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INDONESIA
Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,166 Documents
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Respons Hama Lalat Buah Jantan terhadap beberapa Jenis Atraktan dan Warna Perangkap di Kebun Petani Hasyim, Ahsol; Boy, A; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 2 (2010): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian respons lalat buah jantan terhadap beberapa jenis atraktan dan warna perangkap dilakukan dikebun buah dan sayur Padang Pariaman dari bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2006. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok pola faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah warna perangkap (merah, kuning,hijau, oranye, dan transparan). Faktor kedua ialah atraktan ME sintetik (metil eugenol murni 90%), petrogenol (ME70%), dan cue-lure. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata jumlah lalat buah yang terperangkap/perangkap/haripada berbagai warna perangkap dan atraktan sintetik berbeda nyata. Lalat buah lebih banyak terperangkap, diperolehpada perangkap warna kuning (39 ekor), kemudian diikuti oleh perangkap warna merah, hijau, oranye, dan transparan,masing-masing 29,84, 27,99, 14,89, dan 14,3 ekor lalat buah/perangkap/hari. Jumlah lalat buah paling banyak tertarikpada perangkap dengan atraktan metil eugenol murni dibandingkan dengan perangkap ME 70% dan cue-lure. Perangkapwarna kuning dengan atraktan ME dapat menarik lebih banyak jenis lalat buah (11 spesies) kemudian diikuti olehperangkap transparan, perangkap warna merah, oranye, dan hijau, masing-masing dapat menarik berturut-turut 9,8, 8, dan 7 jenis lalat buah. Penggabungan antara warna perangkap dengan atraktan sintetik metil eugenol, dapatmeningkatkan kemampuan sebagai perangkap yang potensial dan juga sebagai alat monitoring lalat buah.ABSTRACT. Hasyim, A., A. Boy, and Y. Hilman. 2010. The Response of Male Fruit Fly to Various Attractantand Trap Colors in the Farmer Orchard. The research was conducted in fruits and vegetables farmer orchard inPadang Pariaman from June to October 2006. The factorial randomized completely design with three replications andtwo factors were used in this experiment. The first factor was trap color (red, yellow, green, orange, and transparent).The second factor was kind of synthetic attractant (pure methyl eugenol 90%, petrogenol 70%, and cue-lure). Theresults showed that number of flies’ caught/trap/day was significantly different in response to trap colors and syntheticattractant. Yellow colored trap captured significantly highest number of male fruit fly (39 flies/trap/day) followed byred, green, orange, and transparent trap which were 29.84, 27.99, 14.89, and 14.3 fruit fly/trap/days, respectively.Pure ME (90%) attracted highest number of flies comparing ME 70% (petrogenol) and cue-lure. Yellow trap attractedhighest number of flies species (11 species) followed by transparent trap, red, orange, and green which were of 9, 8,8, and 7 species, respectively. The incorporation of trap color and synthetic attractant such as methyl eugenol wouldprovide powerful tools not only potential for fruit fly trapped but also for monitoring.
Beberapa Aspek Bioekologi Hama Penggerek Batang Mangga Muryati, Muryati; Istianto, M; Affandi, Affandi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 2 (2010): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penggerek batang merupakan masalah utama pada budidaya mangga di wilayah rendah basah. Informasimengenai hama ini masih sangat sedikit, sehingga upaya untuk mendapatkan teknologi pengendalian agak sulitdilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data mengenai jenis penggerek, tingkat serangan OPT padabeberapa lokasi dan varietas mangga, serta eksplorasi untuk mendapatkan musuh alaminya. Penelitian dilakukandengan metode survai mulai Januari 2005 sampai dengan Desember 2006. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwahama penggerek yang menyerang tanaman mangga di Sumatera Barat dan Sumatera Utara adalah Rhytidodera integra(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (Kolbe 1886). Selain didominasi jenis hama tersebut, di Kebun Percobaan Balai PenelitianTanaman Buah Tropika juga ditemukan jenis lain, yaitu spesies Palimna annulata Oliver (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).Perilaku kedua jenis hama tersebut sama, yaitu menyerang mangga mulai dari pucuk kemudian menuju ke bagianbatang utama. Hama penggerek batang menyerang hampir semua varietas yang ditemui dan ditemukan di semuadaerah yang disurvai. Tingkat serangan rerata hama penggerek batang di Sumatera Barat 8,83% dan di Sumatera Utara10,36%. Varietas mangga yang terserang paling parah di Sumatera Barat adalah Cengkir (23,26%) dan di SumateraUtara adalah Podang (19,01%). Lima jenis agens pengendali biologi hama penggerek batang mangga ditemukanselama pelaksanaan survai. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai informasi awal untuk menyusun teknologipengendalian hama penggerek batang mangga.ABSTRACT. Muryati, M. Istianto, and Affandi. 2010. Some Bioecological Aspects of Mango Stem Borer.Stem borer is the most important pest on mango in the wet lowland area. The information about this pest was stillvery limited, therefore, it is difficult to arrange its control strategy. The research were intended to collect data on thespecies of stem borer from some locations, its damage severity on some mango varieties as well as its natural enemies.The study was conducted by survey method from January 2005 to December 2006. The research revealed that thestem borer found in some locations was dominated by Rhytidodera integra (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (Kolbe 1886).Besides this species, another Cerambycidae, i.e. Palimna annulata Oliver was also found at Aripan Research Stationof Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute. Both species have a similar behavior. The stem borer attacked almostall varieties that were found in research locations. The damage severity of mango by stem borer was 8.83 and 10.36%in West Sumatera and in North Sumatera, respectively. The most severe damage of mango variety in West Sumaterawas Cengkir (23.26%), while in North Sumatera was Podang (19.01%). Five species of natural enemies were foundduring the study. The results of this experiment can be used as initial information to control mango stem borer
Identifikasi dan Analisis Tingkat Parasitasi Jenis Parasitoid terhadap Hama Lalat Buah Bactrocera tau pada Tanaman Markisa L, Octriana
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 2 (2010): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Untuk mengidentifikasi jenis parasitoid dan menganalisis tingkat parasitasinya pada hama lalat buahBactrocera tau, pupa dikumpulkan dari kebun milik petani di Alahan Panjang, Solok. Pupa tersebut dibawa keLaboratorium Proteksi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika dan dipelihara pada suhu kamar. Pupa dimasukkanke dalam cawan petri yang dialasi tisu basah, kemudian dihitung jumlah pupa yang menetas, pupa yang diserangparasitoid, serta parameter mortalitas lainnya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai Desember 2006. Hasilidentifikasi diperoleh empat jenis parasitoid yang memparasit B. tau, yaitu Opius oophilus, O. longicaudatus, O.vandenboschi, dan Tetrastichus giffardianus. Parasitoid ini menyebabkan kematian pupa yang dikumpulkan dilapangan sebesar 50,09% dan memparasit larva pada buah yang jatuh sebesar 31,20%. Tetrastichus giffardianus lebihdominan di kebun dengan kemampuan parasitasi 38,06%, sedangkan Opius spp. pada stadia larva, lebih dominandengan kemampuan parasitasi 24%. Parasitoid ini memiliki potensi sebagai agens pengendali hama secara terpadudi perkebunan markisa.ABSTRACT. Octriana, L. 2010. Identification of Parasitoid and Analysis of Its Parasitic Level on Fruit FlyBactrocera tau in Passion Fruit. Information of parasitoid diversity of fruit fly in passion fruit is still limited.Therefore, identification of parasitoid and analysis of its parasitic level is important. To obtain parasitoids, the pupaewere collected from fields in Alahan Panjang. The sample of pupae mass were reared at the Laboratory of IndonesianTropical Fruits Research Institute, Solok, West Sumatera under room temperature. Each pupae was isolated in petridishand recorded on hatching failure, pupae which were attached by parasitoid, and other mortality parameters. Theresearch was conducted from Juli to December 2006. The results indicated that four species of parasitoid, namelyOpius oophilus, O. longicaudatus, O. vandenboschi, and Tetrastichus giffardianus were found. The four parasitoidscould occur simultaneously in the field, resulting synergistic parasitism up to 50.09%. On the fallen fruits, theirparasitism reached 31.20%. Tetrastichus giffardianus was clearly predominant in the field and represented around38.06%, whereas Opius spp. was predominant on the larvae, amounted about 24%. These indigenous parasitoidswere potentially used as biocontrol agent in the integrated pest management program in passion fruits orchard.
