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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Pragmatical utilization of beneng taro (Xanthosoma undipes) based on local knowledge of the community of Mount Karang, Pandeglang, Indonesia GUT WINDARSIH; AZIZAH FAUZIAH RAHMA; DENI MULYANA; MUHAMMAD RIFQI HARIRI; INA ERLINAWATI; INDIRA RIASTIWI; MUHAMMAD EFENDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241202

Abstract

Abstract. Windarsih G, Rahma AF, Mulyana D, Hariri MR, Erlinawati I, Riastiwi I, Efendi M. 2023. Pragmatical utilization of beneng taro (Xanthosoma undipes K.Koch) based on local knowledge of the community of Mount Karang, Pandeglang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6415-6424. Beneng taro (Xanthosoma undipes K.Koch) belongs to the order Arales and family Araceae. It is one of the staple crop commodities cultivated extensively in Mount Karang, Pandeglang District, Banten, Indonesia. This research aimed to assess the utilization of beneng taro by the local community in Mount Karang. The study was classified as descriptive research. The research used exploratory surveys and participatory rural appraisal as methodological approaches. Data collection techniques were collected through interviews, questionnaires, observations, and documentation. Moreover, 30 participants were selected using purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods. The plants were sampled randomly, 5 per location, to observe morphological traits. The findings of this study indicate that there are two local cultivars of beneng taro found in Mount Karang, including green leaf sheath and red leaf sheath cultivars. All beneng taro plant parts possess significant economic worth, including leaf blades, leaf sheaths, petioles, corms, cormels, and exudates. This plant is frequently used for food and beverage, cigarettes, medicinal ingredients, fabric production, crafts, organic fertilizer, livestock feed, fish pellets, and decorative plants. However, beneng taro with green leaf sheath is more widely cultivated in the area and consumed for food and beverage.
Spatial variability of organic matter in two mangrove ecosystems in Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia ROHAYU RAMLI; FAEZAH PARDI; HARINDER RAI SINGH; MUHAMMAD AKMAL ROSLANI; KHAIRUL NAIM ABD. AZIZ; SHARIR AIZAT KAMARUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250138

Abstract

Abstract. Ramli R, Pardi F, Singh HR, Roslani MA, Aziz KNA, Kamaruddin SA. 2024. Spatial variability of organic matter in two mangrove ecosystems in Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 329-336. Organic matter is a crucial factor influencing mangroves' structure and species composition. The present study aimed to assess and compare the organic matter content in the sediment of Pulau Dayang Bunting and Sungai Kilim mangroves ecosystem in Langkawi, Kedah. The spatial variation of the organic matter contents was measured from the sediment at different zones in a line transect at each location. The mean of organic matter content recorded in the Pulau Dayang Bunting mangroves community was recorded from 13.67% to 15.74% and 13.06% to 16.57% in the Sungai Kilim mangrove community which were classified in the medium category. Results of Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in the organic matter content between mangroves communities and only organic matter content in Station 2 was significantly different at the lower, middle, and upper zones (ANOVA one way, P<0.05). Only salinity has a negative correlation with the organic matter content in the study area (r (34) = [-0.41], p = [0.014]). The upper zones exhibited a greater concentration of organic matter due to enhanced accumulation facilitated by the vertical water mixing. Mangroves age, vegetation density, salinity, and sediment types are also crucial factors in maintaining organic matter content in the mangrove ecosystem.
The diversity of indigenous and potential bacteria as bioremediator of palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) by metagenomics assessment RIA KARNO; ENDANG ARISOESILANINGSIH; IRFAN MUSTAFA; DIAN SISWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250335

