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THE MECHANISM OF HUMAN OVARIAN PRIMORDIAL FOLLICULAR ASSEMBLY AND DEVELOPMENT Sutandar, Yosep; Santoso, Suryono S.I.
JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan UGM

Yosep Sutandar1, Suryono S.I. Santoso2Â ABSTRAKÂ Latar Belakang: Pembentukan dan perkembangan folikel primordial merupakan aspek yang penting pada sistem reproduksi perempuan, tetapi mekanismenya masih kurang dipahami. Pembentukan folikel primordial adalah proses dimana folikel primordial ovarium terbentuk. Sebuah folikel primordial terdiri dari oosit yang berada di profase jika pembelahan meiosis yang pertama dan dikelilingi oleh satu lapisan sel-sel pra-granulosa. Proses ini secara langsung memengaruhi jumlah oosit yang tersedia bagi seorang wanita sepanjang usia reproduksinya. Kelainan pada perkembangan folikel primordial menyebabkan sejumlah patofisiologi, tetapi mekanisme terjadi masih belum dapat dipahami.Tujuan: Untuk memahami mekanisme perakitan dan pengembangan manusia ovarium folikel primordial. Metode: Review artikelKesimpulan: Pembentukan folikel primordial adalah proses dimana folikel primordial ovarium terbentuk. Pembentukan folikel primordial dihambat oleh progesteron untuk tingkat yang lebih besar daripada estrogen, namun kedua steroid tersebut menghambat proses pembentukan. Proses apoptosis oosit secara acak dalam sarang oosit diperlukan untuk pembentukan folikel dan tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) tampaknya juga terlibat dalam proses ini. Baru-baru ini, penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa KL, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), KGF, dan bone morphogenic protein -4 (BMP-4) dapat memengaruhi perkembangan folikel primordial.Kata kunci: folikel, primordial, pembentukan, perkembangan.Â ABSTRACTÂ Backgrounds: primordial follicle assembly and development is a critical aspect of female reproduction, but poorly understood process on mechanistic level. Primordial follicle assembly is the process by which ovarian primordial follicles are formed. A primordial follicle is composed of an oocyte arrested in prophase if the first meiotic division and surrounded by a single layer of pre-granulosa cells. These processes directly affect the number of oocytes available to a female throughout her reproductive life. Abnormalities in primordial follicle development lead to a number of pathologies, but the mechanism are poorly understood.Objective: To understand the mechanism of assembly and development of human ovarian primordial follicle. Method: Literature reviewConclusion: Primordial follicle assembly is the process by which ovarian primordial follicles are formed. Primordial follicle assembly was inhibited by progesterone to a greater degree than estrogen, but both steroids inhibited the assembly process. The apoptosis of random oocytes in the oocyte nests is required for primordial follicle assembly and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFÎ²) appears to be involved in this process. More recently, studies have demonstrated that KL, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), KGF, and bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4) can influence primordial follicle development.Key words: follicle, primordial, assembly, development1,2Â Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia, National Center Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Telephone: 081294037518. Email: yosep.sutandar@gmail.comÂ

MICROVOLUME OF 0.1ÂµL GAMA SLEEVED CRYOLOOPS FOR BLASTOCYST VITRIFICATION OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY PATIENTS Hanoum, Ita Fauzia; Boediono, Arief; Pangestu, Mulyoto; Haryadi, Dwi; Widad, Shofwal; Dasuki, Djaswadi
JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan UGM

