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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
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Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds isolated from Swietenia mahagoni (L) Jacq. against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mustofa, Handry Darussalam, Titik Nuryastuti, Mursiti,
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 04 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (107.331 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004604201402

Abstract

Widespread bacterial resistance has led to more difficult to treat infectious diseases with availableantibiotics. Therefore, new antibiotics are needed face of the growing antibiotic resistance. Swieteniamahagoni (L.) Jacq. is one of potential medicinal plants as a source new antibiotics. Five compoundshave been isolated from an ethanolic extract of S. mahagoni (L.) Jacq., however its antimicrobialactivity has not been investigated, yet. This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobialactivity of these compounds. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal BactericidalConcentration (MBC) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosastrains. Among five compounds tested, compound 3 (3,4,5,6,7-pentaethyl-1-methoxy-1H-indazole)and compound 4 (5-ethyl-6-methoxymethyl-2-methyl-1,2-dihydropyridine) were found to be activeagainst the bactrial strains tested with the MICs and MBCs values ranged from 50 to 100 μg/mL. Inconclusion, among five compounds isolated from S. mahagoni (L.) Jacq., compound 3 and 4showed moderate antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains.
Zinc deficiency and school-age children’s memories Indria Laksmi Gamayanti, Setianingsih, Djaswadi Dasuki,
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 03 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (115.861 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004603201403

Abstract

Zinc deficiency is associated with cognitive and motor delay in children. Moreover, it is associatedwith deficits in activity and attention in nutritional deficiency children. This study was conductedto evaluate the correlation between zinc deficiency with memory of children. A cross sectionalstudy design was employed from June 1st to 30th, 2013 among school-age children in KlatenDistrict, Central Java who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixty five eligible children wereassessed their health, socio-economic and nutritional status. Hemoglobin levels were measuredby the standart cyanoblue method. Plasma zinc levels were analyzed with flame atomic absorptionspectrophotometry (AAS). Short-term memory (STM) was measured using the instrument WechslerIntellegence Scale for Children (WISC0 subtest Digit Span Memory Test and long term memory(LTM) was assessed using the recall of narrative. Independent t-test was used to compare theSTM or LTM between groups of each independent factors. Linear regression analysis was usedto determine the independent factors associated with the STM or LTM. The STM scores of thechildren with zinc deficiency (6.1 ± 1.3) was significantly higher than those with normal zinclevel (10.7 ± 3.1) [p=0.0004; 95%CI= -6.98 – (-2.14)]. However, the LTM for both group ofthe children were not significantly different (p=0.658; 95%CI= -3.16 – 2.01). A significantcorrelations between zinc levels, hemoglobin level and socio-economic status with the STM scoreswere observed (p<0.05), whereas nutritional status was not (p>0.05). In contrast, no significantcorrelations between zinc levels, hemoglobin levels, socio-economic status, nutritional status andthe LTM scores was observed in the school age children (p>0.05). In conclusion, zinc deficiency isassociated with STM loss in the school age children, however it is not associated with LTM loss.Moreover, hemoglobin level and socio-economic status are found to be independent factors forSTM loss, however they are not independent factors for LTM loss.
The relationship between serum malondialdehyde levels and severity of acne vulgaris on male Kristiana Etnawati, Aprilina Dwi Sulistyowati, Dwi Retno Adiwinarni,
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 04 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (105.308 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004604201403

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disorder characterized by seborrhea, microcomedones, comedones,papules, pustules, nodules and possibly scarring. The pathogenesis of acne is not completelyunderstood. Recent studies reported the possible role of reactive oxygen spesies (ROS) especiallylipid peroxides in mediating acne inflammation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the final productsof the lipid peroxidation that commonly used as a lipid peroxidation marker. This study was conductedto evaluate the correlation between serum MDA levels and severity of acne on male patients. A total60 patients with acne who attended in Polyclinic of Department of Dermatology and Venereology,Dr Sardjito General Hospital and met the inclusion and exclusion were involved in the study. Thepatients were then classified using combined acne severity classification method into three group asmild, modrate and severe acnes. Blood sample were then taken from all subjects and serum MDAlevels were determined spectrophotometer. The mean serum MDA levels of severe acne group(1.85 ± 0.368 μmol/L) were significantly higher than that moderate acne group (0.79 ± 0.159μmol/L) (p = 0.000) and that mild acne group (0.52 ± 0.239 μmol/L) (p = 0.000). Moreover, themean MDA levels of moderate acne group were also significantly higher than that mild acne group(p = 0.002). Significantly positive correlation was observed between serum MDA levels and acnelesions total count (r = 0.714; p = 0.000). It can be concluded, there is positive relationshipbetween serum MDA levels and severity of acne vulgaris on male patients.
The effect povidone-iodine on the wound healing process: A study on fibroblast populated collagen lattice (FPCL) model Arief Budiyanto, Widodo Wirohadidjojo, Retno Danarti, Suswardana,
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 03 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (113.34 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie.004603201401

