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The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences (JELS)
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20872852     EISSN : 23381655     DOI : 10.21776/ub.jels
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
The Journal of Experimental Life Science (JELS) is a scientific journal published by Postgraduate School, University of Brawijaya as distribution media of Indonesian researcher’s results in life science to the wider community. JELS is published in every four months. JELS published scientific papers in review, short report, and articles in Life Sciences especially biology, biotechnology, nanobiology, molecular biology, botany, microbiology, genetics, neuroscience, pharmacology, toxicology, and Applied Life Science including fermentation technology, food science, immunotherapy, proteomics and other fields related to life matter. JELS is a scientific journal that published compatible qualified articles to the academic standard, scientific and all articles reviewed by the expert in their field. The Journal of Experimental Life Science (JELS) have a vision to become qualified reference media to publish the best and original research results and become the foundation of science development through invention and innovation on cellular, molecular, nanobiology, and simulation work related to life matter rapidly to the community. The Journal of Experimental Life Science (JELS) has objectives to published qualified articles on research’s results of Indonesian researchers in life science scope. JELS encompasses articles which discuss basic principles on natural phenomenon with cellular, molecular, and nanobiology approach.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 299 Documents
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Antibacterial Ability of Rhizophora mucronata Leaf Extract Against Bacterial Infections of Edwardsiella tarda Rizal Rifa'i, Ramanda Ahmad; Andayani, Sri; Fadjar, Mohamad
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2023.013.01.02

Abstract

Edwardseilla tarda is a group of gram-negative bacteria with facultative anaerobic properties that can infect both cultivated and wild fish. Edwardseilla tarda infection causes considerable economic losses in the world. Rhizopora mucronata is a plant that is known to have the ability to produce secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and flavonoids. This study aims to determine the ability of R. mucronata to inhibit the growth of E. tarda as indicated by the presence of an inhibition zone and the absorbance value in the tube dilution test. The method used in this study is the disc diffusion test and the tube dilution test. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoid and alkaloid compounds in the crude extract of R. mucronata leaves. A concentration of 15.6 mg.L-1 showed a minimal inhibitory response in inhibiting the growth of E. tarda bacteria. In comparison, the concentration of 56 mg.L-1 showed the highest inhibitory response in inhibiting the growth of E. tarda bacteria. It indicates that the compounds contained in R. mucronata can be used as alternative ingredients in medicine to treat E. tarda bacterial infections. Keywords: Alkaloid, Antibacterial, E. tarda, Flavonoid, R. mucronata.
Hypercaloric Cafeteria Diet-Induces Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Insulin Resistance, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats Palma-Jacinto, José Antonio; Santiago-Roque, Isela; Arroyo-Helguera, Omar
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2023.013.01.03

Abstract

Obesity is a public health problem associated with oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. The present study analyzed the cafeteria diet's effects on obesity, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance in Wistar rats. Thirty-five male rats were divided into four groups: 1, control (n=10); 2, cafeteria diet (n=9) during 26 weeks (age relative to human adolescence); 3, control 38 weeks (n=9); 4, cafeteria diet during 38 weeks (n=7) (age relative to human adults). The percentage of total adipose tissue (TAT), body mass index, Lee's index, and insulin sensitivity (QUICKI-HOMA) were calculated, as well as metabolic parameters such as lipid profile, glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, antioxidant and oxidative status, TNF-α, and IL-6. Both rat groups with cafeteria diet increased their weight 45.13±15.73 g and TAT 7.75 ± 0.64 g significantly at 26-week, and 46.7±9.05 g weight and TAT 9.97 ± 0.46 at 38 weeks compared to the control group (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, glucose, Insulin, TBARS, GSH, and catalase activity levels increased in both 26 and 38-week groups vs. control  (p<0.01), and TNF-α only at 26 weeks (p<0.01). In conclusion, the cafeteria diet induces obesity in rats, accompanied by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and TAT. Induction of obesity with a cafeteria diet could be used to study the mechanisms involved in the genesis of overweight, obesity, and comorbidities to establish intervention strategies to prevent these pathologies during adolescence and adulthood. Keywords: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Total Adipose Tissue, QUICKI-HOMA.
The Effect of Probiotic Doses in Biofloc Growth on Hematological and Histological Status of Catfish Teotonio Gomes, Guilherme; Andayani, Sri Andayani; Yanuhar, Uun Yanuhar
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2023.013.01.04