Abstract

Abstract. Karno R, Arisoesilaningsih E, Mustafa I, Siswanto D. 2024. The diversity of indigenous and potential bacteria as bioremediator of palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) by metagenomics assessment. Biodiversitas 25: 1194-1200. This study aimed to identify the indigenous bacteria for potential bioremediation agents of palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE). Samples were obtained from the secondary pond of palm oil mill treatment. The bacterial diversity on the POMSE water samples was revealed by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The results showed that the high abundance of bacteria phylum was Pseudomonadota or Proteobacteria (50%), Bacillota (31%), Bacteroidota (5%), and Thermotogae (3%). A photosynthetic sulfur bacterium, Allochromatium humboldtianum, was the most abundant species detected in the POMSE, with more than 8% of the total Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) detected. It was followed by Allochromatium phaeobacterium (6%), Allochromatium sp. (6%), and Macromonas bipunctata (6%). Meanwhile, the level of physicochemical parameters in POMSE were relatively high for several main parameters of the quality standard of palm oil industry waste, such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). In contrast, oil and fat are low and meet the quality standards. The value of POMSE physicochemical parameters, including COD, BOD, and oil and fat, were 2,492.46, 852.96, and 6.20 mg/L, respectively. Metagenomic analysis showed that the bacterial community at POMSE was highly diverse. Nine dominant and codominant species found are Allochromatium humboldtianum, Allochromatium phaeobacterium, Allochromatium sp., Allochromatium vinosum, Macromonas bipunctata, Tepidibaculum saccharolyticum, Rhodocyclus purpureus, Comamonas nitrativorans, and Fervidobacterium riparium. Several indigenous bacterial species found in this research were bacteria that have potential as bioremediation agents for palm oil wastewater.
Identification of molds producing aflatoxin from raw materials of free-range chicken feed in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia EUFRASIA R. A. LENGUR; HELENA DATEN; ANGGELINUS NADUT; PAULUS RISAN FUNAN LALONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250427

Abstract

Abstract. Lengur EAR, Daten H, Nadut A, Lalong PRF. 2024. Identification of molds producing aflatoxin from raw materials of free-range chicken feed in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1588-1595. The assessment of aflatoxin is an important determinant of animal feed quality. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify molds responsible for aflatoxin production within raw materials used in free-range chicken feed. The isolation process follows the standard “pour-plate method”, with subsequent molecular characterization and sequencing using the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene. Results indicated the highest concentration of mold cells in fish meal and moringa leaves, reaching 4.06 log CFU/g. Isolate KIJK1 exclusively appeared in fish meal, cornmeal, and moringa leaf meal, while isolate KIJKD1 was present in fish meal, cornmeal, moringa leaves, and bran meal. The colony morphology of isolate KIJK1 exhibited gray coloring with white edges, whereas, at five days old, isolate KIJKD1 displayed a green center with white edges. Isolate KIJK1 was further identified as Aspergillus fijiensis strain IHEM 18675, and KIJKD1 as Aspergillus flavus strain 2011F7, with both acknowledged aflatoxin producers. Mold contamination incidence hinges on substrate type, production processes, storage conditions, and nutritional composition. Consequently, periodic mold identification is recommended to maintain animal feed quality control.
Selection for representative environment to identify high yielding and sweetness levels of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in Indonesia ESO SOLIHIN; DWI ANDREAS SANTOSA; BUDI NUGROHO; PURWONO PURWONO; RIJA SUDIRJA; HARIS MAULANA; NADIA NURANIYA KAMALUDDIN; AGUNG KARUNIAWAN; SYAIFUL ANWAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250145

Abstract

Abstract. Solihin E, Santosa DA, Nugroho B, Purwono, Sudirja R, Maulana H, Kamaluddin NN, Karuniawan A, Anwar S. 2024. Selection for representative environment to identify high yield and sweetness levels of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 386-391. Sweet potato is one of the important and commercial agricultural commodities in the world. Yield and sweetness levels are important traits that can influence consumer preferences. Environment is an important factor in the development of sweet potatoes. A suitable environment will provide high yields and good quality. The objectives of this study were to examine the significance and relevance of sweet potato yield and sweetness levels in two locations (Sumedang and Bandung District) and to select representative environments for sweet potato yield and sweetness levels. The research was conducted in Sumedang and Bandung districts on lowland paddy field and dry land. The field experiment used a factorial randomized completed block design with three repetitions. The significance and relevance of sweet potato yield and sweetness levels was analysis using T-test. Representative environments were identified by GGE biplot. The results showed that the Bandung and Sumedang environments showed significant differences in yield but not in sweetness. The Bandung paddy field is the most representative environment for yield, while the Sumedang dry field and Bandung dry field are the most representative environments for sweetness. The results of this research can be used by researchers, farmers and industrial users in the sweet potato development program, especially the yield and yield quality.
Combining eDNA metabarcoding and conventional method in rapid screening of fish diversity in Maros-Pangkep Global Geopark, South Sulawesi, Indonesia AMBENG AMBENG; MUHAMMAD IQRAM; MAGDALENA LITAAY; ZOHRAH HASYIM; WILMA J. C. MOKA; GEORGINA MARIA TINUNGKI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250242

