Hidayah AN, Dwijayanti AR. 2023. Lactic acid bacteria administration from Jember tempeh (Indonesia) as a probiotic candidate in intestinal physiology and histology of mice strain Balb-C. Biodiversitas 24: 6969-6978. The lactic acid bacteria of tempeh have been studied for their potential as a probiotic with highly beneficial effects on health. This study aimed to investigate the potential of lactic acid bacteria from Jember tempeh on white mice's intestinal physiology and histology. The highest population of lactic acid bacteria isolated from three Jember tempeh types with GYP solid media was found in the Kaliwates tempeh (TK) at 2.74 × 108 cells/ml. According to the purification and lactic acid activity, the LAB isolates, encoded as TA.1, TB.1, TK.1, TK.2, and TK.4 are all probiotic candidates. All isolates obtained the optimum growth time at the 15th hour in TA.1 and TB.1 isolates, the 6th hour in TK.1 and TK.2 isolates, and the 8th hour in TK.4 isolate. The administration of LAB probiotics from Jember tempeh on the weight gain of mice presents a sig value of 0.38>0.05, which means an insignificant effect on the weight gain among the group. The solid feces condition of mice was also similar within groups. The administration of LAB probiotics on the intestinal histology of mice presents a sig value of 0.028<0.05, which means a significant effect within groups, showing a similar condition between the consortium administration group and the normal group. Groups TA.1, TB.1, TK.1, TK.4 and control (Lactobacillus acidophillus) had the same intestinal histology, namely partial necrosis. The administration of LAB probiotics from Jember tempeh can also reduce the population of Salmonella and Escherichia coli bacteria more effectively than without the probiotics. Thus, a good treatment group used as a probiotic candidate is a consortium.
Molecular detection of iron gene on multidrug resistant avian fecal Escherichia coli isolated from broiler on traditional markets, Surabaya, Indonesia MARIANA FEBRILIANTI RESILINDA PUTRI; IRFAN ALIAS KENDEK; FRESHINTA JELLIA WIBISONO; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; DADIK RAHARDJO; WIWIEK TYASNINGSIH; EMMANUEL NNABUIKE UGBO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241207

Abstract

Abstract. Putri MFR, Kendek IA, Wibisono FJ, Effendi MH, Rahardjo D, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN. 2023. Molecular detection of iron gene on multidrug resistant avian fecal Escherichia coli isolated from broiler on traditional markets, Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6454-6460. Avian Fecal Escherichia coli (AFEC) is the cause of colibacillosis, which often infects the poultry industry throughout the world. The virulence gene influences the iroN factor, which causes systemic infections in poultry. This research aimed to determine Multidrug Resistance (MDR) in AFEC obtained from traditional markets in Surabaya. There were 96 cloacal swab samples from broiler chickens. The samples were isolated and identified using culture media in the form of Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), gram stain, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM), Simmons Citrate Agar (SCA), Voges Proskauer (MR-VP) indole and methyl test; detection of multidrug resistance using Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) media. The results of the isolation and identification of Escherichia coli bacteria in this study showed that 60.4% of the isolates were positive for Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli is resistant to tetracycline antibiotics by 56%, ciprofloxacin by 55%, antibiotics aztreonam 29%, kanamycin 20%, and chloramphenicol 18%. The multidrug resistance test result on Escherichia coli was 25.8%. The PCR test results for the iroN gene were 40%. Therefore, there are MDR and iroN genes in avian fecal Escherichia coli in Surabaya traditional markets; APEC with iroN gene poses the potential to affect public health.
Environmental risk assessment of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd concentrations accumulated in selected mangrove roots and surrounding their sediment ROZIRWAN ROZIRWAN; NADILA NUR KHOTIMAH; WIKE AYU EKA PUTRI; FAUZIYAH FAUZIYAH; RIRIS ARYAWATI; NURHAYATI DAMIRI; ISNAINI ISNAINI; REDHO YOGA NUGROHO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241236

Abstract

Abstract. Rozirwan, Khotimah NN, Putri WAE, Fauziyah, Aryawati R, Damiri N, Isnaini, Nugroho RY. 2023. Environmental risk assessment of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd concentrations accumulated in selected mangrove roots and surrounding their sediment. Biodiversitas 24: 6733-6742. Mangroves as the largest coastal ecosystem can accumulate heavy metals from their environment. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental risk associated with heavy metal pollution accumulated in the roots of mangroves and the surrounding sediments. The mangrove roots consisted of three species Sonneratia caseolaris, Rhizopora apiculata, and Xylocarpus granatum, collected from three observation stations within the Payung Island mangrove ecosystem in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistical analysis employed one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). At the same time, ecological risk assessment utilized the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination factor (Cf), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The highest sediment concentrations of heavy metals at station 3 were 12.786±0.26 mg/kg for Pb, 10.413±0.011 mg/kg for Cu, 42.752±0.053 mg/kg for Zn, and Cd was not detected. In mangrove roots, the highest concentrations were found in S. caseolaris, with 2.596±0.002 mg/kg for Pb and 11.881±0.015 mg/kg for Zn, while X. granatum exhibited 8.850±0.011 mg/kg for Cu and 0.160±0.020 mg/kg for Cd. BCF values <1 were categorized as exclusion, Igeo<0 indicated non-contamination, Cf<1 signified low pollution, and PLI<0 denoted an unpolluted status. Based on the results, the quality of the mangrove ecosystems affected by heavy metal pollution is currently considered safe regarding environmental risk assessment.

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