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INDONESIA
Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,166 Documents
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Kemangkusan Biobakterisida terhadap Penyakit Busuk Lunak (Pseudomonas viridiflava) pada Phalaenopsis Nuryani, Waqiah; Yusuf, Evi Silvia; -, Hanudin; Djatnika, Ika; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 4 (2012): Desember
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penyakit busuk lunak yang disebabkan oleh Pseudomonas viridiflava merupakan salah satu kendala utama dalam budidaya anggrek Phalaenopsis di Indonesia. Sampai saat ini belum ditemukan teknik pengendalian penyakit tersebut yang paling efektif. Penggunaan biobakterisida sudah diterapkan di luar negeri untuk menekan penyakit busuk lunak pada Phalaenopsis. Tujuan penelitian ialah : (1) jenis bakteri antagonis yang digunakan sebagai bahan aktif biobakterisida, (2) formula biopestisida yang efektif mengendalikan  penyakit busuk lunak (PBL) pada anggrek  Phalaenopsis,  (3) mendapatkan informasi mekanisme penekanan bakteri antagonis, dan (4) memperoleh informasi kerapatan populasi bakteri antagonis yang mengkolonisasi pada daun setelah mendapat perlakuan biobakterisida. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bakteriologi dan  Rumah Kaca Biokontrol, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Segunung pada Bulan Januari hingga Desember 2011. Isolat bakteri antagonis nomor  B7 dan B30 disuspensikan ke dalam air steril dan bahan pembawa organik yang mengandung karbohidrat  dan  protein minimal, karbohidrat, dan protein optimal.  Selanjutnya formula tersebut masing-masing diaplikasikan pada daun  Phalaenopsis (metode spraying) sehari sebelum atau setelah inokulasi patogen busuk lunak (cara pin pricking). Rancangan yang digunakan  ialah acak kelompok dengan 15 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  (1) bakteri antagonis no. B7 dan B30 yang digunakan sebagai bahan aktif biobakterisida digolongkan ke dalam genus Bacillus sp., (2) suspensi bakteri antagonis no. B7 dalam bahan organik yang mengandung karbohidrat dan protein minimal dan diaplikasikan 1 hari sebelum inokulasi dapat menekan serangan PBL dengan persentase penekanan sebesar 33,45%, (3) mekanisme penekanan  penyakit oleh biobakterisida dipengaruhi oleh derajat kolonisasi bakteri anatagonis pada daun anggrek dan efek antibiosis, dan (4) kerapatan populasi bakteri antagonis sebelum aplikasi ialah 9+7x102 cfu/g, selanjutnya meningkat menjadi 8+3 x 103 cfu/g daun selama 3 hari. Aplikasi biobakterisida berbahan aktif bakteri antagonis diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani anggrek dan  mendorong pengembangan industri biobakterisida berbasis sumber daya lokal. Soft rot caused by Pseudomonas viridiflava is one of the most important diseases on  Phalaenopsis production in Indonesia. Untill  now, the effective technique to control the disease  has not been found yet. Meanwhile biobactericide has been widely applied in other countries. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine type of antagonist bacteria used as biobactericide active material, (2)  biopesticide formula wich were effective to control soft rot disease, (3) to get information mechanism of suppressing on antagonist bacteria, and (4)  to examine the population density that colonized on Phalaenopsis orchid leaves  having treated. The study was conducted at Bacteriology Laboratory and Biocontrol Glasshouse of the Indonesian Ornamental Plant Research Institute, started from January to December 2011. Antagonist bacteria isolates no. B7 and B30 were suspended on the sterile water and the organic materials containing minimum or optimum of protein and carbohydrates, respectively. Then those biobactericides were applicated by spraying to the leaves of Phalaenopsis orchids  the day before or after the soft rot inoculation (by pin pricking method). A randomized block design with 15 treatments and three replications  was used in this study. The results showed that (1) antagonist bacteria no. B7 and B30  used as biobactericide active material were grouping in to the Bacillus sp. genus (2) antagonist bacteria isolate no. B7 that suspended in an organic material  containing minimum of carbohydrate-protein was applied 1 day before inoculation (treatment of a1f1 b7) was effective to control P. viridiflava with suppressing at 33.45%, (3) suppressing  mode rate of action of this treatment to suppress this pathogen  was  influenced by the degree of colonization and antibiosis reactions, and (4) the population density of such treatment before application was  9+7 x 102 cfu/g and increased to 8+3 x 103 cfu/g leaf during 3 days. The application of the biobactericides was quite promising  to increase orchids farmers‘ income and to push the development of  national resources  based biobactericide industry.