Abstract

Abstract. Ambeng, Iqram M, Litaay M, Hasyim Z, Moka WJC, Tinungki GM. 2024. Combining eDNA metabarcoding and conventional method in rapid screening of fish diversity in Maros-Pangkep Global Geopark, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 819-828. A newly designated geopark by UNESCO, Maros-Pangkep Global Geopark, South Sulawesi, Indonesia owns great geodiversity, exceptional cultural heritage, and high biodiversity. However, the global biodiversity crisis that has hit the earth might also occur in Maros-Pangkep river systems, potentially threatening endemic freshwater fish and all other biota. It has been reported that there is high pressure on the environment along the watershed in the Maros-Pangkep rivers, including a high sedimentation rate downstream, which is linked to extreme erosion upstream and could eventually affect fish populations such as endemic ones. This should prompt a call for the authorities to build a strategy for monitoring and documenting aquatic biota such as fish to preserve biodiversity. Environmental DNA (eDNA) could be considered a method for monitoring fish species based on the DNA traces they shed in the water. Hence, this study aims to use eDNA to survey fish biodiversity in several rivers in the Maros-Pangkep Global Geopark and compare the result against the traditional gillnet method. The results showed that using two methods, 29 fish species in 19 families and 15 orders were obtained from the three rivers. Despite the majority of detected species, 25 species, as the result of using eDNA, 4 species were only detected using a traditional method which eDNA failed to identify. Among those species, several endemic and non-native species were successfully identified by either one or both methods. This could eventually be a suggestion for responsible authorities in biodiversity conservation to combine both approaches to monitor and conserve local biodiversity.
Ethnobotany and conservation of Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Koesterm.) by Banjar Tribe in South Kalimantan, Indonesia GUNAWAN GUNAWAN; MUHAMAT MUHAMAT; MAGHFIROH MAGHFIROH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250410

Abstract

Abstract. Gunawan, Muhamat, Maghfiroh. 2024. Ethnobotany and conservation of Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Koesterm.) by Banjar Tribe in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1420-1426. Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Koesterm.) is a local fruit and has become the identity flora of South Kalimantan. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of the Banjar tribe community and formulate a conservation strategy for Kasturi as the identity flora of South Kalimantan. Data on ethnobotanical knowledge were collected through interview technique. There were two types of informant: Key informants and additional informants. Key informants were selected through snowball sampling technique while additional informants were selected a combination snowball sampling and purposive sampling technique. The informants in this study have different background: Sex, age, job, marital status, and educational levels. The informants were grouped based on their age: teenagers (10-18 years), adults (19-59 years), and elders (60+ years). Data were analyzed using the formula of Kasturi plant parts usage (F), Fidelity Level (FL). All data collected were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables or diagrams. The Banjar tribe used M. casturi as source of food (63%), building material (32%), and drugs (5%). The parts of the Kasturi plant that are widely used by the community are fruit, which is 58%, stems are 37%, and leaves are 5%. The values of F (the frequency of parts of Kasturi used) observed from the economic use and health aspects of Kasturi include: building materials, food sources, economic and medicine. The value of F for economic use are 12.78%-100% and the value F for health aspect are 5%. The result of Fidelity Level (FL) analysis proves that all age groups had 100% of FL in utilizing fruits of Kasturi as local food source. The FL of Kasturi bark used is described as follows: 51.34% among teenagers, 89.54% among adults, 87.23% among elder as building materials. The FL value of leaf described 5% among elder. Most of the Banjar tribe get Kasturi fruit from plants that grow wild in their yards (42%) and only 6% have planted. The research indicated that M. casturi had high utility value for Banjar tribe. All parts of the plant (fruits, bark, and leaves) were exploited for economic and health. Conservation of Kasturi can be performed by: (i) Network development and collaboration for conservation efforts, (ii) Ex-situ conservation, (iii) Intensification of socialization and publication of Kasturi's uses, and (iv) Environmental education. The result of the study can be used for management conservation of M. casturi to ensure the availability in the future.
Exploration of Oryza sativa drought-responsive element binding protein 2A (OsDREB2A) gene in several local Indonesian rice varieties YULIZA YULIZA; ANDI SALAMAH; HARDINI PUSPITANINGRUM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250216

