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Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian

PHARMACIANA
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Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

ISSN : 20884559 EISSN : 24770256 DOI : 10.12928

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Pharmaciana is a scientific journal published by the University of Ahmad Dahlan worked closely with Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI). Pharmaciana published three times a year, namely March, July and November. with ISSN 2088-4559 and e-ISSN 2477-0256. The article published in the Journal Pharmaciana selected by editors and reviewed by the reviewer. Articles published in Pharmaciana must not be published in other journals or have been previously published. Pharmaciana is indexed in google scholar, ACI (Asean Citation Index), Dimension (Crossreff), Garuda, Sinta, Sherpa Romeo, Index Copernicus International, DOAJ, and BASE. Pharmaciana is accredited by DIKTI (DGHE) of Indonesia No. 105/E/KPT/2022 April 07, 2022

Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)

Articles 808 Documents

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Pengaruh ekstrak kulit umbi bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) Terhadap kadar kolesterol total darah tikus jantan galur wistar diabetes mellitus Wijayanti, Rina; Rosyid, Abdur; Izza, Iffa Kholishotul
Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 1 (2017): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Diabetes mellitus (DM) adalah gangguan metabolisme dikarakterisasi oleh hiperglikemia. Penderita dengan kadar gula darah tinggi akan mengalami gangguan metabolisme lemak, salah satunya peningkatan kadar kolesterol. Kulit umbi bawang putih mengandung senyawa yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total darah pada diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol kulit umbi bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) terhadap kadar kolesterol total darah pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar diabetes mellitus.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian posttest only randomized control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih jantan galur wistar 25 ekor terdiri dari lima kelompok yaitu kelompok I adalah normal, kelompok II adalah induksi aloksan 160 mg/kg BB, kelompok III adalah induksi aloksan dan ekstrak dosis 1000 mg/kg BB, Kelompok IV adalah induksi aloksan dan ekstrak dosis 2000 mg/kg BB, Kelompok V adalah induksi aloksan dan ekstrak dosis 4000 mg/kg BB, pemberian ekstrak dilakukan selama 14 hari. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kruskal-wallis dengan Mann-Whitney.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok induksi aloksan dengan kelompok normal, ekstrak etanol 70% kulit umbi bawang putih dosis 1000 mg/kg BB, 2000 mg/kg BB, dan 4000 mg/kg BB menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dengan kelompok induksi aloksan dan kelompok normal.Kesimpulan yang diambil bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit umbi bawang putih untuk semua dosis menurunkan kadar kolesterol total darah.Â Kata Kunci : Kolesterol, diabetes mellitus, kulit umbi bawang putih

Analysis of the utilization and cost of antibiotics at an intensive care unit in Surabaya Setiawan, Eko; Felix, Hidayat; Setiadi, Adji Prayitno
Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

The appropriateness of antibiotic utilization including the compatibility when it was mixed with other pharmaceutical products are important factors determining the effectiveness and cost of antibiotics treatment among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this research was to figure out the antibiotics utilization, appropriateness, cost, and compatibility profile given to the inpatients of the intensive care unit in one hospital in Surabaya during November-December 2015. This research was prospective observational study using medical records as source of information. All patientsâ data receiving antibiotics that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was collected and analyzed descriptively. There were 42 patients participated in this research. Analysis of antibiotic utilization profile revealed 46 usage (65.71%) of single antibiotics and 24 usage (34.29%) of combination antibiotics. The most frequently used of antibiotic in single usage was ceftriaxone (43.48%) while in combination were ceftazidime and levofloxacin (12.50%). There were 30 antibiotics treatment changes that 43.34% was classified as escalation process and there was no (0%) any switching from intravenous to oral therapy. Only 4 out of 15 patients with infection related diagnosis (26.67%) got appropriate antibiotic treatment. Moreover, result from compatibility analysis found that 13.96% admixtures between antibiotics and other intravenous pharmaceutical products did not have clear compatibility status. The average of antibiotic cost per-patient was Rp. 459.492 (min-max: Rp 15.852,- to Rp 8.314.914,-).