Potensi Beberapa Fungisida Nabati dalam Mengendalikan Karat Putih (Puccinia horiana Henn.) dan Perbaikan Mutu Krisan Yusuf, Evi Silvia; Nuryani, Waqiah; Djatnika, Ika; -, Hanudin; -, Suhardi; Winarto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 4 (2012): Desember
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Puccinia horiana Henn. merupakan patogen penting penyebab penyakit karat putih yang menimbulkan kerugian signifikan dalam budidaya krisan, baik bunga potong atau tanaman pot. Aplikasi fungisida sintetik yang sering diandalkan oleh petani dan pengusaha tidak hanya memerlukan biaya yang lebih mahal, namun juga berdampak pada kerusakan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu pemanfaatan fungisida nabati yang lebih murah dan ramah terhadap lingkungan dapat menjadi alternatif pemecahannya. Beberapa fungisida nabati seperti Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E berbahan aktif minyak atsiri cengkih, nimba, kayu manis, serai wangi, dan asam salisilat telah diproduksi dan dikomersialisasikan oleh Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Aplikasi fungisida tersebut diduga berpengaruh positif dalam menekan penyakit karat putih. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi keefektifan empat produk fungisida nabati tersebut dalam  mengendalikan penyakit karat putih dan meningkatkan kualitas pertumbuhan  krisan. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Plastik di Poncokusumo, Malang, Jawa Timur sejak Bulan Januari hingga Desember 2010. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan ialah Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Swarna Kencana. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah 3 ml/l untuk Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E, serta 1,5 ml/l Amistartop 35 EC sebagai kontrol positif dan air sebagai kontrol negatif. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua fungisida nabati yang diuji efektif mengendalikan penyakit karat pada krisan. Perlakuan tersebut menurut uji statistik memiliki kemampuan yang sebanding dengan Amistartop. Penurunan intensitas karat putih oleh  perlakuan Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, Sitron-E, dan Amistartop berturut-turut  sebesar  49; 37,74; 32,43; 29,78; dan 48,33%.  Aplikasi  Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, diameter bunga, dan vaselife bunga. Aplikasi hasil penelitian ini dapat memberi manfaat  untuk petani dan pengusaha dalam menurunkan biaya produksi serta meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan pengusaha karena harga keempat biofungisida murah dan tanpa dampak negatif terhadap kelestarian lingkungan. Controlling white rust disease (Puccinia horiana Henn.) on chrysanthemum with some biofungicides P. horiana Henn. is important pathogen causing white rust disease  that may  lead to a significant lost in chrysanthemum cultivation (both for cut flower and pot plant). Synthetic fungicide commonly applied by farmers are causing not only high production costs, but also endangering the environment.  Confronting to this situation, the use of biofungicide that are considered cheaper and more environmental friendly has become  a relevant and promising alternative. Several biofungicides such as Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, and Sitron-E with active ingredient of clove oil, neem, cinnamon, citronella, and salicylic acid have been commersialized by the Indonesian Medical and Spice Crops Research Institute. In this study those  biofungicides were hypothesized to have great potential in control the white rust  disease. The main objective of this study was to obtain information regarding  the efficacy of  four  biofungicides in controlling white rust disease on  chrysanthemum. The  experiment was conducted at Plastichouse in Poncokusumo, Malang, East Java from January to December 2010 by using Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Swarna Kencana as planting materials. The treatments were consisted of 3 ml/l application of Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, and Sitron-E 1.5 ml/l application of difenokonazol + azoxistrobin (Amistartop 35 EC) as a positive control  and water as negative control. The experiment was set up  using a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The results showed that all tested biofungicides  were quite effective in  controlling white rust disease on chrysanthemum and had similar effectiveness in  reducing  disease intensity compared to  Amistartop. Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, Sitron-E, and Amistartop had been able to reduce the white rust disease intensity by 49; 37.74; 32.43; 29.78; and 48.33% respectively. In the meantime, those biofungicides did not show significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, flower diameter, and flower vaselife. The use of biofungicides seems potentially promising to increase farmers income because the price of biofungicides were cheap and maintain environmental sustainability.
Pengaruh Myoinositol dan Arang Aktif terhadap Pertumbuhan Planlet Anggrek Dendrobium dalam Kultur In Vitro Widiastoeti, Dyah; Santi, Anggraeni; Solvia, Nina
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK.  Anggrek Dendrobium merupakan tanaman hias komersial yang sangat penting di Indonesia. Optimasi media dalam kultur in vitro sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan dan mempercepat pertumbuhan planlet. Salah satu cara untuk mengoptimalisasi media in vitro yaitu dengan pemberian myoinositol dan arang aktif. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui pengaruh myoinositol dan arang aktif terhadap pertumbuhan planlet Dendrobium. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Pasarminggu, Jakarta mulai Bulan Juni sampai dengan Desember 2010.  Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak  kelompok dengan delapan perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas konsentrasi myoinositol  0, 50, 100, dan 150 mg/l dengan dan tanpa penambahan arang aktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian myoinositol 50 mg/l tanpa arang aktif dapat meningkatkan tinggi planlet, panjang dan lebar daun, sedangkan myoinositol 100 mg/l dengan penambahan arang aktif 2 g/l meningkatkan pertumbuhan jumlah dan panjang akar terbaik.ABSTRACT. Widiastoety, D, Santi, A, and Solvia, N 2012. Effect of Myoinositol and Activated Charcoal on the Growth of Dendrobium Orchid Plantlets in In Vitro Culture. This study was aims to determine the effect of myoinositol and activated charcoal on the growth of Dendrobium plantlets. Dendrobium is one of the most important commercial orchids in Indonesia. Media optimization is critical factor to improve and to promote plantlet growth.  One of the methods to enrich the medium was by the use of myoinositol and activated charcoal. The study was conducted at the In Vitro Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Plants Research Institute Pasarminggu, Jakarta from June through December 2010. A completely randomized design with eight treatments and five replications was used in this experiment. The treatments given were myoinositol 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/l with and without addition of activated charcoal. The results showed that application of myoinositol 50 mg/l without activated charcoal enhance the plantlet height, length, and leave width, while myoinositol 100 mg/l with addition of activated charcoal 2 g/l increased the highest number of the root and the longest root growth.
Kandungan Flavonoid dan Limonoid pada Berbagai Fase Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jeruk Kalamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) dan Purut (Citrus hystrix Dc.) Devy, Nirmal Friyanti; Yulianti, Yulianti; Andrini, Andrini
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Tanaman jeruk mengandung metabolit sekunder flavonoid, karotenoid, dan limonoid yang banyakterdapat dalam daun, kulit buah, biji, dan pulp. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui kandungan flavonoid dan limonoid padaberbagai fase pertumbuhan tanaman jeruk Kalamondin dan Purut serta mendapatkan informasi kandungan limonoidpada fase embrio dan planlet hasil perbanyakan in vitro melalui embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian dilakukan di BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro) sejak bulan Mei sampai dengan Desember 2009. Ruanglingkup penelitian terdiri atas (1) identifikasi metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid dan limonoid pada berbagai fasepertumbuhan tanaman jeruk Kalamondin dan Purut dan (2) identifikasi limonoid pada fase embrio dan planlet tanamanjeruk Kalamondin yang diperbanyak dengan metode embriogenesis somatik secara in vitro. Analisis kandunganmetabolit sekunder dilakukan di Unit Layanan Pengujian, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Airlangga. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa kandungan flavonoid dan limonoid dapat diproduksi dari berbagai bagian tanaman, seperti padapulp, biji, kulit buah, dan daun pada berbagai fase pertumbuhan jeruk Purut dan Kalamondin. Kandungan flavonoidpada jeruk Purut dan Kalamondin tertinggi terdapat pada buah tua, masing-masing 18,8 ppm. Kandungan limonoidpada jeruk Purut hanya terdeteksi pada daun pendukung buah tua (1 ppm) dan biji (61 ppm), sedangkan pada jenisKalamondin hanya terdeteksi pada biji yaitu sebesar 74 ppm.ABSTRACT. Devy, N.F., F. Yulianti, and Andrini. 2010. Flavonoid and Limonoid Contents in Every GrowthPhase of Kalamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) and Purut (Citrus hystrix Dc.). Citrus contains secondary metabolitessuch as flavonoid, carotenoid, and limonoid, which can be found in the leaf, peel of fruit, seeds, and pulp. The aimsof this research were to determine flavonoid and limonoid contents in every growth phase of Kalamondin and Purutand the limonoid contents in embryo and plantlet phases derived from in vitro somatic embryogenesis. The researchwas conducted in Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (ICISFRI) from May to December 2009.The research consisted of two activities as follows: (1) analyses of flavonoid and limonoid contents in every growthphase of Kalamondin and Purut and (2) analyses of the limonoid contents in embryos and plantlet proliferated fromsomatic embryogenesis culture. Flavonoid and limonoid contents were analyzed at the Assessment Service Unit,Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University. The results showed that flavonoid and limonoid compounds could beproduced in all parts of plant i.e, such as pulp, seeds, peel of fruit, and leaves from every growth phase of Kalamondinand Purut. In Purut and Kalamondin, the highest flavonoid content was obtained from ripen fruit, with concentration18.8 ppm. Liminoid content in Purut was detected only in leaf supporting ripen fruit (1 ppm) and seeds (61 ppm),and in Kalamondin was only in seeds with concentration 74 ppm.
