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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 485   486   487   488   489 
Seagrass diversity in Pulau Banyak, Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia ERNIATI ERNIATI; YUDHO ANDIKA; IMANULLAH IMANULLAH; IMAMSHADIQIN IMAMSHADIQIN; ERLANGGA ERLANGGA; RAHMAD RAHMAD; TOHA ALI TAULADAN; FAUJIAH REZEKI SIREGAR; ANDIRA FITRI; GARA HASONANGAN RITONGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241224

Abstract

Abstract. Erniati, Andika Y, Imanullah, Imamshadiqin, Erlangga, Rahmad, Tauladan TA, Siregar FR, Fitri A, Ritonga GH. 2023. Seagrass diversity in Pulau Banyak, Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6621-6628. Seagrass is a high-level plant where life activities are submerged in seawater. Currently, the seagrass ecosystem is threatened with destruction and disappearance. The extent of seagrass ecosystems globally was estimated to have declined by about 58%. The solution to this problem is to balance local communities' utilization of biological resources and biodiversity maintenance. The biodiversity aspect of seagrass is key to the sustainability of seagrass ecosystems. Banyak Island is one of the sub-districts in Aceh Singkil Regency, which consists of a cluster of small islands and has rich fisheries and marine potential, one of them is seagrass, where station 1 is Balong Island, Stasion 2 is Balong Island, Stasion 3 is Lamun Island and Stasion 4 is Rago-Rago Island. This study aimed to assess the diversity of seagrass beds, including seagrass species composition, density, percentage cover, and water quality that affect the existence of seagrass ecosystems. This study used a purposive sampling method with 3 transect lines spaced 50 m perpendicular from the shoreline to the sea. Each transect line has 5 plots with a distance of 10 meters measuring 50 x 50 cm2, and the water quality parameters were measured in situ. This research found 5 seagrass species, namely T. hemprichii, C. rotundata, E. acroides, S. isoetifolium, and H. ovalis. C. rotundata is the species with the highest density on Matahari Island, but seagrass diversity is low, and no species were dominant in the groups. The results of PCA analysis showed that the environmental factors that most influenced the pattern of seagrass distribution and density were nitrate, phosphate, and substrate. The conclusion revealed that seagrass diversity on Banyak Islands is relatively low.
Genetic diversity of Metarhizium sp. isolated from various hosts in East Dumoga, North Sulawesi, Indonesia PARLUHUTAN SIAHAAN; ROWLAND ERVAN RUSFANDI MANGAIS; BEIVY KOLONDAM; AGUSTINA TANGAPO; SUSAN MAMBU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241250

Abstract

Abstract. Siahaan P, Mangais RER, Kolondam B, Tangapo A, Mambu S. 2023. Genetic diversity of Metarhizium sp. isolated from various hosts in East Dumoga, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6888-6896. Metarhizium fungus is an entomopathogenic fungus known to kill many insect pests. This means that Metarhizium sp. has an important ecological role in the ecosystem, especially in controlling insect populations and recycling nutrients. Studying the genetic diversity of Metarhizium species and their relationships with insect hosts provides insight into pest management and the study of their taxonomy. The study aimed to investigate the genetic variability among Metarhizium fungi by examining their respective host types, which can be used as basic data for taxonomic studies, germplasm conservation efforts, and pest management. Exploration results showed that three insect species were infected with the Metarhizium sp fungus, namely Scotinophara coarctata, Nilaparvata lugens, and Recilia dorsalis. The results of a phylogenetic analysis has shown that the S. coarctata isolate was in the same group as four comparable Metarhizium anisopliae isolates from GenBank with a similarity level of 100%, while the N. lugens and R. dorsalis isolates were in the same group as four Metarhizium huainamdangense isolates with a similarity level. 99% and three isolates of Metarhizium flavoviride with 98% similarity. Molecular analysis confirmed that the Metarhizium isolated from S. coarctata was the M. anisopliae species, while those isolated from N. lugens and R. dorsalis were the M. huainamdangense species. Differences in host insects have been proven to provide genetic variation to the Metarhizium sp. fungus.
Isolation and identification of Actinomycetes with antifungal activity from karts ecosystem in Maros-Pangkep, Indonesia HERLINA RANTE; MARIANTI A. MANGGAU; GEMINI ALAM; ERMINA PAKKI; ANDI EVI ERVIANI; NUR HAFIDAH; HAMDAYANI LANCE ABIDIN; ALIMUDDIN ALI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250203

Abstract

Abstract. Rante H, Manggau MA, Alam G, Pakki E, Erviani AE, Hafidah N, Abidin HL, Ali A. 2024. Isolation and identification of Actinomycetes with antifungal activity from karts ecosystem in Maros-Pangkep, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 458-464. Actinomycetes have yielded various biologically active secondary compounds with intriguing properties like antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer effects. This research aimed to isolate, identify, and screen the antifungi from soil environmental samples collected from the karst ecosystem in Maros-Pangkep, Indonesia. The active isolate is then fermented for the production of secondary metabolites. The fermentation process uses an M1 medium under agitated conditions at 150 rpm for 12 days. The isolate Actinomycetes were identified based on sequence gen 16S rRNA. Screening of antifungal activity was carried out against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 by antagonistic test. The diffusion method was applied using the paper disc to assess the antifungal activity. The result revealed that 8 isolates were purified from the soil samples collected. From the 8 isolates of Actinomycetes obtained, two Actinomycetes exhibited antifungal activities in the screening methods, namely isolates with code B11 and B 17. The crude extract of isolate B11 was active against C. albicans and A. niger at concentrations of 2 mg/paper disc, 1.5 mg/paper disc, and 0.75 mg/paper disc. Furthermore, isolate B17 was found to be only active against C. albicans. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that B11 showed the highest similarity to Streptomyces tuirus strain NBRC 15617.
Species diversity and conservation status of ornamental fish traded in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia ZAINAL USMAN; DIMAS RIZKY HARIYADI; LUKAS G. G. SERIHOLLO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250326

Abstract

Abstract. Usman Z, Hariyadi DR, Serihollo LGG. 2024. Species diversity and conservation status of ornamental fish traded in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1116-1126. The high demand for ornamental fish native to Indonesia has the potential to be used as a source of foreign exchange income. In addition to increasing the national income, the ornamental fish trade must also be considered to preserve the population of the fish species being sold. The study aimed to determine ornamental fish diversity and conservation status in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara. This research was conducted in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from August to September 2023. The research was conducted using survey (non-experiment) and observation methods. The survey method was carried out using a form to conduct interviews with sellers in 11 ornamental fish shops. At the same time, the observation method was used to identify the types of fish being traded. The study's results recorded 18 families, 39 genera, and 46 fish species (Include 1 species is hybrid fish). The highest species diversity came from the Cichlidae family with 9 species (1 species (Amphilophus citrinellus x Cichlasoma trimaculatum) is hybrid fish), followed by Cyprinidae with 7 species, whereas each species of the Characidae and Poecilidae families were 5 species. Conservation status shows 4 status groupings, namely Least Concern (LC), Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN), and Not Evaluated (NE). Based on these groupings, there were 32 species in the Least Concern (LC) category, 3 species in the Endangered (EN) category, 2 species in the Vulnerable (VU) category, and 8 species in the Not Evaluated (NE) and 1 unclassified category. There is only 1 species that is included in the Appendix I category, namely Scleropages formosus, and other species are Not evaluated. This is the first study conducted in Kupang City to reveal the types of ornamental fish species sold and their conservation status. The study will be useful information to the government, researchers, and other stakeholders on the potential extinction risk of each type of fish being traded.
Population structure of commercially important groupers in the coral triangle Gorontalo, Indonesia to support conservation DEWI SHINTA ACHMAD; MUH. SALEH NURDIN; IVAN TASLIM; ABIGAIL M. MOORE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241221

Abstract

Abstract. Achmad DS, Nurdin MS, Taslim I, Moore AM. 2023. Population structure of commercially important groupers in the coral triangle Gorontalo, Indonesia to support conservation. Biodiversitas 24: 6592-6601. Appropriate management units are fundamental to the conservation of species and ecosystems. In the case of exploited fishes, sustainable approaches to fisheries management are generally based on population units (stocks). This study aimed to address the lack of data to define the population structure of the stocks of two commercially important grouper species (Variola albimarginata (Baissac, 1953) and Variola louti (Forsskål, 1775)) in the Sulawesi Sea and Tomini Bay waters of Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia, in the Wallacea biodiversity hotspot. We used a combined morphometric and molecular (DNA barcoding, COI marker). We used truss network analysis with 14 characters to evaluate inter and intraspecies morphometric differences. DNA was extracted (Qiagen protocols) from tissue samples from individuals of both species in both sea areas, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. Sequence processing and phylogenetic analyses conducted in MEGA X. Both approaches show clear separation between V. albimarginata and V. louti but indicate close kinship between the north coast (Sulawesi Sea) and south coast (Tomini Bay) populations of these groupers. Under the authority of the Gorontalo Province Marine and Fisheries Service, these two populations could be managed as one stock without compromising fisheries sustainability or the conservation of these ecologically and economically valuable species.
Diversity and abundance of phytoplankton in Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia and its relationship with environmental variables RAHMADI TAMBARU; ANDI I. BURHANUDDIN; ABDUL HARIS; MUHAMMAD A. AMRAN; ARNIATI MASSINAI; AMIR HAMZAH MUHIDDIN; KHUSNUL YAQIN; FIRMAN FIRMAN; YULIANA YULIANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250221