Daya hambat kombinasi madu mangga (Mangifera indica)-susu probiotik terhadap pertumbuhan Eschericia coli ATCC 6538 dan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 8739 Hermawati, Andayanita Hanif; Aryati, Aryati; Haryanto, Isnaeni Yudi
Pharmaciana Vol 6, No 2 (2016): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Growth inhibitory activity of combination of mango honey-probiotic milk produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.a) and Lactobacillus casei (L.c) against E. coli and S. aureus has been studied. The fermented milk was prepared by inoculating each probioticin milk at 43ÂºC and then incubated at room temperature for 24 hours. Diffusion agar technique by using nutrient agar media was used to assess the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Result of the research showed that pH of fermentation broth of the probiotic milk reached 5. Biomass obtained that calculated by Total Plate Count of L.a and L.c was 1.3 x 107 cfu/mL and 20.7 x 1013 cfu/mL respectively. Inhibition zone diameter ofthe mangohoney-L.c showed an optimum antimicrobial effect against tested bacteria at 1:9 ratio. The MIC value against E. coli and S. Aureus was 15.7 Â± 6,1 mm and 13.3 Â± 3.0 mm respectively. The activity of mango honey-L. aexhibite dan optimum antimicrobial effect against tested bacteria at 2:8.The MIC value againstE. coli and S. Aureuswas14,7 Â± 1,1mm and 13.3 Â± 1.3mm respectively.

Curcumin encapsulation using dendrimer PAMAM G4 conjugated with polyethylene glycol to improve the properties of gel dossage form Al Rasyied, Faisal Dharojat; Elfiyani, Rahmah; Srifiana, Yudi
Pharmaciana Vol 8, No 1 (2018): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Curcumin had a low bioavailability, to improve it than curcumin was encapsulated in the PAMAM dendrimer conjugated PEG. To facilitate topical use, curcumin dendrimer was combined with a carbomer 940 that can produce hydration conditions in the stratum corneum so as to increase the bioavailability of curcumin. This study aimed to obtain the ratio between curcumin with dendrimer of PAMAM G4: PEG in the formation of curcumin dendrimer combined in the base of carbomer 940 to produce the optimal of physical characteristics of dendrimer and physical stability of gel. The study was conducted by conjugating PAMAM G4 with PEG with a ratio of 1:5, and then encapsulated curcumin in dendrimer with a ratio of 1:0.2 (F1); 1:0.02 (F2) and 1:0.002 (F3). Further dendrimers that have encapsulated curcumin were formulated in a gel with a carbopol base 940. The physical characteristics of the gel tested were polydispersity index, zeta potential and particle size, organoleptic, flow properties, and pH at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 6. The results shows that F1 has zeta potential highest and the lowest viscosity of the other formula, while F3 has the lowest potential zeta and highest viscosity of other formulas. In addition, the polydispersity index, particle size, organoleptic, flow properties and pH; there are not a significant difference in each formula, but the particle size, zeta potential, and viscosity of gel can decrease with longer storage time. Conclusion of this study that the ratio between curcumin and dendrimer PAMAM G4:PEG of 1: 0.2 shows the optimal of physical characteristics of dendrimer and physical stability of gel.

Total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of Etlingera elatior extract and nanoparticle Lestari, Tresna; Nofianti, Tita; Tuslinah, Lilis; Ruswanto, Ruswanto
Pharmaciana Vol 8, No 1 (2018): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Despite the long and wide application, traditional medicine is known for its minimum efficacy. Nanoparticle technology has reported to optimally address this weakness by enhancing the ability of the medicine to penetrate the biological membrane and, thereby, increasing the absorption. In this research, Etlingera elatior (ginger flower) extract, which has antioxiandt activity, was formulated into nanoparticles with ionotropic gelation method using chitosan (0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) and 0.01% NaTPP. The nanoparticles were characterized by their particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency against total phenolic compound, flavonoid, and anthocyanin. The ones with the best properties were then analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) method and tested for its antioxidant activity against DPPH. The results showed that all of the formula variations produced particle size in the range of 147.0-566.2 nm with a polydispersity index of < 0.5 and zeta potential between 0.45-45.90 mV. Also, the absorption efficiencies of phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin were 72.62-84.24%, 55.18-92.05%, and 75.67-97.96%, respectively. Overall, the best characteristics were presented by the combination of 0.1% chitosan and 0.01% NaTPP, which produced 246.4-nm nanoparticles with a polydispersity index of 0.418, and zeta potential of 26.60 mV. These nanoparticles also contained phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin with good absorption efficiencies, namely 78.5186%, 92.05%, and 97.96%, respectively. SEM analysis showed that these nanoparticles were round and had a soft surface. The radical scavenging activities of the extract and the nanoparticles against DPPH, as presented by the IC50 values, were 19.614 ppm and 160 ppm.