Abstract

Abstract. Yuliza, Salamah A, Puspitaningrum H. 2024. Exploration of Oryza sativa drought-responsive element binding protein 2A (OsDREB2A) gene in several local Indonesian rice varieties. Biodiversitas 25: 574-582. Drought is one of the abiotic stress factors that reduces rice productivity in Indonesia. OsDREB2A is a member of the DREBP subfamily of AP2/ERF transcription factors and participates in drought stress by directly binding to DRE elements to regulate downstream gene expression. However, further research is still needed to observe each OsDREB2A gene in local Indonesian rice varieties. This research aims to explore the OsDREB2A gene in several local Indonesian rice varieties, namely from Java (Ciherang, Situbagendid, Way Apo, Inpara 32 and Inpari 42), Kalimantan (Black Rice),  Aceh (Sigupai) and West Sumba (Pare Lambem and Pare Bakato Kaka). DNA was isolated from the leaves of each variety, amplified using PCR, and then electrophoresed and sequenced. Sequencing data were analyzed using DNA Baser, BioEdit and then visualized using the SWISS-MODEL server, Rice Genome Annotation Project Database, and chromosome map tools. The results showed that nine samples had 100% query cover with the Pokkali OsDREB2A (KU159743.1) cultivar sequence, 99.86% similar percent identity compared to cultivar R180 and WAB540-1-B-P-6-1-1, 99.75% similar percent identity compared to cultivar FL-478 and 99.62% similar percent identity compared to cultivar Nona Bokra. The amino acid structure of each cultivar refers to chromosome 1 at the LOC_Os01g07120 locus.
Antioxidant activity and 1H NMR profiling of leaves and fruits of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa from South Kalimantan, Indonesia EVI MINTOWATI KUNTORINI; LILING TRIYASMONO; MARIA DEWI ASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250519

Abstract

Abstract. Kuntorini EM, Triyasmono L, Astuti MD. 2024. Antioxidant activity and 1H NMR profiling of leaves and fruits of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa from South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2020-2027. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk is a flowering plant belonging to Myrtaceae, native to southern and southeastern Asia. This study aims to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits ethanol extracts of R. tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk from two locations, namely Banjar and Batola, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The samples included old and young leaves and three stages of fruit maturity, namely green, red, and purple. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the chemical profile of extracts, which comprised organic acids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. Antioxidant capacity was assessed with DPPH, which showed intensity differences in aromatic shifts in leaves and fruits for both regions. Young leaves and green fruits had higher intensity than old leaves and red and purple fruits, correlating with antioxidant capacity. Analysis of 1H NMR spectra of young and old leaf extracts identified vital metabolites, such as gallic acid, myricetin 3-O-rhamnopyranoside, myricetin, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, as well as syringic acid, in regional chemical shifts of 10.0-6.0 ppm as aromatic compound area. The differences in spectral signal intensity revealed higher metabolite levels, specifically carbohydrates and amino acids, in red and purple fruits. However, green fruits had higher quantities of aromatic compounds.
Applications of the Zingiberaceae in traditional medicine among the Dayak Tamambaloh Tribe in Labian Ira'ang and Temau Villages, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia MARKUS IYUS SUPIANDI; HENDRIKUS JULUNG; YUDITA SUSANTI; DIDIN SYAFRUDDIN; ADRIANA GANDASARI; SUSRIYATI MAHANAL; SITI ZUBAIDAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250109

Abstract

Abstract. Supiandi MI, Julung H, Susanti Y, Syafruddin D, Gandasari A, Mahanal S, Zubaidah S. 2024. Applications of the Zingiberaceae in traditional medicine among the Dayak Tamambaloh Tribe in Labian Ira'ang and Temau Villages, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 71-78. This indigenous knowledge remains largely undocumented, primarily in oral form and only possessed by specific individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to record the Zingiberaceae species systematically applied for traditional medicine by the Dayak Tamambaloh Tribe, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia through a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected from informants and recommendation sources through different stages including a literature study, semi-structured interviews, field observations, and documentation, for subsequent analysis using descriptive methods. The results showed that Labian Ira'ang Village inhabitants utilize eight Zingiberaceae species, namely lengkuas (Alpinia galanga), lalamas (A. nieuwenhuizii), kunus baute (Curcuma zedoaria), kunus kuning (C. longa), tantamu kuning (C. xanthorhiza), sakur (Kaempferia galanga), japa (Zingiber montanum), and laia (Z. officinale). Meanwhile, the tribe in Temau reported nine species, including lqngkuas (A. galanga), kunus baute (C. zedoaria), kunus (C. longa), tantamu kuning (C. xanthorhiza), katimbang (Etlingera coccinea), randar (Hornstedtia havilandii), sakur (K. galanga), japa (Z. montanum), and laiya (Z. officinale). The results show the same types of plants used by people in Labian Ira'ang and Temau Villages, although the processing methods and uses differ. The difference is due to different experiences in gaining knowledge about using plants as traditional medicine.

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