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CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia
Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
ISSN : 2355875X     EISSN : 23558776     DOI : 10.26555
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy
CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia ISSN, 2355-875X (print) 2355-8776 (online) is a journal that publishes manuscripts or scientific papers in Chemical Engineering. The scope of this journal covers chemical reaction techniques, separation, optimization, process control, process system engineering, waste treatment, food and material technology. Journals are published in print and online twice a year, in June and December by Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta.
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Articles 189 Documents
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Comparison of Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Fresh and Dried Moringa oliefera L. Tea Melania Priska; Natalia Peni; Yosephina Payu Wao
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 10, No 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v10i1.25695

Abstract

The world is being hit by a new variant of Covid-19, namely Omicron. The Omicron variant is easily dispersed from the previous variant. To prevent transmission of this variant, people need to increase their body's resistance by consuming foods and drinks rich in antioxidants. Moringa leaf tea can be an alternative drink rich in antioxidants to increase endurance and prevent the speed of transmission of the Omicron variant of Covid-19. This study analyzes the presence or absence of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in fresh and dry moringa tea. Secondary metabolite compounds were tested using phytochemical screening, which included testing for alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides, while for antioxidant activity, the DPPH method was used. Based on the test results, the two types of tea did not have antioxidant activity because the IC50 value was more than 250 ppm, namely 868.72 ppm for fresh moringa tea and 2851.67 ppm for dry moringa tea. However, when compared between fresh and dry moringa tea, both have an IC50 value of 1:3 ratio, where the IC50 value of fresh moringa tea is three times lower than that of dried moringa tea. In addition, the results of the phytochemical screening of the two types of tea were positive for several secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins.
Tempeh Manufacturing Liquid Waste Treatment Using Alum Coagulant With Variation of Coagulant Weight Winda Rohmah Shoffianti; Dila Argatiningtyas; Agus Aktawan; Imam Santosa; Mar’atul Husna
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 10, No 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v10i1.25270

Abstract

So far, liquid waste from the tempe industry has yet to be utilized and is only disposed of in sewers to the environment. The liquid waste from tempe consists of soluble proteins from soybeans, which can give rise to a sour smell, and there are tiny particles that settle, so it is necessary to treat the waste before it is discharged into the environment. Alum is one of the coagulants that can be used to treat liquid waste. This research contributes to determining the effect of alum as a coagulant in tempe industrial wastewater to obtain optimal results. The optimum results in question are an increase in DO levels and a decrease in COD and TSS levels in the tempe industrial wastewater so that the resulting conditions are not dangerous if the waste is disposed of into the environment. The variables observed in this study were pH, DO, COD, and TSS comparing each variable. The variable used in this study was the weight of the alum coagulant with a stirring speed of 300 rpm for 90 minutes and standing for 24 hours. In this study, there is a correlation of variations in coagulant weight. The optimum results obtained were from 100 ml of waste. The optimum DO value produced was 8.4 mg/L at an interpretation of 10 grams of coagulant weight. The optimum COD concentration obtained was 18612.5 mg/L at a variation of 20 grams of coagulant weight. The optimum TSS concentration obtained was 102 mg/L with 25 grams of coagulant weight variation.
Extraction Of Flavonoid, Phenolic, And Saponin In Shallot Skin (Allium Cepa Var. Aggregatum) For Antibacterial Application Muhammad Triyogo Adiwibowo; Shintasya Tiara Firliyani; Nurul Ma'rifah; Nufus Kanani; Wardalia Wardalia; Alia Badra Pitaloka; Marta Pramudita
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 10, No 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v10i1.23425

Abstract

Shallot skin (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) contains secondary metabolites of flavonoid, phenolic, and saponin that can be antibacterial. This research was conducted by extracting the shallot skin using maceration and ultrasound-assisted methods with 3, 5, and 7 days for maceration extraction and 10, 20, and 30 minutes for ultrasonication-assisted extraction (UAE). The extract was then tested for phytochemical screening and analysis of its flavonoid, phenolic, and saponin levels. Three extracts with the best secondary metabolite compounds were then tested for the inhibitory power of the extracts against Escherichia coli through the diffusion method. The results showed that shallot skin extract contained flavonoid and phenolic compounds but not saponin. Based on the analysis of the levels of these compounds using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, three extracts with the highest flavonoid and phenolic content were obtained from maceration extraction for seven days, the UAE method for 20 minutes, and the UAE extraction method for 30 minutes. The extract using the UAE method has relatively higher flavonoid and phenolic content (6.93 and 2.59 ppm, respectively) than the extract using the maceration method (5.48 and 2.46 ppm, respectively), which is also considered more efficient in terms of time. A preliminary antibacterial activity test showed antibacterial activity in the shallot skin.
Pineapple Leaves (Ananas Comosus) Ca-Alginate Immobilized as Adsorbent For Removal of Rhodamine B Dye Intan Lestari; Nelson Nelson; Damris M; Najlia Dinnisa Syawabilla
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 10, No 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v10i1.25791