Ita Fauzia Hanoum1,2, Arief Boediono3, Mulyoto Pangestu4,5, Dwi Haryadi1,Shofwal Widad1,2, Djaswadi Dasuki1,2Â ABSTRAKÂ Latar Belakang: Prosedur embrio vitrifikasi menggunakan alat berupa grid, straw atau cryoloop. Gama Sleeved cryoloop dibuat dan dikembangkan di klinik Permata Hati. Untuk itu, dilakukan pengamatan keberhasilan prosedur vitrifikasi menggunakan 0.1Âµl Gama Sleeved cryoloop.Metode: Vitrifikasi dilakukan pada blastokis dengan kualitas baik yang diperoleh pada hari ke 5 setelah fertilisasi. Inform consent telah disampaikan sebelumnya kepada pasien program bayi tabung di Klinik Permata Hati. Prosedur dilakukan dengan menggunakan media handling (GMOPS Plus; Vitrolife) embrio diinkubasi selama 1 menit; (7.5% EG (v/v); 7.5% DMSO (v/v)) selama 2-3 menit, (15% EG (v/v); 15% DMSO v/v; 10 mg/ml Ficoll; 0.65 M Sucrosa) selama 30 detik pada suhu ruang sebelum kemudian diletakkan di dalam cryoloop, setelah itu secara cepat cryoloop yang berisi embrio dibenamkan ke dalam nitrogen cair. Sebelum dilakukan embryo transfer (ET), embrio dihangatkan dengan cara two step technique (sucrose 0.25M) selama 2 menit dan selama 3 menit (sucrose 0.125M).Hasil: Sejumlah 97 blastokis divitrifikasi dan dihangatkan (67 pasien), dimana 91 blastokis berhasil ditransfer ke rahim ibu (93.8%). Blastokis yang tidak berhasil selamat dari prosedur penghangatan adalah blastokis dengan kerusakan lebih dari 50%. Diperoleh kehamilan klinis 43.3% sedangkan angka implantasi adalah 37.4%. Sampai saat ini, dilaporkan 20 kelahiran (23 bayi) dari program vitrifikasi menggunakan 0.1Âµl Gama Sleeved cryoloop, sementara 5 kehamilan masih berlangsung. Satu kehamilan dilaporkan gugur pada usia kehamilan yang masih sangat awal, dua keguguran pada usia kehamilan 12 minggu dan satu bayi lahir meninggal karena kelainan kongenital.Kesimpulan: 0.1Âµl Gama Sleeved cryoloop merupakan pilihan untuk digunakan sebagai alat vitrifikasi blastokis. Data awal yang kami sampaikan dan kelahiran bayi dari program tersebut memberikan harapan untuk kesuksesan program simpan beku embrio di klinik Permata Hati RSUP DR Sardjito Yogyakarta.Kata kunci: kriopreservasi, blastokis, vitrifikasiÂ ABSTRACTBackground: Vitrification has been applied succesfully in human embryo using grid, straw and cryoloop. Gama Sleeved is a home made device develop at Permata Hati. We assessed the survival rate of human blastocyst vitrified in 0.1Âµl Gama Sleeved cryoloop as device.Method: Excess good grade human D5 embryos were vitrified, upon a detailed informed consent. Embryos were hold in handling media (GMOPS Plus; Vitrolife) for 1 minute; (7.5% EG (v/v); 7.5% DMSO (v/v)) for 2-3 minutes, (15% EG (v/v); 15% DMSO v/v; 10 mg/ml Ficoll; 0.65 M Sucrosa) for 30 seconds at room temperature before inserted in to the loops, then directly plunged into the liquid nitrogen. Prior to ET, embryos were warmed by two step technique in sucrose 0.25M for 2 min and 0.125M sucrosa for 3 min. Embryos were then cultured.Results: Total of 97 vitrified warmed human blastocyst (67 patients) were used and 91 (93.8%) were transferred. Non-transferred blastocyst (6.2%) has more than 50% lyse. The clinical pregnancy rate was 43.9%. The implantation rate was 37.4%. Currently, 20 deliveries of 23 babies born from vitrified blastocyst using 0.1Âµl Gama Sleeved cryoloop, and another 5 ongoing pregnancy. So far there was 1 early pregnancy loss, 2 miscarriages at 12 weeks pregnancy, and one infant died due to a congenital anomaly.Conclusion: 0.1Âµl Gama Sleeved cryoloop provides an excellent alternative to existing vitrification devices. These initial data and babies delivered from the program have been promising to a vitrification system in our own ART program.Keywords: cryopreservation, blastocyst, vitrification1Permata Hati Infertility Clinic RSUP DR Sardjito, Yogyakarta2Div Reproductive Endocrinology and Fertility OBGYN Medical Faculty Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta3Lab. Anatomi Embriologi FKH, Institut Teknologi Pertanian, Bogor4EPRD- Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Monash Medical Center,Victoria, Melbourne5Lab. Reproductive Physiology, Jenderal Soedirman University, PurwokertoÂ Correspondence address: + 62 274 518684; fax + 62 274 553575; email: itafauzia@yahoo.com