Hubungan kualitas hidup dan persepsi pasien tentang penyakit diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dengan komplikasi Santoso, Setiyo Budi; Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani; Faridah, Imaniar Noor; Kaptein, A.A
Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 1 (2017): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Kualitas hidup merupakan acuan penilaian outcome pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (DMT2). Kualitas hidup pasien DMT2 dapat semakin menurun akibat komplikasi yang menyertainya. Aspek penting dalam pertimbangan intervensi peningkatan kualitas hidup adalah persepsi tentang penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk pengaruh persepsi tentang penyakit terhadap kualitas hidup pasien DMT2 dengan komplikasi.Studi potong lintang terhadap populasi terjangkau berlangsung selama Juli-September 2015 di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul. Kuesioner Short Form-36Â digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas hidup dan Brief-Illness Perceptions Questionnaire untuk persepsi tentang penyakit. Analisis uji T dan Anova satu jalan dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas hidup dan persepsi tentang penyakit berdasarkan karakteristik dasar pasien (jenis kelamin, umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, kadar gula darah sewaktu, tekanan darah, dan durasi diabetes), dan pengaruh persepsi tentang penyakit terhadap kualitas hidup.Penelitian melibatkan 51 pasien DMT2 dengan komplikasi. Subyek dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah memiliki peran fisik yang lebih buruk daripada subyek dengan pendidikan menengah dan tinggi (p=0,049). Persepsi subyek yang positif dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada aspek; peran fisik (p=0,032), vitalitas (p=0,032), kesehatan mental (p=0,001), dan fungsi sosial (p=0,037).Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Kualitas hidup pasien DMT2 dengan komplikasi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan dan persepsi tentang penyakit.

Antioxidant activity, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content of Muntingia calabura L. Extracts Puspitasari, Anita Dwi; Wulandari, Ririn Lispita
Pharmaciana Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Muntingia calabura L. leaves were contained alkaloids, saponins, phenolic, flavonoids, and tannin. Phenolic and flavonoids compound had antioxidant activity. The present study aims to determine the antioxidant activity, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content of ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves and its fractions. Muntingia calabura L. leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol and then evaporated until ethanol extract was obtained. The ethanol extract was dissolved into water and then partitioned with n hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the n hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction. Determination of antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions was performed by free radical capture measurement method by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro. Vitamin C was used as a positive control with IC50 value of Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 25.74 Âµg/mL. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using the colorimetric method using standard gallic acid for total phenolics and standard quercetin for flavonoid content. The results showed that ethyl acetat fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 79.37 Î¼g/mL value compared to n hexane fraction (101.36 Î¼g/mL), ethanol extract (126.47 Î¼g/mL), and water fraction (129.85 Î¼g/mL). The ethyl acetate fraction contains the highest total phenolic of 510.57 mg GAE/g extract compared to ethanol extract (311.10 mg GAE/g extract), water fraction (292.74 mg GAE/g) extract, and n hexane fraction (103.95 mg GAE/g extract). The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest flavonoid content of 76.32 mg QE/g extract compared to ethanol extract (39.63 mg QE/g extract), water fraction (14.29 mg QE/g extract) and n hexane fraction (3.30 mg QE/g extract). Total phenolic and total flavonoid levels were positively correlated with antioxidant activity