Abstract

Povidone-iodine (PI) 10% solution is an effective antiseptic. However, it appears to be toxic tothe cells involved in wound healing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of PI oncultured human fibroblast using fibroblast populated collagen lattice (FPCL) model. The culturedhuman fibroblast was divided into 6 groups i.e. 5 groups were exposed by PI 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001and 0.0001%, and 1 group was exposed by phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS). Twenty-four hourslater, the media was washed using PBS. The size of the FPCL media on each group wasobserved over time by serial photographs, which then were measured by Image-J computerprogram. Exposure of 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0001 PI caused an obvious reduction of fibroblast’scontraction capability on FPCL media, which described temporary fibroblast injury, that showinga concentration-dependent recovery phenomenon after 48th hour. Furthermore, 1% PI exposureleads to a permanent fibroblast injury. In conclusion, PI exposure in concentration more than0.1% has a permanent toxic effect on fibroblast that clearly observed using a simple FPCLmodel.
Sedative hypnotics use as the risk factor for fall incidents on geriatric patients Woro Rukmi Pratiwi, Christi Mambo, Jarir At Thobari,
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 04 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (145.202 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004604201404

Abstract

Fall incident is one of geriatric syndromes that cause an increasing public health burden worldwide.The risk factors for falls incidents on geriatric patients have been identified included medicationuse. Benzodiazepine is a sedative hypnotic that found to be associated with an increase fallincidents. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of sedative hypnotics on the riskof fall incidents on geriatric patients. This was an observational study using cohort designinvolving 188 eligible geriatric patients comprising 94 patients who take sedative hypnotics and94 patients who not. All pasients then underwent a test for functional mobility and fall riskusing timed “up & go” test (TUG). The subjects who take ≤ 20 seconds to complete the TUG wasconsidered to have low risk for fall incidents, whereas those who take >20 seconds was consideredto have high risk for fall incidents. The results showed that the use of sedative hypnotics, sex,and number of drugs taken were associated with fall incidents on geriatric patients. Geriatricpatients who use sedative hypnotics were 2.41 times higher at risk of fall incidents than thosewho not use sedative hypnotics (95%CI;1.12-5.17; p=0.023). Geriatric patients who takealprazolam were 2.78 times higher at risk of fall incidents compared to those who not take(95% CI: 1.49-5.19; p=0.028). Furthermore, female geriatric patients were 3.29 times higher atrisk of fall incidents compared to male geriatic patients (95%CI: 1.58-6.88; p=0.001) and theuse of ≥ 4 kinds of drugs were 2.76 times higher at risk of fall incidents compared to the use of<4 kinds of drugs (95%CI:1.21-6.29; p=0.015). In conclusion, sedative hypnotics is found tobe a risk factor for fall incidents on geriatric patients.
Binaural entrainment of 2000-2040 Hz and 2000-2090 Hz increase Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) expression of astrocytes in the CA1 rat hippocampus during operant learning conditioning Nugraha, Zainuri Sabta; Aswin, Soedjono; Harijadi, Harijadi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 03 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (142.092 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004603201401

Abstract

Astrocytes of hippocampus contribute in the learning performance. Entrainment of gamma wavescan improve learning performance by improving the neurons to astrocytes communication. Theaim of this study was to evaluate the effect of binaural entrainment of 2000-2040 Hz and 2000-2090 Hz on Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) expression in astrocytes of the CA1 region ofrat hippocampus during operant learning conditions. Twenty male Wistar rats aged 4-6 weekswith body weight 100-150 g were devided into 4 groups. Group I was given binaural soundsentrainment at 2000-2040 Hz without learning test. Group II was given entrainment as performedin Group I followed by a learning test. Group III was given binaural sounds entrainment at 2000-2090 followed by a learning test. Group IV was not given entrainment nor learning test. Theentrainment was performed for 30 minutes everyday for 12 days and the learning test wasperformed for 10 minutes everyday for 12 days. The GFAP expression was examinedimminohistochemically. Astrocytes processes and astrocytes histoscore were also calculated.The results showed that the number of the GFAP-positive astrocytes in Group I (70.96 ± 4.86),II (69.76±3.07) and III (63.10±5.85) were significantly higher than Control (47.33±1.33)(p<0.05). The number of the processes astrocytes in Group I (47.64 ± 3.87), II (60.66±2.07)and III (54.17±6.38) was significantly higher than Control (30.87±2.69) (p<0.05). Moreover,the number of the processes astrocytes in Group II was significantly higher than Group I (p=0.016).The astrocytes histoscore index in the Group II (115.58±14.13) and III (78.32±22.23) weresignificantly higher than Group I (28.79 ± 9.61) and Control (16.05±1.64) (p<0.05). Inconclusion, the binaural entrainment of 2000-2040 Hz and 2000-2090 Hz increase GFAP expressionof astrocytes in Cornu Ammonus 1 (CA1) region of rat hippocampus during operant learningconditioning.
Secondary acute myeloblastic leukemia after adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in breast cancer: A case report Kartika Widayati Taroeno-Hariadi, Mardiah Suci Hardianti, Johan Kurnianda,
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 03 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19106/jms.v46i03.7311