FAKTOR ANGIOGENIK SOLUBLE FMS-LIKE TYROSINE KINASE-1 DAN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR PADA IBU HAMIL 8 â€“ 20 MINGGU DENGAN RISIKO PREEKLAMPSIA Sulistyowati, Sri; Soetrisno, Soetrisno; Respati, Supriyadi Hari; Wiyono, Bambang Eko
JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan UGM

Sri Sulistyowati1, Soetrisno2, Supriyadi Hari Respati3, Bambang Eko Wiyono4Â ABSTRACTBackground: Preeclampsia is still the main cause for maternal and neonatal mortality or morbidity. Anti-angiogenic Soluble FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and proangiogenic Endhothelial Vascular Growth Factor (VEGF) factors can be used as an early detection of preeclampsia due to itsrole in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, so it can be used as one effort to reduce maternal or perinatal morbidity and mortality.Objective: To analyze sFlt-1 and VEGF levels in the serum of normal pregnancy and pregnancy with preeclampsia risk in 8 â€“ 20 weeks gestation.Method: Observational analytic with cross sectional method performed at the Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Moewardi Hospital/ Medical Faculty Sebelas Maret University Surakarta and Prodia laboratory since November â€“ December 2013. Number of samples studied was 30 samples, comprising 15 samples of normal pregnancy and pregnancy with preeclampsia risk with 8 â€“ 20 weeks of gestational age. The sFlt-1 and VEGF serum levels was assessed using ELISA and analyzed using t-test.Result & Discussion: Serum level of sFlt-1 in normal pregnancy is (1252,17Â±564,65 ng/ml), and in pregnancy with preeclampsia risk is (1741,90Â±640,97 ng/ml) with p=0,023 serum level of VEGF in normal pregnancy was 96,88Â±144,29 ng/ml and in pregnancy with preeclampsia risk was 14,24Â±8,73 ng/ ml with p=0,044.Conclusion: sFlt-1 level is higher and VEGF level is lower in pregnant women with preeclampsia risk than normal pregnancy on 8 â€“ 20 weeks gestational age.Keywords: Pregnancy, Preeclampsia Risk, sFlt-1, VEGF.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Preeklampsia saat ini masih merupakan masalah pada ibu hamil yang berhubungan dengan mortalitas dan morbiditas maternal dan perinatal. Faktor anti-angiogenik Soluble FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFLt-1) dan proangiogenik Vascular Endhothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) diduga dapat digunakan sebagai deteksi dini karena perannya dalam patogenesis preeklampsia, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi angka morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal dan perinatal.Â Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis kadar sFlt-1 dan VEGF pada serum ibu hamil normal dan ibu hamil dengan risiko preeklampsia pada usia kehamilan 8 â€“ 20 minggu.Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan metode Cross Sectional yang dilakukan di bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi, RSUD Dr. Moewardi/ FK UNS, Surakarta dan Laboratorium Prodia mulai Nopember â€“ Desember 2013. Jumlah sampel terdiri 30 yang terbagi menjadi 15 sampel ibu hamil normal dan dan 15 sampel ibu hamil dengan risiko preeklampsia usia gestasi 8 â€“ 20 minggu. Masing-masing dianalisis kadar sFlt-1 dan VEGF pada serumnya dengan metode ELISA dan dianalisis menggunakan uji t.Hasil & Pembahaasan: Kadar serum sFlt-1 pada kehamilan normal (1252,17Â±564,65 ng/ml), kehamilan dengan risiko preeklampsia (1741,90Â±640,97 ng/ml) dengan nilai p=0,023 dan kadar VEGF pada kehamilan normal (96,88Â±144,29 ng/ml), kehamilan dengan risiko preeklampsia (14,24Â±8,73 ng/ ml) dengan nilai p=0,044.Kesimpulan: Kadar sFlt-1 lebih tinggi dan kadar VEGF lebih rendah pada kehamilan dengan risiko preeklampsia dibanding kehamilan normal pada usia hamil 8 â€“ 20 minggu.Kata kunci: Kehamilan, Risiko Preeklampsia, sFlt-1, VEGF.1,2,3,4Sri Sulistyowati, Bagian Obgin FK UNS/ RSUD Dr. Moewardi, Jl. Kol. Sutarto 132 Surakarta. Telp. 08122968215, Email: elis_spog@yahoo.co.id