Abstract

Rhodamine B dye is one of the dye wastes from the textile dyeing industry. One way that can be done for dealing with pollution of the aquatic environment by the presence of this dye is adsorption. This study aims to adsorption of Rho B dye using Ca-alginate immobilized pineapple leaves. Immobilization of pineapple leaves with alginate aims to improve adsorbent performance, mechanical strength, and adsorption capacity. Pine apple leaf Ca-alginate immobilized adsorbents were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) instruments. Ca-alginate immobilized pineapple leaf adsorbent was used adsorption of Rho B dye by studying several adsorption parameters such as the effect of pH, contact time, mass of adsorbent, stirring speed, and concentration of Rho B dye. The optimum adsorption conditions parameters were obtained at pH 3, contact time during 90 minutes, agitation speed of 150 rpm, the adsorbent mass of 0.1 gram, and Rho B concentration of 80 mg/L with a maximum adsorption capacity of 8.964 mg/g.
Glycerol Acetylation: Effect of Graphene Oxide Catalyst Mass Percentage on Glycerol Conversion and Acetin Selectivity Nur Hidayati; Eggy Juan Prasetyo; Wahyu Annisa Mega Brilianti; Herry Purnama; Malik Musthofa; Anisa Ur Rahmah
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 10, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v10i2.25909

Abstract

Glycerol, a byproduct of the transesterification reaction has a wide range of applications. Acetylation is a promising method for converting surplus glycerol into mono-, di-, and tri-acetin, which is used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, polymer, and fuel additive sectors. The kind of catalyst and reaction conditions influence glycerol conversion and acetylation selectivity. Acetylation of glycerol was performed in this study by reacting acetic acid and glycerol with a graphene oxide catalyst produced using the Hummers method. The amount of graphene oxide catalyst (3%, 5%, and 7%) in the reaction mixture was adjusted to see how it affected glycerol conversion and reaction product selectivity. Other variables such as the glycerol:acetic acid mole ratio of 1:9, reaction temperature of 120oC, stirring speed of 1000 rpm, and reaction time of 120 minutes were held constant. Glycerol conversion improves with increasing catalyst mass in the reaction mixture, with the highest conversion (92.1%) achieved when employing a 7% catalyst mass, with its selectivity to monoacetin, diacetin, and triacetin being 70.2%, 4.2%, and 25.6%, respectively.
Formation of Phosphate Crystals from Cow Urine Using Aeration System Batch Reactor Nur Hidayatul Fitri; Adityas Agung Ramandani; Devy Cendekia; Dedi Teguh
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 10, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v10i2.26595

Abstract

The waste generated from the livestock sector is cow urine containing nitrogen, sulfur, phosphate, ammonium, sodium, manganese, iron, silica, chlorine, magnesium and calcium. The aim of this research is to reduce phosphate levels which will have an impact on the environment caused by cow urine which contains phosphate and ammonium and forms phosphate crystals using a batch reactor with an aeration system. The results of wastewater treatment using a batch reactor produce precipitate in the form of phosphate crystals which can be used as fertilizer for plants. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two repetitions, namely with a comparison of the rate of aeration (air flow) 1 Lpm, 1.5 Lpm and 2 Lpm with the time used, namely 0 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 180 minutes and 240 minute. Based on research that has been done, the highest aeration rate (air flow) in phosphate removal in cow urine waste is at 1 Lpm air flow with a time of 240 minutes and a phosphate removal efficiency of 84.8822%. Meanwhile, at an air flow of 1.5 Lpm with a time of 60 minutes and a phosphate removal efficiency of 95.4315%. At an air flow of 2 Lpm with a time of 240 minutes, the removal efficiency can only be 34.3421%. The content of phosphate crystals obtained from the XRF results was obtained at 3.173%. At an air flow of 2 Lpm with a time of 240 minutes, the removal efficiency can only be 34.3421%. The content of phosphate crystals obtained from the XRF results was obtained at 3.173%. At an air flow of 2 Lpm with a time of 240 minutes, the removal efficiency can only be 34.3421%. The content of phosphate crystals obtained from the XRF results was obtained at 3.173%.
UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO WASTE BY ENGINEERING ACID HYDROLYSIS (H2SO4) TO PRODUCE FURFURAL COMPOUNDS Nur Hidayatul Fitri; Adityas Agung Ramandani; Devy Cendekia; Dedi Teguh
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 10, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v10i2.26609