Abstract

A rising number of long-term survivors and potential long-term outcome related to the treatment isone of the most important issue due to the advances of management in cancer. The development ofsecondary malignancy has been reported in a number of cohorts. We present a case of breast cancerpatient developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML)- M5 within a relatively short interval of two and ahalf years from her primary treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy with 4 cycles of doxorubicin andcyclophosphamide, followed by 4 cycles of three weekly paclitaxel (AC-T) and radiotherapy. Whatcould be attributed to the occurrence of secondary leukemia in this patient will be discussed.
Prognostic factors for frequent episodic asthma in children Noormanto, Sulaiman Hamid, Amalia Setyati,
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 04 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (81.017 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004604201405

Abstract

Asthma is a major health problem affecting millions of children worldwide. The prevalence of asthmain children tends to increase annually in the world. Therefore, identification of the prognostic factorsfor episodic asthma is important to perform early prevention of asthma attacks in children. Thestudy was performed to identify the prognostic factors for frequent episodic asthma in children. Thiswas a retrospective cohort study involving asthmatic children who attended the Emergency Unit orOutpatient Clinic of the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Theinclusion criteria were asthmatic children aged over 7 years, suffering from asthma over 2 years andgetting agreement from their parents as expressed by signed an informed consent. The exclusioncriteria were children with other chronic obtructive pulmonary diseases beside asthma and childrenwith cardiovascular diseases. Subjects were grouped into two groups i.e. Case Group and ControlGroup. The Case Group was children with frequent episodic asthma while the Control Group waschildren with infrequent episodic asthma. Prognostic factors for episodic asthma were then gatheredby giving a questionnaire to their parents. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationshipbetween prognostic factors and episodic asthma. A total of 94 subjects comprising 37 (36.4%)subjects with frequent episodic asthma and 57 (63.6%) subjects with infrequent episodic asthmawere involved in the study. Furthermore, response to initial theraphy was significantly associatedwith frequent episodic asthma (RR= 8.64; 95%CI= 0.47-2.50; p=0.001). Whereas, nutritionalstatus, patients age when asthma diagnosed, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, exposureof secondhand smoke and welfare were not (p>0.05). In conclusion, the initial therapy is prognosticfactors for frequent episodic asthma in children.
Current in vitro assay to determine bacterial biofilm formation of clinical isolates Nuryastuti, Titik
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 03 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (113.978 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004603201406

Abstract

Biofilm mode of growth is bacterial lifestyle widespread in microbial world and represents a concernin health care. Recently, serious problem concerning biofilm-related infection is increasing significantly.However complexity of biofilm makes it difficult to conduct proper analysis. Although biofilm representsa major challenge for microbiologist, methods aimed to determine biofilm formation and developmentare not standardized yet. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of the advantagesand disadvantages of the difference in vitro methods for determining biofilm forming ability ofclinical isolates.
Low CD4+ T cell counts are not risk factor for Malassezia species infection in HIV/AIDS patients Agnes Sri Siswati, Epi Panjaitan, Satiti Retno Pudjiati,
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 04 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (105.761 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004604201401

Abstract

Human immunodefiiency virus (HIV) infection and aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)cause a progressive depletion of CD4+ T cell populations accompanied by progressive impairmentof cellular immunity and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Seborrheic dermatitisis one of the most common skin opportunistic infections on HIV/AIDS patients. Malasseziaspecies is bilieved as the causative of seborrheic dermatitis. The aim of the study was to evaluatelow CD4+ T cell counts as risk factor for Malassezia sp. infection in HIV/AIDS patients. This wasan observational study with cross-sectional design conducted on HIV/AIDS patients who attendedin Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Culture ofMalassezia sp. was conducted in Department of Microbiology and classified as high (>100 CFU/tape) and low (<100 CFU/tape) density colonies. CD4+ T cell counts were measured in Departmentof Clinical Pathology and classified as high (>200 cells/mm3) and low (<200 cells/mm3) CD4+ Tcell counts. A total of 83 subjects with HIV/AIDS comprising 54 (65.1%) males and 29 (34.9%)females aged 20 - >60 years were involved in the study. The number of Malassezia sp. colonyon subjects with high and low CD4+ T cell counts were 31.55 ± 26.21 and 25.2 ± 33.89 CFU/tape, respectively. No significantly relationship between between CD4+ T cell count and Malasseziasp. colony number was observed in the study (p=0.607; 95%CI=0.04-5.19; RP=0.452). Inconclusion, low CD4+ T cell counts is not risk factor for Malassezia sp. infection in HIV/AIDSpatients.

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