Cara Pengendalian Nonkimiawi terhadap Serangga Vektor Kutudaun dan Intensitas Serangan Penyakit Virus Mosaik pada Tanaman Cabai Merah Gunaeni, Nani; Wulandari, AW
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penyakit virus mosaik pada cabai merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang disebabkan olehvirus dan dapat menular dari tanaman sakit ke tanaman sehat lain melalui vektor kutu daun. Penelitian bertujuanmendapatkan cara pengendalian vektor dan penyakit virus mosaik pada cabai yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan.Perlakuan pengendalian nonkimiawi disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat kali ulangan. Penelitiandilakukan di Subang pada 700 m dpl. sejak bulan Juni sampai dengan Desember 2005. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah:(1) perangkap baki kuning, (2) tanaman pinggiran kubis, (3) mulsa plastik perak, (4) mulsa plastik hitam, (5) mulsajerami, (6) insektisida dengan bahan aktif imidakloprid dan profenofos 1x /minggu, dan (7) kontrol. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mulsa plastik perak maupun hitam berpengaruh paling baik terhadap penekananpopulasi vektor sebesar 78-88%, serangan penyakit virus mosaik sebesar 68-77% ataupun hama sebesar 57-73% danpenyakit cabai lainnya 50-60% (penyakit antraknos, lalat buah, dan penyakit busuk buah), serta meningkatkan hasilbuah cabai sehat sekitar 2-4 kali hasil pada perlakuan kontrol.ABSTRACT. Gunaeni, N. and A.W. Wulandari. 2010. Nonchemical Control Methods on Vector Populationand Plant Damages Due to Mosaic Virus Diseases on Hot Pepper. Mosaic diseases of pepper is one of the mostimportant problems caused by viruses. The disease spread from the infected plants to healthy ones via aphids as viralvectors. The obejective of this study was to obtain effective and environmentally friendly control measures of viralvectors and mosaic virus diseases. The experiment was conducted at Subang with the elevation of about 700 m asl.from June to December 2005. A randomized block design with four replications was used in this experiment. Thetreatments were: (1) yellow traps, (2) cabbage plants as a border, (3) silver plastic mulch, (4) black plastic mulch, (5)straws mulch, (6) spray with insecticide with active ingredient imidakloprid and profenofos 1 x/week, and (7) control.The results showed that: (1) the treatment did not affect plant height, but did to canopy width, (2) the silver and blackplastic mulch gave the best effect in suppressing vector population 78-88%, intensities of mosaic virus diseases 68-77%, other pest 57-73% and diseases on hot pepper 50-60% i.e. anthracnose, fruitfly, and fruit root disease, and (3)the treatments maintained yield of healthy fruit up to four times, over the control treatment.