Abstract

Bamboo waste containing lignocellulosic can be used as a material for forming furfural compounds. Furfural is an intermediate product that is widely needed by the chemical industry in the manufacture of finished products such as resins, disinfectants, lubricating oils, synthetic rubber, and so on. This product can be produced from materials containing pentosan. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the delignification process on pentosan levels,yield and characterization of the resulting furfural, as well as the potential of pentosan to become furfural compounds. In this study the formation of furfural from bamboo waste was carried out using the acid hydrolysis method, with the independent variables namely cooking temperatures of 90 oC, 100 oC and 110 oC, H2SO4 concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% and cooking times of 60 minutes, 90 minutes , and 120 minutes. Based on the results of research that has been done, it is known that the delignification process has an influence on the pentosan level, where the sample without delignification obtained a pentosan level of 11.10% and using the delignification process obtained a pentosan level of 14.67%. Characterization of furfural analysis results by color test showed a change in color to red and based on the results of GC-MS analysis at retention time 24.
Preliminary study of production electrolytic silicon from silica amorphous in alkaline media Muhammad Miftahur Rahman; Franky Michael Hamonangan Siagian; Yogi Tri Putra Nasution; Widi Astuti; Ulung Sutopo; Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 10, No 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v10i2.26735

Abstract

This study used direct electrowinning to examine the viability of producing silicon from amorphous silica in alkaline conditions. The Indonesian Dieng Geothermal Power Plant provided a sample of geothermal sludge with a high silica (SiO2) content. The samples were analyzed using various analytical techniques (XRF and XRD) before to electrolysis to ascertain their chemical composition and mineralogy. At low temperatures (30°C), the direct electrowinning method using amorphous silica suspended in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was introduced. Current density adjustments were made to determine the direct electrowinning method's ideal operation. XRD and XRF analyses were performed on cathode deposits and residues in electrochemical cells to ascertain the chemical composition and current recovery. At a current density of 1250 A/m2, the low-temperature electrolysis current efficiency on natrium silicate solution can approach 34% recovery. Geothermal sludge was used to investigate the process, and the process's mediocre performance was caused by the problematic adsorption of amorphous silica particles on the cathode.
Glycerol Acetylation: Effect of Graphene Oxide Catalyst Mass Percentage on Glycerol Conversion and Acetin Selectivity Hidayati, Nur; Prasetyo, Eggy Juan; Brilianti, Wahyu Annisa Mega; Purnama, Herry; Musthofa, Malik; Ur Rahmah, Anisa
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023): August 2023 [Available online since October 02, 2023]
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v10i2.25909

Abstract

Glycerol, a byproduct of the transesterification reaction has a wide range of applications. Acetylation is a promising method for converting surplus glycerol into mono-, di-, and tri-acetin, which is used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, polymer, and fuel additive sectors. The kind of catalyst and reaction conditions influence glycerol conversion and acetylation selectivity. Acetylation of glycerol was performed in this study by reacting acetic acid and glycerol with a graphene oxide catalyst produced using the Hummers method. The amount of graphene oxide catalyst (3%, 5%, and 7%) in the reaction mixture was adjusted to see how it affected glycerol conversion and reaction product selectivity. Other variables such as the glycerol:acetic acid mole ratio of 1:9, reaction temperature of 120oC, stirring speed of 1000 rpm, and reaction time of 120 minutes were held constant. Glycerol conversion improves with increasing catalyst mass in the reaction mixture, with the highest conversion (92.1%) achieved when employing a 7% catalyst mass, with its selectivity to monoacetin, diacetin, and triacetin being 70.2%, 4.2%, and 25.6%, respectively.
Extraction of High Economic Potential of Lipids from Heterotrophic Cultivation of Indigenous Aurantiochytrium Microalgae Strain Suhendra, Suhendra; Anggraini, Lia; Nuryasari, Fazhar; Hutari, Andri; Anggraini, Irika Devi; Marno, Septhian
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023): August 2023 [Available online since October 02, 2023]
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v10i2.26021

Abstract

Aurantiochytrium microalgae has long been recognized as oleaginous microalgae since its capability to produce high content of lipids biomass. Produced lipids from cultivation process of Aurantiochytrium can contain high concentration of omega-3 docosahexanoic acid, hence valuable biomass from the Aurantiochytrium microalgae has the potential to be used as a source of raw materials for nutrition, cosmetics and medicines. Generally,  Aurantiochytrium microalgae can be found in mangrove ecosystems. Even Indonesia is ranked as the largest mangrove in the world, but the use of Aurantiochytrium sp microalgae is rarely explored in Indonesia. In order to optimize biomass utiisation produced the cultivation process, there shall be an optimum extraction process. Therefore, this study present the optimization of lipids from the Aurantiochytrium sp microalgae. The isolate used in this research comes from Bunaken mangrove forest, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The cultivation process consists of three steps, namely standing culture (SC, 48 hours), pre-culture (PC, 48 hours) and standing culture (SC, 120 hours). The cultivation took pace in an erlemeyer flask using orbital shaker with an orbital speed of 220 rpm at room temperature and pressure. The average dried biomass was 9.4 g/L. In addition to cultivation process, recent paper presents also an extraction methodology using organic solvents, namely methanol, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. The lipids fcation can be extracted with a minimum of 7% lipid and a  maximum of 47% lipid. From this study, extraction using acetone-chloroform-ethyl acetate solvents resulted in the highest fraction of lipids from the extraction process of Aurantiochytrium biomass. Since the paper discussing the extraction process of native Indonesia strain of Aurantiochytrium microalgae has never been presented before, therefore this paper shall be valuable basis for further research in this field.

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