Abstract

Biofloc technology is one of the promising methods to overcome water quality problems in fish farming. This technology uses an environmentally friendly approach and does not harm cultivated organisms. The success of biofloc technology depends on the accuracy of determining probiotics and doses in the treatment. This study used petrofish commercial probiotics containing Lactobacillus heterochiochii, Bacillus sp., Nitrosomonas sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a bacterial density of 1.2 x 106 CFU.mL-1. This study aimed to determine the suitable doses of probiotics for growing biofloc. Biofloc has a high content of protein. In the biofloc process, fish will consume the floc. It led to hematology status and intestine histology alteration that caused effects on fish growth. The method used in this study was an experimental method with a completely randomized design with four treatments. Each treatment will be repeated three times. The variable test was a difference of doses of probiotic P0 (0 L.L-1 water), P1 (1 L.L-1 water), P2 (1.5 L.L-1 water), and P3 (2 L.L-1 water). The observations on the value of hematological status showed erythrocytes in the P2 treatment was 2.9 x 1012.L-1 and P3 was 2.5 x 1012.L-1. It was categorized as a normal condition, while P0 and P1 (2.0 x 1012.L-1) were below normal values. The hemoglobin values of P2 (9.6 g.dL-1) and P3 (9.0 g.dL-1) were in accordance with normal values, while P0 (4.9 g.dL-1) and P1 (6.1 g.dL-1) were below normal. The hematocrit value in P2 was under the normal limit of 39%, while the treatments P0, P1, and P3 were below the normal limit. The leucocyte values in all treatments (P0, P1, P2, and P3) were above the normal (high) value, influenced by high stocking density. The best intestinal villi length was found in P2, which is 2431.42 µm; the villi width is 631.90 µm. Based on the observations on all variables, it can be stated that the probiotic doses have significant biofloc growth and hematological and histological intestine status. Furthermore, the (P2) treatment with 1.5 L.L-1 water effectively affected the growth of catfish (Clarias sp). Keywords: Biofloc, Catfish, Hematology, Histology, Probiotic Petrifish.
Halophilic Bacteria Producing Protease from Salted Fish in Ponrang, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Ramadhan, Andi Muhammad Faiz; Ardyati, Tri; Jatmiko, Yoga Dwi
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2023.013.01.06

Abstract

The need for protease enzymes for medical and industrial purposes. The need for proteases in the world reaches 65% of the total sales of enzymes, and in Indonesia can reach 2.500 tons every year, and 99% percent of the enzyme needs are still imported from abroad. Salted fish is one of the foods that contain a lot of protein, which is about 42% in 100 g of salted fish. It allows the presence of proteolytic bacteria that have halophilic properties in salted fish. This study aims to explore the presence of proteolytic bacteria with halophilic properties in salted fish. Proteolytic isolates were isolated using SMA media from salted fish from Ponrang District, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. A qualitative test was carried out by measuring the clear zone formed in Skim Milk Agar (SMA). From the isolation process, 51 isolates were obtained. However, after the screening, only 25 pure isolates were found that formed a clear zone, followed by a quantitative test to see which isolates had stable activity at incubation times of 24, 48, and 72 hours using Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) media. The results obtained four superior isolates, P1A1K, P2B2PS, P3C6PS, and P3C6P, then continued to quantify halophilic bacteria properties by administering NaCl with 15% and 20% concentration into TSB media for 24 and 48 hours incubation. Two isolates with the highest protease activity were P3C6P isolates with the activity of 43.23 ± 7.11 U.mL-1 at 15% salt concentration and 42.83 ± 3.04 U.mL-1 at 20% salt concentration and P2B2PS isolates of 38.05 ± 4.05 U.mL-1 at 15% salt concentration and 38.15 ± 1.47 U.mL-1 at 20% salt concentration. The two isolates were then tested for pathogenicity on blood agar media. It was found that only P3C6P isolates did not have pathogenic properties, so P3C6P isolates were continued with catalase, oxidase, and gram staining tests, which showed negative catalase and oxidase results and were gram-positive, followed by identification based on sequences. 16S rDNA and phylogenetic tree construction where isolate P3C6P was identified as Bacillus cereus with a 100% similarity level to the WHX1 strain. Keywords: Enzyme, Protease, Proteolytic, Salted Fish, 16s-rDNA.
Isolation of Chitinolytic Bacteria as Biocontrol Agent for Pathogenic Fungi on Cocoa Fruit in Sumbermanjing District, Malang Sulistyantini, Cahyaning; Mustafa, Irfan; Jatmiko , Yoga Dwi
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2023.013.01.05