Efikasi dan Persistensi Minyak Serai sebagai Biopestisida terhadap Helicoverpa armigera Hubn. (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) Hasyim, Ahsol; Setiawati, Wiwin; Murtiningsih, R; Sofiari, Eri
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Helicoverpa armigera merupakan hama penting pada tanaman cabai merah. Kehilangan hasil akibat seranganH. armigera dapat mencapai 60%. Pengendalian yang umum dilakukan adalah menggunakan insektisida secara intensif,yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh berbagai konsentrasiminyak serai terhadap aktivitas biologi larva H. armigera. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah KasaBalai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2009 pada suhu 27±20C dan kelembaban75-80%. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam empat tahap kegiatan, yaitu pengaruh minyak serai terhadap: (1) repelensi larvaH. armigera instar II, (2) indeks nutrisi larva H. armigera instar III, (3) toksisitas larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III,serta (4) persistensi minyak serai dalam pakan H. armigera dan pengaruhnya terhadap mortalitas larva H. armigerainstar III. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok yang terdiri atas enam perlakuan dengan empatulangan. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan (dipping methods). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyakserai dapat digunakan sebagai penolak larva H. armigera instar II, dengan tingkat repelensi kelas II (20-40%) dan kelasIII (40-60%). Aplikasi minyak serai pada konsentrasi 3.000-5.000 ppm dalam pakan dapat menurunkan laju konsumsirelatif, laju pertumbuhan relatif, efisiensi konversi makanan yang dicerna dan yang dimakan, serta dapat menghambatmakan larva H. armigera sebesar 50%. Penggunaan minyak serai dapat menurunkan bobot pupa H. armigera jantandan betina. Nilai LC50 untuk larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III berturut-turut ialah 12.795,45, 8.327,42, dan 3.324,89ppm, sedang nilai LC95 untuk larva H. armigera instar I, II, dan III berturut-turut sebesar 10.564,59, 12.535,12, dan4.725,30 ppm. Residu minyak serai dalam pakan H. armigera hanya berkisar antara 1- 4 hari setelah pemaparan ataupada 5 HSP toksisitas menurun drastis. Minyak serai sebagai insektisida nabati mempunyai tingkat persistensi yangrelatif rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, minyak serai dapat digunakan sebagai insektisida yang potensialuntuk dikembangkan secara komersial dan ramah lingkungan dalam rangka pengendalian H. armigera.ABSTRACT. Hasyim, A., W. Setiawati, R. Murtiningsih, and E. Sofiari. 2010. Efficacy and Persistence of CitronellaOil as A Biopesticide Against Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.. The fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubn.) is one ofthe key pests of chili pepper in Indonesia. Yield loss due to this insect pest is up to 60%. The chemical treatment forcontrolling this insect pest is ineffective and eventually leads to environmental pollution. Studies were conducted toassess the biological activity of citronella oil against tomato fruit worm, H. armigera from June to December 2009 atthe Laboratory and the Screenhouse at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute. All the bioassays were conducted undercontrolled environmental conditions (27± 20C and 75-80% RH). Four bioassay steps were performed, i.e the effectof citronella oil on percentage repellency of second instar larvae of H. armigera, the antifeedant effect of citronellaoil against third instar larvae of H. armigera, toxicity of citronella oil on first, second, and third instar larvae of H.armigera and persistence of citronella oil and is effect of mortality of H. armigera. The results indicated that citronellaoil significantly repellened to second larvae of H. armigera with the repellency level of relative lowest II (20-40%) andIII (40-60%). Applications of citronella oil at 3,000 until 5,000 ppm concentrations reduced the food consumptionindex, growth rate, approximate digestability, efficiency of conversion of digested food and feeding deterrent was reducedby 50%. Citronella oil significantly decreased the growth and the development of both pupal male and female of H.armigera. The percentage of mortality rate varied significantly among the H. armigera larvae tested and the values ofLC50 for first, second, and third larvae instar of H. armigera were 12,795.45, 8,327.42, and 3,324.89 ppm, respectively.Meanwhile LC95 value at the first, second, and third larvae instar of H. armigera were 10,564.59, 12,535.12, and 4,725.30ppm, respectively. Residual activity of citronella oil were found to be moderately toxic to H. armigera. The residueof citronella on food H. armigera was about 1-4 days after treatment. However, toxicity decreased significantly after5 days. These results clearly showed that citronella oil was not persistent to the environment due to its volatile nature.These results suggested that the application of citronella oil is potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach forthe control of the agricultural pests H. armigera.
Penggunaan Jenis Entris, Posisi Sambungan, dan Posisi Penyisipan Entris pada Batang Bawah terhadap Keberhasilan Penyambungan dan Pemacuan Pertumbuhan Bibit Manggis Anwarudinsyah, Jawal Muhammad; Poerwanto, Roedhy; Sutrisno, Nono; Purnama, T; Fatria, D
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Bibit manggis yang dihasilkan melalui teknik sambung pucuk berbuah lebih cepat dengan habitus tanamanrendah, sehingga akan mudah dikelola. Populasi tanaman persatuan luas lebih banyak karena jarak tanam yang rapat.Namun, pertumbuhan bibit yang dihasilkan dengan teknik tersebut sangat lambat dengan arah pertumbuhan yangmenyamping, sehingga bentuk kanopinya tidak menarik. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh jenis entris, posisisambungan, dan posisi penyisipan entris pada batang bawah terhadap keberhasilan sambung pucuk dan pemacuanpertumbuhan bibit manggis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Pembibitan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah TropikaSolok mulai bulan Juli 2003 sampai dengan Maret 2005. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompokfaktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah jenis entris yang terdiri atas entris tengah dan samping. Faktorkedua ialah posisi sambungan, yaitu penyambungan pada bagian batang bawah yang masih sukulen dan pada bagianyang sudah berkayu. Faktor ketiga ialah penyisipan entris, yaitu entris disisipkan pada bagian yang lebar dan bagianyang sempit dari batang bawah. Setiap unit perlakuan terdiri atas lima tanaman. Peubah yang diamati meliputikeberhasilan penyambungan, frekuensi pecah tunas, jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, diamater batang, jumlah cabanglateral, dan persentase bibit sambung yang tumbuh menyamping. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tunas tengahdan samping dapat digunakan sebagai entris dengan tingkat keberhasilan penyambungan dan pertumbuhan bibitsambung yang relatif sama (79-80%). Posisi penyambungan yang terbaik adalah pada ruas batang bawah yang berkayu.Penyisipan entris pada bagian yang lebar atau bagian sempit dari ruas batang bawah tidak banyak memengaruhitingkat keberhasilan penyambungan dan pertumbuhan bibit sambung manggis.ABSTRACT. Jawal, M. Anwarudin Syah, R. Poerwanto, N. Sutrisno, T. Purnama, and D. Fatria. 2010. TheEffect of Scion Type, Grafting Position, and Scion Insertion Position on the success of Rootstock Grafting andthe Growth of Grafted Mangosteen. The objective of this study was to determine the best scion type, grafting, andscion insertion position on rootstock on grafted mangosteen. This study was conducted at the Nursery of IndonesianTropical Fruit Research Institute Solok from July 2003 to March 2005 by using a factorial randomized block designwith three replications. The first factor was the scion types (autotroph and plagiotroph), the second factor was thegrafting position (in suculent and wooden tissues), and the third one was the scion insertion position on rootstock i.e.scion was inserted on the wide and narrow parts of rootstock. The observed variable were grafting successfulness,the frequency of flush, leaf number, plant height, stem diameter, and the number of lateral branch. The results of theexperiment indicated that autotroph and plagiotroph scions can be used for mangosteen grafting. Best position forgrafting was wooden part of rootstock. Inserting scion on the wide and narrow parts of rootstock did not affect thegrafting growth successfulness.
Analisis Keragaman Genetik Manggis Menggunakan Teknik Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Makful, Makful; Poernomo, Sudarmadi; Sunyoto, Sunyoto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret 2004 sampai dengan Desember 2005 di Laboratorium PemuliaanBalai Penelitian Tanaman Buah dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Perkebunan. Penelitianbertujuan mengetahui keragaman genetik manggis berdasarkan analisis molekuler dengan teknik AFLP menggunakanlima pasang primer. Analisis keragaman menggunakan program NTSys. Hasil amplifikasi amplified fragment lengthplymorphism (AFLP) terhadap sembilan sampel genom manggis menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang tinggi. Denganmetode unweighted pair-group with arithme average (UPGMA) pada koefisien jarak genetik 60% menghasilkansatu kelompok genom. Pada nilai koefisien kesamaan genetik 70%, aksesi manggis dapat dikategorikan menjadi tigakelompok yaitu kelompok 1 terdiri atas sampel 8-(Garcinia sp. manggis hutan-1), 13-(G. mundar), 17-(Garciniasp. manggis hutan-asam), kelompok 2 mencakup sampel 19-(G. mangostana Pasarminggu-2), 20-( G. mangostanaPasarminggu-1), 22-(G. mangostana Jayanti-2), dan kelompok 3 terdiri atas sampel 25-(G. malaccensis-Jambi),26-(G. malaccensis Bukit Kawang Medan PK 1), dan 27-(G. malaccensis Bukit Lang PK 2). Informasi variabilitasgenetik diharapkan dapat mendukung program pemuliaan manggis.ABSTRACT. Makful, S. Purnomo, and Sunyoto. 2010. Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Mangosteen Basedon the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Technique. This experiment was conducted fromMarch 2004 to December 2005 at the Laboratory of Plant Breeding of Indonesian Fruit Research Institute andthe Laboratory of Biotechnology of Indonesian Estate Crop Research Institute. The objective of the study was todetermine genetic diversity of mangosteen. The method used was AFLP technique with five pairs of primers, whiledata obtained was analyzed by the NTSys program. From the AFLP amplification of nine DNA samples, it wasproven that the accessions of mangosteen had a high degree of diversity. Based on analysis of AFLP and unweightedpair-group with arithme average (UPGMA) it was shown that the samples of mangosteen could be grouped into onecluster at relative ecludian distance of 60% and into three clusters at relative ecludian distance of 70%, i.e. cluster1for sample 8-( Garcinia sp. manggis hutan-1), 13-(G. mundar), 17-( Garcinia sp. manggis hutan-asam) samples,cluster 2 for sample 19-(G. mangostana Pasarminggu-2), 20-(G. mangostana Pasarminggu-1), 22-(G. mangostanaJayanti-2) samples, and cluster 3 for sample 25-(G. malaccensis-Jambi), 26-(G. malaccensis Bukit Kawang MedanPK 1), and 27-(G. malaccensis Bukit Lang PK 2) samples. Information of genetic variability is expected to supportthe mangosteen breeding program.
Perakitan Varietas Tanaman Kerk Lili yang Berbunga Tegak dan Wangi serta Tabung Bunga Pendek Sanjaya, Lia
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Pada tahun 2008 Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias telah melepas varietas Candilongi dengan karakter bungategak, beraroma agak wangi, dan tabung bunga relatif panjang. Perbaikan genetik telah dilakukan selama April 2008sampai dengan Agustus 2010 untuk menghasilkan varietas unggul baru yang disukai konsumen. Tujuan utama programpemuliaan lili ialah memperpendek ukuran tabung bunga. Perakitan varietas lili dimulai dengan menyilangkan aksesikerk lili LC-33 (longiflorum-candidum) dan Casablanca (hibrida oriental). Penyilangan menghasilkan populasi F1yang selanjutnya dipelihara di dalam rumah kaca hingga berbunga. Seleksi positif dilakukan dengan menggunakankriteria ukuran tabung bunga yang lebih pendek daripada Candilongi. Selanjutnya individu terpilih diperbanyak secaraterbatas dan dievaluasi. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan.Perlakuan terdiri atas lima klon terpilih dan varietas Candilongi sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkantiga dari lima klon terpilih memiliki keragaan bunga yang lebih baik daripada varietas Candilongi. Oleh karena itu,tiga klon tersebut sangat potensial untuk dilepas dan dikembangkan secara komersial. Hanya satu klon yang memilikikarakter unik seperti bunga tegak berbentuk lonceng, tabung bunga pendek, dan beraroma sangat wangi.ABSTRACT. Sanjaya, L. 2010. Assembly of Lilium Varieties Which Have Erect Flower, Aromatic Fragrance,and Short Floret Tube. In 2008 Indonesian Ornamental Crop Research Institute released a new superior variety ofLilium cv. Candilongi possessing main flower characteristics i.e., erect flower, moderately strong aromatic fragrance,and moderately long floret tube. Genetic improvement of the new superior variety had been conducted continuouslysince April 2008 to Agustus 2010 to produce new varieties according to consumer’s preferences. The main issueof this breeding program was to shorter its floret tube. To achieve the breeding goal, crosses were made betweenlily accession No. LC-33 (longiflorum-candidum) and cv. Casablanca (oriental hybrid). The crosses produced F1population that were all being maintained intensively in the greenhouse till flowering. Using criterium of shorterfloret tube than Candilongi, positive selection was conducted. Selected plants were being propagated and evaluated.This research was carried out by using a randomized block design with six treatments and three replications. Thetreatments were five selected clones and Candilongi variety as a control. The results showed that three out of fiveclones tested had better performance than Candilongi. Therefore, the three potential clones were recommended tobe released and commercialized in the near future. Only one clone had unique characteristics, that were erect flowerwith bell shape, short floret tube, and strong aromatic fragrance.
Formula Media Kultur Endosperm Jeruk Hasil Persilangan Antarklon Siem dengan Keprok dan Jeruk Besar Sunyoto, Sunyoto; Poernomo, Sudarmadi; Makful, Makful
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Pembentukan hibrida triploid renyah tanpa biji pada tanaman jeruk tipe keprok dapat dilakukan melaluikultur endosperm. Komposisi media yang tepat pada setiap tahapan kultur endosperm sangat menentukan keberhasilanpembentukan hibrida tersebut. Komposisi media induksi kalus sampai regenerasi jaringan endosperm jeruk belumbanyak diketahui. Penelitian bertujuan memperoleh formula media in vitro terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan regenerasikalus endosperm jeruk hasil persilangan antarklon siem dengan keprok dan jeruk besar. Tanaman yang dihasilkandari kultur tersebut diharapkan menjadi kandidat varietas jeruk unggul baru yang mempunyai sifat buah tanpa bijidan berdaging buah renyah. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Biak Pemuliaan dan Plasma Nutfah BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok. Penelitian menggunakan analisis diskriptif yang terdiri atas dua tahapkegiatan yang dilakukan mulai bulan Januari 2005 sampai dengan Januari 2006. Kegiatan pertama ialah produksikalus menggunakan media dasar MurashigeTungker (MT) dengan tiga formula. Kegiatan kedua yaitu regenerasikalus menggunakan media dasar MT dan Murashige Skoog (MS) dengan enam formula media. Hasil percobaanmenunjukkan bahwa media M3 = MT + 5 ppm BAP + 2 ppm 2,4-D + 500 ppm CH + 0,5 ppm KT + 500 ppm ME,merupakan formula media inisiasi kalus yang terbaik. Formula media tersebut mampu menginisiasi terbentuknya kaluslebih cepat, menginduksi kalus yang lebih banyak, kekompakan struktur kalus baik, dan berwarna hijau. Formulamedia regenerasi yang terbaik ialah R3 = MT + 0,25 ppm BAP + 2 ppm GA3 + 500 ppm CH + 40 ppm Ads. Mediatersebut mampu mendukung terbentuknya tunas lebih panjang, jumlah daun, jumlah tunas, dan peningkatan jumlahakar dibandingkan persilangan lainnya. Kalus endosperm hasil persilangan intervarietas siem x keprok Dancy, dansiem x keprok Cina Konde merupakan kalus terbaik untuk diregenerasikan.ABSTRACT. Sunyoto, S. Purnomo, and Makful. 2010. Media Formula for Citrus Endosperm Culture ofHybridization between Clones of Tangerine and Clones of Mandarin and Pummelo. Formation of triploid hybridsof crunchy seedless mandarin types of citrus can be established through the induction of endosperm culture. Thecomposition of appropriate media at each stage of endosperm culture determines the success of teh hybrid production.The media compositions of callus of endosperm induction and its regeneration have not been known yet so far. Theaim of this research was to determine the best formula of in vitro medium to induce and regenerate endosperm callusof citrus hybrids. Plantlets produced from the culture were expected to be new superior varieties bearing seedlessand crispy fruits. Research was carried out in the Tissue Culture Breeding and Germplasm Laboratory, IndonesianTropical Fruits Research Institute from January 2005 to January 2006. Discriptive analysis was used in this research.The research composed of consecutive activities.The first activity was to produce callus using basic medium MT(MurashigeTungker) with three medium composition treatments, and the second one, was to regenerate embryoidcallus using MT and MS medium with six medium compositions. The results showed that medium of M3 = MT +5 ppm BAP + 2 ppm 2.4-D + 500 ppm CH + 0.5 ppm KT + 500 ppm ME was the best formula for callus initiation.This medium initiated faster growth of callus and gave higher percentage of callus formation that was more compactin structure, and green in color, than other tested media. The best medium for regeneration of embryoid callus wasR3 = MT + 0.25 ppm BAP + 2 ppm GA3 + 500 ppm CH + 40 ppm Ads. This medium increased the length of shoots,the number of leaves, shoots, and roots more than the other media. Endosperm calli produced from hybridizationintervarieties of tangerine x mandarin Dancy and tangerine x mandarin Cina Konde were the best calli for regeneration

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