Studi Literatur Perbedaan Ekspresi Messenger Ribonucleid Acid (mRNA) Reseptor Androgen Setelah Pemberian Testosteron antara Penis dan Kelenjar Prostat Tikus Wistar Jantan (Rattus Norvegicus) Pascakastrasi Arini, Luh Ari
JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan UGM

Background: Aging process (andropause) in men will cause a decrease in testosterone hormones, in other that decrese of androgen receptor (testosteron and dhyhidrtestosterone) in target organ, can be seen from AR mRNA expression. Andropause finaly impact of male reproductive organ, so given testosterone hormone therapy is important to restore the condition. Giving testosterone hormone causes increase the expression of AR mRNA in the prostate gland and penis, but in these two organs there is a different increase.Objective: to know the difference of expression AR mRNA after administration of testosterone between prostate gland and penis.Method: This article used literature review from database of intisari sains medis.Results and Discussion: AR mRNA expression in the prostate gland is smaller than the penile tissue, due to the prostate gland in addition to the 5Î± reductase enzyme there are also many aromatase enzymes. In the normal prostate gland the amount of 5Î± reductase is small, so the addition of testosterone is converted to DHT but also in aromatization to estrogen. Therefore, fewer androgen receptors are found compared to the tissue of the penis, in addition expression of AR mRNA in the preputial penis is higher than the prostate gland.Conclusion: Penile tissue is more responsive to testosterone and improves the function and maintenance of tissue especially in old.Â Keywords: androgen receptor mRNA; testosterone; penis and prostate

Pengaruh Pelatihan Ultrasonografi terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Residen Obstetri dan Ginekologi mengenai Keamanan Penggunaan Ultrasonografi Obstetri Dewi, Suryani Puspa; Siswishanto, Rukmono; Dasuki, Djaswadi
JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan UGM

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbandingan tingkat pengetahuan residen Obgin mengenai keamanan penggunaan USG obstetri di RSUP Dr. Sardjito antara yang sudah dan belum mengikuti pelatihan USG.Metode: Kuasi eksperimen dengan desain Post Test Only. Subyek penelitian adalah seluruh residen Obgin FK-KMK UGM yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengambilan data melalui pengisian kuesioner yang berisi pertanyaan mengenai bioeffects dan safety index pemeriksaan USG obstetri.Hasil dan Pembahasan: Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 64 subyek yang sudah mengikuti pelatihan USG dan 24 subyek yang belum mengikuti pelatihan USG. Seluruh subyek yang belum mengikuti pelatihan memiliki klasifikasi pengetahuan kurang. Dan dari 64 subyek yang sudah mengikuti pelatihan hanya 1 subyek yang memiliki pengetahuan baik (1,56%), 14 subyek dengan pengetahuan cukup (21,87%), dan sisanya dengan pengetahuan kurang (76,56%). Dari analisis tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna diantara kedua kelompok tersebut (p=0,29).Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuanÂ mengenai keamanan penggunaan USG obstetri antara residen Obgin yang sudah dan belum mengikuti pelatihan ultrasonografi.Â Kata kunci: Ultrasonografi; bioeffects; safety index; pengetahuan; pelatihan ultrasonografi; residen Obstetri dan GinekologiÂ

Pengaruh Konseling Antenatal terhadap Tingkat Penerimaan IUD Pasca Salin:Non RCT Kurniawan, Andrianto; Siswosudarmo, Risanto
JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan UGM