Abstract

The productivity of cocoa plants in Sumbermanjing District is lower than in other parts of Malang Regency. Diseases like pathogenic fungi are to blame for the low output of cocoa plants. This research aimed to find chitinolytic bacteria that were superior at degrading chitin and limiting the growth of pathogenic fungi. These bacteria were isolated from cocoa garden soil and shrimp shell dumps. The bacteria from soil samples taken from the shrimp shell dump in Ujungpangkah District and the cocoa gardens in Sumbermanjing District were cultivated on an agar medium supplemented with colloidal chitin. The pathogenic fungi were discovered from decaying cocoa pods from Sumbermanjing District cocoa plantations. An antagonist test was used to gauge the inhibitory power, and a semi-quantitative test was used to measure the chitinolytic index. The similarity of 16S rDNA sequences allowed for the identification of superior bacterial isolates. The T2S1 isolates of chitinolytic bacteria had the highest levels of pathogenic fungi inhibition (25.14%, 20.85%, and 25.24%). With a 16S rDNA sequence similarity of 99.77%, Bacillus subtilis C10 was identified as the bacterium T2S1. Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, Pathogenetic fungi, Cocoa, Chitinase, 16s-rDNA.
Potential of Kesambi Active Compound (Schleichera oleosa) as Antagonist G-Protein Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1) by In Silico Radita Intan Aisyah Pratiwi; Widyarti, Sri; Sumitro, Sutiman Bambang
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2023.013.01.07

Abstract

Tamoxifen is a treatment for breast cancer patients which can cause side effects of endometrial cancer because it acts as a GPER1 agonist. Active compounds from Schleichera oleosa are known to have anticancer potential, such as schleicheol and schleicherastatin, especially their ability to prevent cell proliferation. This research conducted an in silico study to determine the potential of the active compound from S. Oleosa as a GPER1 inhibitor. In silico studies include molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The data obtained are binding affinity values, potential energy, RMSD, RMSF, and conformational changes. Active compound candidates with the lowest binding affinity were selected, namely Schleicheol 1 (SCL1), Lupeol (LU), Lupeol acetate (LA), Betulinic acid (BA), and Schleicherastatin 3 (SCR3) with an order of score -8.6, - 8.5, -8.4, -8.4 and -8.4 kcal.mol-1. When complexed with GPER1-Estradiol and GPER1-Tamoxifen, the lowest binding affinity was LU (-8.6 and -8.7 kcal.mol-1). LU binds to the same amino acid as Estradiol and Tamoxifen, namely Leu:271. Based on molecular dynamics, RMSD All (receptor complex) ranged from 3,723 to 5,098 Å, above the normal limit of 3 Å. However, RMSD All shows stability starting from 1.5 ns so that the resulting data can be used. The RMSF value showed higher fluctuations than Tamoxifen at the same binding site as Tamoxifen, including SCL1-T, LU-T, LA-T, and BA-T, which can interfere with the function of the GPER1 receptor. LU, LA, BA, SCL1-T LU-T, and LA-T with GPER1 produce the same structural changes as G15 as GPER1 antagonists. The active compound, especially lupeol, which has the lowest binding affinity, is predicted to have the potential to inhibit GPER1 in silico so that it can be proposed for further testing. Keywords: Endometrial Cancer, GPER1, Schleichera oleosa, Tamoxifen.
Evaluating Arrowroot Starch Modification and Application in Wet Noodles Puspitasari, Aprilia Bertha; Manuhara, Godras Jati; Fibri, Dwi Larasatie Nur; Muhammad, Dimas Rahadian Aji
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 12 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2022.012.01.01

Abstract

Increasing the Resistant Starch (RS) level in food products containing naturally high starch content is important as RS has been acknowledged as a functional food ingredient. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of steam-cooling treatment on the characteristic of arrowroot starch and to investigate the feasibility of arrowroot-based RS application on wet noodles. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor which was the steam-cooling cycle. Later, the substitution of 5%, 10%, and 20% of modified arrowroot starches on wet noodles was used, and then the consumer test was carried out. The results showed that the RS content of arrowroot starch remained after steam-cooling treatment. The treatment, however, reduced the water content and the brightness of the starch. Subsequently, arrowroot starch substitution without or with modification also reduced the lightness and tensile strength of wet noodles. Also, wet noodles with modified arrowroot starch substitution were significantly different in color, taste, and aroma parameters but were still acceptable to the panelists at a maximum substitution of 20%. The formulated wet noodles with modified arrowroot starch contained RS of 34.02% (d/b), and therefore they can be categorized as foodstuffs with high RS levels.
Assessing the Genotoxicity Effect of a Commercial Chlorpyrifos Formulation in Fejervarya limnocharis Tadpoles (Anura: Dicroglossidae) Under Acute and Chronic Exposure Ramadani, Shima; Marhendra, Agung Pramana Warih; Kurniawan, Nia
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 12 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2022.012.01.02