Abstract

Abstract. Tambaru R, Burhanuddin AI, Haris A, Amran MA, Massinai A, Muhiddin AH, Yaqin K, Firman, Yuliana. 2024. Diversity and abundance of phytoplankton in Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia and its relationship with environmental variables. Biodiversitas 25: 624-631. Ecological studies of phytoplankton have been widely conducted in various bays around the world. However, such research is still limited in Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton in Bone Bay and the relationships with environmental factors. Data collection was conducted in the dry season (May to June 2023) at four stations, namely Bajoe Harbor (PB), Cappa Ujung (CU), Libureng (LB), and Tongke-Tongke (TT). At each station, seawater samples were collected and environmental variables were measured including temperature, salinity, pH, currents, and nutrients (i.e. Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonium, Orthophosphate, and Silicate). In general, the environmental variables in the studied area were within the range of optimal condition for phytoplankton to grow and develop. There were three classes of phytoplankton recorded, namely Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, and Dinophyceae, with a total of 31 genera were identified. Chaetoceros, Thallasionema, and Rhizosolenia were the dominant genera. The average abundance of phytoplankton was significantly different among stations with the highest was found in CU and PB compared to that in LB and TT (p-value <0.01). PCA analysis showed that phytoplankton abundance was related to high orthophosphate concentrations, silicate, and turbidity at the PB and CU stations, while the opposite condition occured at the LB and TT stations. Based on the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton, Bone Bay, South Sulawesi is now still in good condition, yet monitoring studies are recommended to see the changes in the future.
First report of Pyricularia oryzae the cause of blast disease in upland rice, in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara IRNA IL SANURIZA; DEWA NGURAH SUPRAPTA; RETNO KAWURI; NI LUH SURIANI; I MADE SUDANTHA; IRFAN JAYADI; KHAERUL IHWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250227

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a maincrop cultivated by farmers in Indonesia. The demand for rice has increased, but rice production has decreased due to attacks by plant pests, including pathogen blast disease. This research aims to (i) determine the symptoms of blast disease in upland rice in Lombok, (ii) determine the incidence of blast disease in upland rice in Lombok, (iii) and identify the pathogen that causes blast disease in upland rice in Lombok. The research was conducted in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. A sampling of rice crop tissue infected by blast disease was taken from 50  dryland locations in Lombok West Nusa Tenggara. From each point, three samples of rice crops with blast symptoms were taken to obtain 150 samples. Samples are then isolated and identified at the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular levels. The study results showed that the macroscopic characteristics of rice leaves were rhombus-shaped and brown, and the pathogen produced white mycelium with a fine structure. In contrast, microscopic characteristics showed that the shape of the hyphae was septate, the structure of conidiophore with autophagic cell death, long pyriform microconidia, and long pyriform macroconidia. Based on 18S rRNA gene analysis, the Blast Lombok isolate had a DNA fragment of ±550bp. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the cause of blast disease in upland rice in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, is P. oryzae.
High-throughput analysis using 16S rRNA gene of bacterial communities present in selected bivalves and gastropods species from Bayug Island, Iligan City, Philippines NITCEL AYMIE ALBARIDO; SHARON ROSE TABUGO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250150