Background: Postpartum period is a period where a woman has a great motivation to use a contraceptive. The present data showed that the use of IUD was only about 7,75% of all mixed contraceptive use. Counseling carried out during the antenatal care period continued during early labor is believed be able to increase its acceptance.â€¨Objective: To compare the effect of antenatal counseling continued during the early labor versus counseling in the early labor only on the acceptance of postpartum IUD use.Method: The study was carried out in Sardjito Hospital and several Puskesmas in the province of Yogyakarta during six months period from January to June 2015. A non-randomized controlled trial (quasi experimental design) was used. Pregnant women meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria that are counseled during their antenatal visit continued during their early labor were assigned as the exposed group. Those who are counseled during the early labor only were assigned to the control group. Counseling was done using a specific designed card introduced by BKKBN. The main outcome of interest is the real insertion of postpartum IUD. Chi square test, relative risk and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Result and Discussion: A total of 144 subjects were recruited consisting of 72 subjects as the exposed group and 72 as the control. Both groups were comparable in terms of age, parity, education, mode of delivery, and history of previous IUD use. The rate of IUD insertion on the exposed group was 52.8% compared to 26.4% in the control (RR 2.00; 95% CI 1.28-3.12). Other factors contributing to the acceptance of postpartum IUD were mode of delivery and previous IUD use. Logistic regression showed that the most dominant factor contributing to the acceptance of postpartum IUD was history of previous IUD use, (OR 8,42; 95% CI 1,68â€“42,27) followed by mode of delivery (OR 4.96; 95% CI 1.86â€“13.26), while timing of counseling was the third (RR 2.93; 95% CI 1.36â€“6.32).Conclusion: Counseling carried out during ANC continued in the period of early labor increased significantly the acceptance of postpartum IUD. Other factors contributing to the acceptance of IUD use were history of previous IUD use and mode of delivery.Key words: Postpartum IUD; Time of Counseling; Antenatal Care; Rate of Acceptance; IUD pasca salin; waktu konselingÂ

Analisis Peran Penerapan Warga Peduli AIDS (WPA) pada Kader di Desa Karangtengah Cilongok, Banyumas Sistiarani, Colti; Kurniawan, Arif; Hariyadi, Bambang
JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan UGM

Latar Belakang: Pemberdayaan kader WPA diperlukan dalam upaya penerapan konsep WPA yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pencegahan perilaku berisiko di masyarakat.Tujuan: penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persepsi dan peran penerapan program WPA yang dilakukan oleh kader WPA.Metode: Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kader WPA yang aktif di wilayah Desa Karangtengah Cilongok. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu berjumlah 46 kader.Hasil dan Pembahasan: Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis univariat dan bivariate. Analisis bivariate menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian yang didapat dalam penelitian ini yaitu kader WPA sebagian besar memiliki persepsi baik sebesar 56,5%, pengetahuan yang baik sebesar 54,3%, serta peran dalam kegiatanÂ WPA sebagian besarÂ kurang baik sebesar 47,8%. Kesimpulan : Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara persepsi dengan peran kader dalam pelaksanaan WPA, namun ada hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang WPA dengan peran kader dalam pelaksanaan WPA.Â Kata Kunci : Kader WPA; Â Persepsi; Peran

Pengaruh Metode Promosi Kesehatan Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Kader tentang Deteksi Dini Kanker Leher Rahim Mirzanie, Hanifah; Prawitasari, Shinta; Widad, Shofwal
JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan UGM