Abstract

The potential for genotoxicity of pesticides is currently one of the world's concerns. Chlorpyrifos is the organophosphate active ingredient with the largest sales, but the potential for genotoxicity in amphibians is still not widely known. The purpose of this study was to assess the genotoxicity effect of a commercial chlorpyrifos formulation Dursban 200EC in F. limnocharis tadpole erythrocyte (Anura: Dicroglossidae) under acute and chronic exposure using by micronucleus assay. Acute and chronic toxicity tests consisted of negative control, positive control, and 0.4, 0.8, and 1 µg.L-1 of chlorpyrifos with three replications. A toxicity test was carried out on ten tadpoles (Gosner 25) from artificial reproductions in each treatment. The results showed that the formulation of Dursban 200EC in low concentrations (0.4 µg l-1) had the potential to induce DNA damage in erythrocytes of F. limnocharis tadpoles, and there was a positive correlation between chlorpyrifos concentrations and an increase in the frequency of MN. Erythrocytes exposed to chlorpyrifos in both acute and chronic treatment had significantly different MN frequencies between negative and positive controls, 0.4, 0.8, and 1 µg.L-1 (p<0.01). Meanwhile, positive controls were not significantly different from 1 µg.L-1 ( p>0.05). However, the increase in the frequency of MN in chronic treatment was almost twice as high.
Phytochemical Analysis of Purple Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) Roots Extract From Lawang and Kawi Mountain Cultivar, East Java, Indonesia Alam, Fajar Mustika; Kurnianingsih, Nia; Fatchiyah, Fatchiyah
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 12 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2022.012.01.03

Abstract

Indonesia has wide cultivation of purple sweet potatoes (PSP) commodities, particularly in East Java province. However, the difference of phytochemical profiles in PSP among geographical regions has not been fully explored. This study aimed to analyze the phytochemicals, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity profiles from two different cultivars of PSP from Lawang and Kawi Mountain region, East Java, Indonesia. The acidified methanol extract was identified for a phytochemical compound using standard methods. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using a ferric reducing assay. Anthocyanins were screened using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and total calculation. Both extracts have positive values in their alkaloid, phenolic, flavonoid, glycoside, and tannin content. Antioxidant activity was high with IC50 value 2.5 and 2.3 µg. mL-1 for Lawang and Kawi Mountain, respectively. Each cultivar has a similar peak at 521 nm at pH 1 and 530 nm at pH 4.5. Total anthocyanin calculation was showed that Lawang has higher anthocyanin content than Kawi Mountain cultivar. We concluded that PSP from Lawang has better anthocyanin content than the Kawi Mountain cultivar. We proposed that PSP from the Lawang cultivar has the potential to be explored in further research and health-related product development.
Isolation and Identification of Rhizosphere Bacteria Associated with Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Makitalentu, Feybe; Mustafa, Irfan; Suharjono, Suharjono
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2022.012.02.01

Abstract

Taro is one of the food crops that has the potential to maintain food security. It has a high carbohydrate content and nutrients with a low glycemic index value. Taro is widely cultivated with intercropping techniques, especially in Kedungkandang District, Malang City. However, this technique caused a decrease in talas tubers production with only 7-10 tons ha-1. This number was lower than the total optimal production with 20.7 tons ha-1 of taro tubers. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), one of the most potential biofertilizers, can solve this problem with abilities such as phosphate-solubilizing, production of IAA, and nitrogen fixation. This research aimed to analyze the potency and identify the species of taro rhizosphere bacteria that had the best ability as PGPR agents. Taro rhizosphere bacteria were isolated using Pikovskaya medium and TSA (Tryptic Soy Agar) respectively. The PGPR abilities were evaluated on the phosphate-solubilizing, production of IAA, and nitrogen fixation. A total of 12 isolates for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and ten isolates of IAA-producing bacteria. The highest concentration of phosphate solubilization was P1 isolate, with the concentration of 6.8 μg.mL-1; while I4 isolate had the highest potency for IAA production with the concentration of 23.11 μg.mL-1. Isolates P1 and I4 were selected for the nitrogen fixation ability test. P1 isolate shows the highest ammonia concentration of 2.52 μg.mL-1, and it was identified as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila with a similarity of 99.91% with Stenotrophomonas rhizophila R2A2 67. The potential isolates can be used as PGPR agents or biofertilizers to increase the production of taro plants.      Keywords: Colocasia esculenta, IAA, Nitrogen, PGPR, Phosphate.

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