Abstract

Abstract. Albarido NA, Tabugo SR. 2024. High-throughput analysis using 16S rRNA gene of bacterial communities present in selected bivalves and gastropods species from Bayug Island, Iligan City, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 431-438. Seashells, which include bivalves and gastropods, have global recognition for their significant contributions to the economy, ecology, and medicine. They hold value as a food source and are highly regarded as effective biological indicators. The objective of this study is to identify the bacterial communities present in selected edible species of bivalves (Pinctada margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758 and Anadara granosa Linnaeus, 1758) and gastropods (Canarium urceus Linnaeus, 1758 and Conus stercusmuscarum Linnaeus, 1758), through high-throughput sequencing metabarcoding. Bacterial samples were collected via a swabbing technique on the surface and inside parts of selected mollusc species, which were then placed on sterilized seawater for DNA extraction. Genomic DNA was isolated from the samples, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Four amplicon libraries were generated, representing the two bivalve and two gastropod species in the study area. Data analysis was conducted using the Parallel Meta Suite software. Upon quality control and processing, 173,489 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained. Within the bacterial community, the most abundant genera included Stenotrophomonas, Vibrio, Serratia, Photobacterium, and Shewanella. The assessment of alpha diversity, using the Shannon index, indicated a higher diversity in A. granosa. Furthermore, the analysis using the PICRUSt algorithm within the Parallel Meta Suite unveiled the involvement of specific bacteria found in the selected gastropod and bivalve species in various functions. These functions encompass protein production, xenobiotic metabolism, biodegradation, and other metabolism-related processes, supporting these organisms' ecological and physiological roles.
Species composition of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoids on horticultural commodities in Batu City and Malang District, East Java, Indonesia YOGO SETIAWAN; FADEL MUHAMMAD HAMDOEN; FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD; KUNIHIKO HATA; HAGUS TARNO; JIANGUO WANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250135

Abstract

Abstract. Setiawan Y, Hamdoen FM, Muhammad FN, Hata K, Tarno H, Wang J. 2024. Species composition of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoids on horticultural commodities in Batu City and Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 305-311. Bactrocera Macquart, 1835 fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the most important pests in horticultural commodities worldwide, including horticultural crops in Indonesia. Trapping is suggested to control, eradicate, and suppress fruit flies. The presence of natural enemies is a very important factor in the indicators of agroecosystem balance. This study aimed to monitor the species composition of Bactrocera fruit flies and their parasitoids in several horticultural commodities such as apples, large chili, red guava, sweet citrus, and tomatoes in Batu City and Malang District. Trapping and host-rearing methods were used in this research. A total of 7,124 individuals of Bactrocera were collected using a Steiner trap baited with methyl eugenol. They consisted of six species: Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994; Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett, 1899); Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912); Bactrocera verbascifoliae Drew & Hancock, 1994; Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, 1994; and Bactrocera umbrosa (Fabricius, 1805). The B. carambolae, B. dorsalis, and B. papayae were the three predominant species collected using Steiner traps baited with methyl eugenol. Based on the host-rearing method, B. carambolae and B. dorsalis were found in red guava fruit. Only one parasitoid species, Opius sp., was found in red guava fruit. These results provide valuable insights into the distribution of Bactrocera on horticultural commodities in Batu City and Malang District and the potential challenges regarding parasitoid presence.
In vitro screening of fungal endophytes from sandalwood (Santalum album) as antagonists to phytopathogens AGNES V. SIMAMORA; MAYAVIRA V. HAHULY; PETRONELLA S. NENOTEK; YENNY RAJA KANA; M. KASIM; RODDIALEK POLLO; ANTONIUS R. B. OLA; FADLAN PRAMATANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250142

Abstract

Abstract. Simamora AV, Hahuly MV, Nenotek PS, Kana YR, Kasim M, Pollo R, Ola AR, Pramatana F. 2024. In vitro screening of fungal endophytes from sandalwood (Santalum album) as antagonists to phytopathogens. Biodiversitas 25: 361-371. Endophytic fungi possess bioactive compounds and generate secondary metabolites like their host plants. The phytochemical compounds found in sandalwood plants (Santalum album L.) are recognized for their anti-pathogenic properties, suggesting the potential of sandalwood endophytic fungi as effective anti-phytopathogens. Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum threaten tomato plants, whereas Phytophthora palmivora is particularly detrimental to cocoa plants. The aims of this study were: (i) to obtain isolates of endophytic fungi from roots, stems, and leaves of sandalwood plants and (ii) to assess the ability of endophytic fungi as anti-phytopathogens in vitro. Endophytic fungi were isolated through a direct plating method and next by purification and identification. All obtained endophytic fungi underwent testing for their antagonistic potential against A. solani, F. oxysporum, and P. palmivora in vitro through the dual culture method. The inhibition percentage was analyzed using variance analysis and further examined with the 5% HSD test. The study successfully isolated 104 endophytic fungal isolates from the sandalwood; 29 isolates were from the roots, 33 from the stems, and 42 from the leaves. All endophytic isolates demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth of A. solani, F. oxysporum, and P. palmivora in vitro, with various inhibition percentages ranging from 26.7 to 83.3%. Further research will concentrate on secondary metabolites from selected isolates showing inhibition levels exceeding 70%.

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