Penggunaan antibiotik di dua apotek di Surabaya: identifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan pasien tamayanti, wahyu dewi; D.M. Sari, Windrianita; Dewi, Bernadette Dian Novita
Pharmaciana Vol 6, No 2 (2016): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Attention to factors that affects proper use of antibiotics need to be conducted to prevent community resistance. This study was aimed to identify factors that affect patientsâ compliance of antibiotic use in two pharmacies in Surabaya, Bhumyamca (A) and Tiara 2 (B). Subject of this study was people who purchased antibiotics in the two pharmacies. Data were collected through questionnaires, analyzed using descriptive statistic, and underwent Hosmer and Lemeshowâs multiple regression tests. Factors such as: age, gender, income, duration and pattern of antibiotics use, antibiotics information, complaint and action after antibiotics side effect were observed. There were 94 respondents mainly 26 - 31 of age met the inclusion criteria. Female respondents in A were 74% and 68% in B. Respondents income was 2 to 3 million rupiah, in A (83%) and B (54%). Respondents use antibiotics mainly for 3 to 5 days, in A (47%) and B (50%). Most respondents use antibiotics after meals in A (92%) and B (88%). Antibiotics information was obtained mainly from healthcare providers in A (92%) and B (85%). Respondents had no complaints after antibiotics use in A (87%) and B (73%). Respondents (44%) stop antibiotics when complaints were occurred both in A and B, whereas 56% visited clinician. Respondents in A (86%) and B (89%) were consumed antibiotics in accordance to usage instruction. Conclusively, no factor was associated to patientsâ compliance, except pattern of administration in B (0.011).

The formulation of carvedilol transdermal patch with resin gum as rate control Yati, Kori; Pamungkas, Septiana Tri
Pharmaciana Vol 8, No 1 (2018): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Carvedilol is widely prescribed for long-term hypertension treatment. It is rapidly absorbable by oral administration, but its bioavailability is merely about 20% in humans. Drug delivery is therefore imperative to overcome this weakness. One form of transdermal drug delivery system is a patch. Transdermal patch is composed of various systems, for instance, a reservoir that uses a rate control layer to manage the rate of drug release. This research aimed to observe the effect of using resin gum as the control of drug release rate on the physical characteristics and release of carvedilol in a transdermal patch. The patches were prepared in 5 formulas with different quantities of resin gum, namely 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg. Afterward, they were evaluated physically, and their dissolution and diffusion rates were analyzed. The results showed that resin gum with concentrations of 150 mg and 200 mg was physically qualified for rate control. Besides, the results of dissolution and diffusion tests revealed that transdermal patches with 150 mg of resin gum exhibited the best drug release and penetration.

Efek hidrogel getah jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.) berbasis karagenan kappa dan karagenan iota terhadap penyembuhan luka tikus wistar jantan Lestari, Fetri; Darma, Gita Cahya Eka; Kartika, Rikka
Pharmaciana Vol 6, No 2 (2016): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Jatropha multifida Linn. latex has been reported in many study for its activities to treats wound. Preparation of hydrogels containing 3% ofÂ Jatropha multifida Linn. latex with variety of base polymers kappa carrageenan and iota carrageenanÂ was conducted and met good characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate effect of both hydrogels to promote wound healing in Wistar rats. Tests carried out on five groups of rats with 1.5 cm diameter of wound in the back area, consisting of a control group, two test groups were each treated by 2% kappa carrageenan-based hydrogel (kappa-hydrogel group) and 2% iota carrageenan-based hydrogel (iota-hydrogel group) of the latex, and two groups were each given a different hydrogel base according to type of hydrogel tested. Effect on wound healing was assessed by parameters including wound drying period, scab forming period, and the change in diameter of the wound. Results show kappa-hydrogel group achieve the most rapid wound healing compare to the control group significantly (p<0,05) and the iota-hydrogel group on wound drying period (16.6 Â± 2.2 hours) and scab forming period (92.6 Â± 2.2 hours). Kappa-hydrogel group also show best changes in diameter of the wound at day 21 which is reduced to 0.02 Â± 0.03 cm, compare to the control group and iota-hydrogel group. As a conclusion, the 2% kappa carrageenan-based hydrogel containing 3% ofÂ Jatropha multifida Linn. latex produce better effect to promote wound healing than iota carrageenan-based hydrogel in this study.Â

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Editorial Address Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Kode pos 55164

Location Kota yogyakarta, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Muhammad Syahrir

Contact Email
m.syahrir7406@unm.ac.id

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Journal Mail Official
nurkhasanah@pharm.uad.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Kode pos 55164

Location
Kota yogyakarta,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA