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EFEKTIVITAS TEH DAUN KELOR PADA HEWAN COBA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR KOLESTEROL Ida Bagus Made Suaskara; Ni Gusti Ayu Manik Ermayanti
SIMBIOSIS Vol 10 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Moringa has many benefits because it contains several active substances that are useful for health. This study aims to determine the benefits of Moringa leaf tea to lower cholesterol in male white rats. The research method was RAK with four treatment groups. The control group (K0), group 1 (K1) with a dose of 50 mg/kg, group 2 (K2) with a dose of 75 mg/kg and group 3 (K3) with a dose of 100 mg/kg for 30 days. Each group repeated 10 rats. Statistical data analysis using SPSS for Windows version 20, and analysis of variance (variance) using Duncan at a significance level of 95%. The results obtained in this study were that the provision of tea in the form of steeping Moringa water significantly (P < 0.05) could lower cholesterol, reduce LDL and increase HDL. In conclusion, giving a dose of 75 mg/kg and a dose of 100 mg/kg can reduce cholesterol, LDL and increase HDL effectively.

DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK LENGKUAS PUTIH (Alpinia galanga L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Escherichia coli O157:H7 dan Staphylococcus epidermidis Deny Christine Sidabutar; Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa; Junita Hardini
SIMBIOSIS Vol 10 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylocccus epidermidis are bacteria that can cause disease in humans. Alternative control efforts are very important because the use of antibiotics can cause adverse side effects. This study aims to obtain extracts of white galangal (Alpinia galanga L.) in inhibiting the growth of E. coli O157:H7 and S. epidermidis. In this test, white galangal extract was macerated with three solvents at different polarity levels (96% ethanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate). The ability of white galangal extract in inhibiting bacteria was tested using the Kirby Bauer method (paper disc). The concentration of galangal extract tested was 0%; 5% ; 10% ; 15%; 20% (w/v), control (ciprofloxacin) and MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration). To determine the toxicity of the extract, the LC50 test was carried out. Meanwhile, to determine the class of compounds contained in the galangal extract, phytochemical tests were carried out using the phytochemical screening method. The results showed that white galangal extract with 96% ethanol as solvent and n-hexane was able to inhibit the test bacteria. Inhibition against E. coli O157:H7 was most effective in n-hexane solvent with an extract concentration of 20% (inhibition zone diameter 20.2 mm). while for S.epidermidis was n-hexane solvent with a concentration of 20% (inhibition zone diameter 23.5 mm). LC50 against E. coli O157:H7 with 96% ethanol and n-hexane as solvents 11.2% and 10.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the LC50 of S. epidermidis with 96% ethanol and n-hexane solvents were 9.9% and 9.3%, respectively. Qualitatively, white galangal plant extract contains a class of flavonoid compounds, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins.

KEANEKARAGAMAN TANAMAN UMBI – UMBIAN YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI PANGAN ALTERNATIF DI KECAMATAN RENDANG DAN BEBANDEM, KABUPATEN KARANGASEM, BALI Indah Tria Hoky; Ida Ayu Astarini; Made Pharmawati
SIMBIOSIS Vol 10 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengidentifikasi jenis – jenis umbi, cara pengolahan, pemanfaatan, karakteristik morfologi dan kandungan gizi dari tanaman umbi umbian yang terdapat di Kecamatan Rendang dan Kecamatan Bebandem, Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara, observasi lapangan, eksplorasi, koleksi dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitan ditemukan 9 jenis umbi-umbian yaitu Manihot esculenta Crantz., Ipomoea batatas L., Colocasia esculenta L., Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott, Amorphophallus campanulatus BI., Dioscorea alata L., D. bulbifera L., D. hipsida Dennts, dan D. aculeata. Spesies Manihot esculenta terdapat tiga varian, Ipomoea batatas terdapat 5 varian, Xantosoma sagittifolium terdapat 4 varian, Colocasia esculenta 1 varian, Amorphophallus campalunatus 1 varian, Dioscorea alata 4 varian, Dioscorea aculeata 2 varian, Dioscorea hipsida 1 varian dan Dioscorea bulbifera 2 varian. Pemanfaatan setiap jenis umbi-umbian cukup bervariasi : ubi kayu, talas,dan ubi jalar, sebelum dikonsumsi diolah dengan cara direbus, dibakar, dikukus, digoreng, sedangkan 2 jenis lainnya yaitu gadung dan suweg memerlukan perlakuan khusus sebelum dikonsumsi karena jenis umbi-umbian tersebut dapat menyebabkan keracunan. Pemanfaatan organ-organ lain dari jenis umbi-umbian dapat digunakan sebagai sayuran (daun ubi kayu, daun ubi jalar, daun talas, tangkai daun talas), obat tradisional (uwi dan ubi jalar), pakan ternak (batang talas, daun ubi jalar) dan sebagai penunjang ekonomi keluarga. Deskripsi dan karakter morfologi setiap jenis umbi berbeda. Perbedaan karakter morfologi dilihat pada perawakan, umbi (bentuk, struktur, ukuran, warna), batang (bentuk, struktur, ukuran, warna), daun (bentuk, struktur, ukuran, warna). Semua tanaman umbi – umbian yang ditemukan bisa menjadi bahan pangan utama pengganti beras karena mempunyai kandungan gizi yang kompleks. Kata kunci: Manihot esculenta Crantz., Ipomoea batatas L., Colocasia esculenta L., Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott, Amorphophallus campanulatus BI., Dioscorea spp.

PENGARUH VITAMIN C PADA PROFIL DARAH TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI NATRIUM NITRIT (NaNO2) Galih Anindita Kusumatjahja; Inna Narayani; I Made Sara Wijana
SIMBIOSIS Vol 10 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a chemical compound that is often used in food industry. NaNO2 widely used for food preservatives, mainly in processed meat products. However, NaNO2 could cause anemia by interfering with the process of transporting oxygen in the blood. The effects caused by NaNO2 could be repaired with the use of vitamin C. This study was aimed to determine the effect of vitamin C on the blood profile of rats induced by NaNO2, and the effective dose to improve the blood profile of rats. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 groups, namely K- (Aquades); K+ (NaNO2 37,5mg/kgBW); C1 (NaNO2 37,5 mg/kgBW + vitamin C 1,8 mg/animal/day); C2 (NaNO2 37,5 mg/kgBW + vitamin C 3,6 mg/animal/day). The samples used in each treatment group were 6 rats, therefore the total sample used was 24 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) strain Wistar. NaNO2 and vitamin C solutions were administered orally by the gavage method. NaNO2 solution was given until 35th day, then vitamin C solution was given on 22nd to 35th day. Blood samples were taken three times, the day before the administration of NaNO2, on the 21st day, and on the 36th day, further analysis of blood used a haematology analyzer and blood smears preparations Giemsa staining. Data were statistical analyzed by ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that Vitamin C can improve the blood profile, with the most effective dose of vitamin C is 1,8 mg/animal/day.

KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI OBAT TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT SUKU BATAK DI DESA LAWE PERBUNGA, KECAMATAN BABUL MAKMUR, ACEH TENGGARA Alprida Yanti; Eniek Kriswiyanti; A. A. Ketut Darmadi
SIMBIOSIS Vol 10 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Traditional medicine is a mixture of natural ingredients that have been used for generations for treatment based on experience which is inherited from their ancestors. Traditional medicine systems are generally closely related to religious aspects and also use natural elements such as plants, animals, and minerals. One of the people who still use traditional medicine is the Batak tribe in Lawe Perbunga, Babul Makmur Sub-district, Southeast Aceh. This study aims to examine the types of plants, plant parts used, processing methods and the use of traditional medicines is the Batak tribe in Lawe Perbunga, Babul Makmur Sub-district, Southeast Aceh. The method used in this research is purposive sampling and snowball to determine 40 respondents. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, documentation and literature study. Data analysis used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The types of plants used as ingredients for traditional medicinal consist of 21 species and 18 family for the treatment of 20 types of diseases. The plant parts used as medicinal ingredients, respectively, were leaves, fruit, tubers, rhizomes, sap, stems and roots respectively 48,39%, 12,90%, 12,90%, 9,68%, 6,45%, 6,45%, and 3,23%. Processing of traditional medicinal ingredients in 5 ways, namely without being processed, boiled, sliced, brewed and roasted, respectively, by 43,75%, 20,31%, 20,31%, 9,38% and 6,25%.The use of traditional medicine are carried out in 4 ways, namely drinking, eating, smearing, and affixing respectively 45,59%, 29,41%, 17,65% and 7,35%. Keywords: Lawe Perbunga Village, use, processing, medicinal plants

PEMANFAATAN Trichoderma spp. SEBAGAI BIOKONTROL Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L.) Candra Dewi Oktaviawati; Sang Ketut Sudirga; Junita Hardini
SIMBIOSIS Vol 10 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. on soybeans was one of the diseases in the cultivation that caused a decrease in soybeans (Glycine max L.) production. One of the efforts in increasing the growth and the resistance of the soybean was by using the biological agent named Trichoderma spp. This study aimed to control the intensity of the Sclerotium rolfsii that can cause disease in soybeans. this research was conducted from July 2021 to September 2021 at the Biochemical laboratory and at the Green House owned by the Biology Department FMIPA, Udayana University. The research used an completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments; a) growing media without the treatment (control); b) growing media + 10 g Trichoderma spp., and without S. rolfsii; c) growing media without Trichoderma spp., + 5 g S. rolfsii; d) growing media + 15 g Trichoderma spp., and 5 g S. rolfsii; e) growing media + 20 g Trichoderma spp., and 5 g S. rolfsii. In this research, the treatment was repeated 5 times and 25 combinations of treatments were obtained. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used in this study to analyze the data, it was found that there was a different result <0,05, then it was continued by using the analysis of Post Hoc Duncan Test. According to the research, it was found that there were two different results. Based on in vitro method, it can be concluded that Trichoderma spp. can inhibit S. rolfsii by about 55,56%. Meanwhile, based on in vivo method, it can be concluded that Trichoderma spp. can inhibit S. rolfsii about 40% which the optimal dose of Trichoderma spp. was about 20 g, the highest plant height was 64.4 cm, the highest average dry weight of shoots was 5.1 g, the highest average dry weight of roots was 0.5 g, and the highest average pod weight was 17.0 g.

KUANTIFIKASI DNA PADA MAHASISWA PEROKOK DAN BUKAN PEROKOK DI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN KECAMATAN MEDAN TEMBUNG KOTA MEDAN PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA Kezia Artanauli Purba; I Ketut Junitha; Ni Nyoman Wirasiti
SIMBIOSIS Vol 10 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Individual identification is very important in forensics. DNA can be obtained from all parts of the body with the same profile in everyone. Oral mucosal epithelium is one of the sources of DNA that is often used to examine individuals because it is taken using a harmless swab method. Smoke is one of the behaviors that are mostly done by young people or teenagers. Cigarette smoke affects the cells of the oral mucosa because it is a free radical. Free radicals are reactive oxygen compounds which are compounds with unpaired electrons. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid polymer that is systematically arranged and is a carrier of genetic information that is passed on to offspring. This study aims to determine the quality and quantity of DNA in non-smoking and smoking students at the State University of Medan, Medan Tembung District, Medan City, North Sumatra Province. Samples were taken by swab method, namely mucosal epithelium from 60 probands consisting of 30 smoker proband and 30 non- smoking proband aged 18-22. The cheek in the probandus is swabbed from the back to the front in one direction. In this study, DNA extraction was carried out using a chelex solution which aims to separate DNA from protein, test the quantity of DNA with a spectrophotometer and test the quality of DNA with agarose gel. The results showed that the average DNA quantity in the oral mucosal samples was 1.96 ng/µL in the smokers proband and 6.92 ng/µL in the non-smoker proband and. The results of the quality test using electrophoresis on agarose gel showed that smoking students had thin bands of fluorescence and in some samples no bands of fluorescence at all. Meanwhile, in the probandus of non-smoker students, there were several samples that showed thin bands of luminescence and stains.

POTENSI EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Colletotrichum acutatum PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BUSUK PADA BUAH CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annuum L.) PASCA PANEN Fania Agustini; Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa; Ni Luh Arpiwi
SIMBIOSIS Vol 10 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

This study aims to find out the potency of garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) to the growth of Colletotrichum acutatum fungus which cause rot of red chili fruit post-harvest. The treatments were the administration of garlic extract in-vitro and in-vivo. In the in-vitro test, the inhibition of garlic extract was measured using well diffusion method. The in-vivo test was conducted by measuring the diameter area of C. acutatum on red chilies after treatments. The concentration of garlic extract given was 15%(b/v), 20%(b/v), 25%(b/v), 30%(b/v), and 35%(b/v) with positive control of synthetic fungicides and negative control of ethanol solvents 95% and 4 times replications. The average diameter result on the 25%(b/v) concentration of bland power test had the most effective bland zone diameter of 20.1±0.08. Statistically different was real (P?0.05) with negative controls. While in vivo tests the average area of infection area at a concentration of 35%(b/v) had an average diameter area of infection area which was best in inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum fungus.

DETERMINASI TOTAL BAKTERI DAN Escherichia coli PADA TELUR BURUNG PERKUTUT (Geopelia striata) YANG GAGAL MENETAS DI BEBERAPA PENANGKARAN LOKAL DENPASAR, BALI Aryadi Millenia Saputra; Retno Kawuri; Job Nico Subagio
SIMBIOSIS Vol 10 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Birds have an attraction that has unique colors and melodious sounds, including the Zebra Dove (Geopelia striata). The high economic value of the Zebra Dove (G. striata) for the community causes excessive hunting and trading of these animals so that it can reduce bird populations in the wild. Conservation efforts are carried out to prevent the decline in bird populations in nature, namely bird breeding places. Bacterial contamination is an obstacle during the breeding process of birds. The purpose of this study was to determine the Total Plate Count (TPC) of bacteria and Escherichia coli in samples of contents and shells of Zebra Dove eggs (G. striata) that failed to hatch from several local bird breeders Denpasar, Bali. The research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Biology Study Program, FMIPA Udayana University. The method used is the pour plate TPC test on Nutrient Agar (NA) and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media. The results of the bacterial TPC test in the egg contents and egg shell sample obtained the highest average was found in the third breeder, while the lowest in the first breeder. Escherichia coli TPC results on the egg contents and egg shell sample obtained the highest average was found in the third breeder. The presence of the TPC of bacteria and Escherichia coli in the contents and shell samples of Zebra Dove (G. striata) varied every breeder.

ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK VARIETAS JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) HIBRIDA MENGGUNAKAN MARKA RAPD (RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA) Viryanando Evan Rahardja; Made Pharmawati; Ni Made Gari
SIMBIOSIS Vol 10 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Udayana

Analisis keragaman genetik sangat penting dalam perakitan tanaman jagung (Zea mays L) hibrida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik dari enam varietas jagung menggunakan teknik PCR-RAPD (Polymerase Chain Reaction- Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Varietas jagung hibrida yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah varietas jagung Srikandi, Arumba, Mira, Magenta, dan Simba. Varietas jagung lokal yang berasal dari Pulau Rote, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur digunakan sebagai pembanding. Benih ditanam untuk pengamatan karakteristik morfologi dan sampel ekstraksi DNA. DNA diekstraksi dengan metode CTAB dan PCR-RAPD dilakukan menggunakan 3 primer. Ukuran produk PCR ditentukan menggunakan kertas semilog. Keragaman genetik antar varietas dianalisis menggunakan program MVSP (Multi-Variate Statistical Package) dengan metode UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean). Hasil PCR-RAPD memberikan jumlah pita DNA sebanyak 28 dengan ukuran 310 bp hingga 1550 bp bp dan menghasilkan 23 pita polimorfik. Berdasarkan dendrogram yang dihasilkan dari PCR-RAPD, terdapat satu klaster yang terdiri atas varietas Rote, Srikandi, Arumba, Mira, dan Magenta, serta satu klaster lain yang terdiri atas varietas Simba. Varietas lokal Rote dan varietas hibrida Srikandi memiliki jarak genetik terdekat, sementara varietas Simba memiliki jarak genetik terjauh.

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Bali

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