Latar Belakang: Kanker leher rahim adalah penyebab kematian wanita terbanyak kedua di Indonesia. Salah satu cara pencegahannya adalah dengan deteksi dini. Untuk mencapai cakupan deteksi dini yang baik perlu peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bahaya, faktor risiko, pencegahan, dan deteksi dini.Tujuan Penelitian: Membandingkan efektivitas metode promosi kesehatan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap para kader kesehatan mengenai deteksi dini kanker leher rahim.Metode penelitian: Quasi eksperimental. Subyek adalah kader kesehatan Kecamatan Gedongtengen. Intervensi berupa penyuluhan dengan leaflet atau tanpa leaflet mengenai deteksi dini kanker leher rahim. Desain penelitian adalah pre-test dan post-test. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuisioner dengan 30 pertanyaan pengetahuan dan 19 pertanyaan sikap yang dinyatakan sahih dan andal melalui uji korelasi Perason. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Wilcoxon, Uji Mann Whitney, uji korelasi Pearson dan uji regresi linier berganda.Tempat penelitian: Kecamatan Gedongtengen, Daerah Istimewa YogyakartaHasil: Dari 128 responden, penyuluhan dengan atau tanpa leaflet meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap kader kesehatan secara bermakna (p =0,000), tetapi besar peningkatan ini tidak berbeda secara bermakna (p=0,175 dan p=0,740). Variabel luar yang berpengaruh dengan korelasi negatif pada peningkatan pengetahuan adalah penghasilan (p=0,006). Variabel luar yang berpengaruh pada peningkatan sikap dengan korelasi negatif adalah pendidikan (p=0,009).Kesimpulan: Penyuluhan dengan atau tanpa pemberian leaflet tidak berbeda untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap kader kesehatan.Kata kunci: deteksi dini; kanker leher rahim; kader kesehatan; promosi kesehatan

Deteksi Dini Conventional Smear dan Liquid Based Cytology dalam Upaya Pencegahan Kanker Serviks: Literature Review Lestari, Ayu Indah; Hidayat, Budi
JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI Vol 6, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan UGM

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women. Cervical cancer mortality is also an indicator of health success, because 86% of all deaths due to cervical cancer are in developing, low and middle income countries. Cervical cancer is caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world.Objective: This literature review aims to describe early detection of pap smear (Conventional Smear and Liquid Based Cytology) as prevention of cervical cancer.Method: This review used the literature review method to search all related and relevant articles in PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct and Portal Garuda with publications between 2008-2018.Results and Discussion: Liquid Based Cytology sensitivity (88%) is much higher than that reported in Conventional Smear (20-30%), Liquid Based Cytology examination has the potential to increase sensitivity in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.Conclusion: Although conventional smear sensitivity is lower than Liquid Based Cytology, the price of conventional smear is more affordable for the community, and the target of Liquid Based Cytology is adapted for the upper middle class. To improved conventional smear effectiveness can be accompanied by IVA examination so that it is not repeated, more practical, and higher validity.

Hubungan Status ASI Eksklusif dan Pemberian Kolostrum dengan Kejadian Autisme pada Anak di Bawah 10 tahun Khaerina, Umi; Herini, Siti; Ismail, Djauhar
JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI Vol 6, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jkr.42832

Background: The cause of autism until now is still not exactly known. One of the efforts in preventing the occurrence of autism is intervention early with giving colostrum and exclusive breastfeeding. The number of autism in Indonesia according to data released by the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2010 was estimated at 2.4 million people. Based on data from autism special school Bina Anggita Yogyakarta, recorded increase in the number of students from the beginning of the school in 2001 were 15 students, in 2009 the number increased to 32 students and in 2013 were 45 students.Objective: To determine the relationship between the status of exclusive breastfeeding and giving colostrum to the incidence of autism in children under 10 years.Methods: This research is a quantitative study with a matched case control study design. Subjects were children aged under 10 years who consisted of children with autism were 19 cases and 19 controls for normal children in Yogyakarta. The independent variable in this study in the provision of colostrum and exclusive breastfeeding, and dependent variable was autism. The counfounding variables are gastrointestinal infections, low birth weight and maternal age. Retrieval of data collected using a questionnaire. Univariable data analysis using frequency distribution, bivariate statistics using the McNemar test, multivariable analysis was not performed because the bivariate analysis, all variables are not significantly.Results: Of the five variables that were related to the occurrence of autism, five variables are not statistically significant and two variables that increase the risk of autism gastrointestinal infection (p=0,09 OR 3,5 CI 95%; 0,66-34,53) and low birth weight (p=0,17 OR 4 CI 95%; 0,39-196,9).Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between the giving of colostrum, exclusive breastfeeding and maternal age, but clinical gastrointestinal infection and low birth weight were risk factor Â of autism.Â Keywords: Colostrum, exclusive breastfeeding, autism.

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