Sistem Pengadaan dan Distribusi Benih Bawang Merah pada Tingkat Petani di Kabupaten Brebes Basuki, rofik Sinung
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 2 (2010): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui sumber benih, cara pengadaan, dan kualitas benih yang ditanampetani, serta ketersediaan benih bawang merah bermutu untuk petani di Brebes. Hasil penelitian digunakan sebagaimasukan pembuatan kebijakan untuk memperbaiki sistem perbenihan bawang merah di Brebes. Penelitian deskriptifini dilakukan di Brebes pada bulan September 2007. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga desa yang dipilih secara purposiveberdasarkan jenis varietas dominan yang ditanam di lokasi tersebut. Responden dipilih secara purposive berdasarkanjenis varietas yang ditanam, yaitu 35 petani yang menanam benih varietas lokal dan 10 petani yang menanam benihvarietas impor. Selain petani, juga dipilih secara purposive sembilan responden pedagang atau penangkar benih. Dataprimer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara individual dengan responden menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang terkumpuldianalisis menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber benih varietaslokal yang ditanam oleh sebagian besar petani responden (94%) berasal dari benih yang dihasilkan petani sendiridari penyisihan hasil bawang konsumsi musim sebelumnya dan sebagian kecil (6%) berasal dari benih yang dibelidari petani lain, sedangkan benih varietas impor yang ditanam petani, seluruhnya (100%) berasal dari pembelian ditoko atau pedagang benih. Petani memproduksi benih sendiri dengan cara menyisihkan sebagian dari hasil bawangkonsumsi musim sebelumnya yang pertumbuhan tanamannya masih bagus, produktivitas, dan kemurnian varietasnyamasih tinggi. Kualitas benih yang dihasilkan petani cukup baik dalam hal daya tumbuh (99,1%), tingkat infeksi olehpenyakit tular benih (1,7%), dan persentase kemurnian varietas (99,3%). Benih yang tersedia di lokasi penelitian,sebagian besar (>94%) berasal dari benih hasil produksi petani, tidak ada yang berasal dari hasil penangkaran benihsecara khusus.ABSTRACT. Basuki, R.S. 2010. Procurement and Distribution System of Shallots Seed at Farmer Level atBrebes District. The objectives of the research were to understand the sources, procurement methods, and qualityof shallots seed planted by farmers as well as the availability of good quality seed for farmers in Brebes. The resultof this study was used as policy input for improving the existing shallots seed system in Brebes. Descriptive researchwas conducted in Brebes on September 2007, in three villages selected purposively based on the dominant shallotsvarieties planted by farmers in the locations. Respondents were selected purposively based on the shallots varietiesplanted, consisted of 35 farmers who planted local varieties and 10 farmers who planted imported variety of shallotsseed. In addition, nine shallots seed growers or traders were also selected purposively as respondents. Primary datawas collected through individual interview with respondents. The results showed that most farmers (94%) who plantedlocal varieties used their own seed obtained from previous harvest, and only 6% used their seed from other farmers.Meanwhile, all farmers (100%) who planted imported seed they bought from seed stores or traders. Farmers obtainedtheir own shallots seed from the healthy, productive, and high purity variety from previous harvest. The quality offarmers’ seed was good in terms of high percentage of seed growth (99.1%), low disease infected seed (1.7%), andhigh purity of variety (99.3%). The availability of seed mostly (>94%) was farmers’ seed, and almost no sources ofseed obtained from special seed growers.
Analisis Finansial Penggunaan Benih Kentang G4 Bersertifikat dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Usahatani Petani Kentang Ridwan, H K; Nurmalinda, Nurmalinda; Sabari, Sabari; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 2 (2010): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Permasalahan utama usahatani kentang ialah produktivitas rerata yang masih rendah, yaitu sekitar16,94 t/ha. Penggunaan benih G4 bersertifikat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan para petanikentang. Penelitian mengenai analisis finansial penggunaan benih G4 bersertifikat dalam meningkatkan pendapatanusahatani kentang di Indonesia telah dilakukan di Kecamatan Pangalengan, Bandung, Jawa Barat dan KecamatanBatur, Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah, dari bulan Januari-Desember 2008. Tujuan penelitian ialah menganalisis secarafinansial penggunaan benih kentang G4 bersertifikat dalam hal biaya, produksi, penerimaan, dan keuntungan bersihusahatani dibanding dengan penggunaan benih kentang tidak bersertifikat. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metodesurvei. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara berstruktur dengan petani, sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dariinstansi terkait. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan secara deskriptif, sedangkan analisis biaya dan pendapatan dilakukandengan metode analisis finansial statik serta uji t untuk membandingkan dua perlakuan. Hasil analisis biaya usahatanikentang menunjukkan bahwa di Pangalengan rerata biaya produksi kentang dengan benih G4 bersertifikat mencapaiRp37.042.970,00, dan benih tidak bersertifikat Rp29.305.108,00 per ha/musim. Di Batur, rerata biaya produksikentang dengan benih G4 bersertifikat mencapai Rp23.718.196,00 dan benih tidak bersertifikat Rp22.589.475,00 perha/musim. Di Pangalengan, rerata produksi kentang yang dihasilkan dengan benih G4 bersertifikat mencapai 26.364kg, dan benih tidak bersertifikat mencapai 22.001 kg per ha/musim. Di Batur, rerata produksi kentang dengan benihG4 bersertifikat dan benih tidak bersertifikat masing-masing mencapai 16.976 kg dan 14.031 kg per ha/musim. Hasilanalisis masukan dan keluaran menunjukkan bahwa, di Pangalengan usahatani kentang yang menggunakan benihG4 bersertifikat dan benih tidak bersertifikat mendapatkan penerimaan serta keuntungan bersih masing-masingRp70.417.354,00 dan Rp53.529.785,00 serta Rp33.374.384,00 dan Rp24.224.677,00 per ha/musim, sedangkan di Baturmendapatkan penerimaan Rp67.130.010,00 dan Rp51.338.645,00 serta keuntungan bersih sebesar Rp43.411.814,00dan Rp28.749.170,00 per ha/musim. Hasil perhitungan uji t menunjukkan bahwa, di Pangalengan penggunaan benihkentang G4 bersertifikat memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan nyata dalam biaya dan penerimaan, sedangkan di Batur,memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan nyata dalam penerimaan dan keuntungan bersih usahatani dibanding dengan yangmenggunakan benih tidak bersertifikat.ABSTRACT. Ridwan, H.K., Nurmalinda, Sabari, and Y. Hilman. 2010. Financial Analysis of Potato FarmingSystem Using G4 Certified Seed to Improve Potato Farmer’s Income. The main problem on potato farmingsystem was low productivity (16.94 t/ha). The use of certified seeds (generation four/G4) was expected to improveproductivity and potato farmers income. The research was conducted at Pangalengan District, Bandung, West JavaProvince and Batur District, Banjarnegara, Central Java, from January to December 2008. The objectives of thisresearch was to analyze financially the used of certified seed (G4) in term of production cost, productivity, revenue,and profit of potato farming in comparation with the used of uncertified seed. The study was conducted by usingsurvey method. Primary data were obtained through interviewing farmers and secondary data were collected fromthe related institutions. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively, while the cost and income analysis weredone by static method, and t test. The results indicated that the production cost in Pangalengan reached as much asRp37,042,970.00/ha (using certified seeds) and Rp29,305,108.00/ha (using uncertified seeds). Similar result wasobtained in Batur, the production cost was Rp23,718,196.00/ha (using certified seeds) and Rp22,589,475.00/ha (usinguncertified seeds). In Pangalengan, potato productivity reached 26,364 kg/ha (using certified seeds) and 22,001 kg/ha (using uncertified seeds), while in Batur, the productivity was about 16,976 kg/ha (using certified seeds) and14,031 kg/ha (using uncertified seeds). The result of input and output analyses showed that in Pangalengan, potatofarming provide revenue and profit about Rp.70,417,354.00 and Rp.33,374,384.00/ha/season respectively (usingcertified seeds), while uncertified seeds gave revenue and profit Rp.53,529,785.00/ha and Rp.24,224,677.00/ha/season, respectively. Whereas in Batur, the use of certified seeds provide revenue and profit Rp.67,130,010.00 andRp.43,411,818.00/ha/season respectively, while uncertified seeds provide Rp.51,338,645.00 and Rp.28,749,170.00/ha/season respectively. The results of t-test showed that in Pangalengan, the use of certified seeds was significantlydifferent in term of production cost and revenue, while in Batur, there were a significant different on the revenue andbenefit between the use of certified and uncertified seeds.
Pengaruh Kompos yang Diperkaya Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen dan Pelarut Fosfat terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kapri dan Aktivitas Enzim Fosfatase dalam Tanah Widawati, S; Suliasih, Suliasih; Muharam, Agus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penggunaan pupuk organik dalam budidaya sayuran memiliki beberapa keuntungan, terutama untukmempertahankan kondisi tanah dan menekan penggunaan pupuk anorganik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di DesaCidawu (1.250 m dpl.), Cibodas, Kabupaten Cianjur, Provinsi Jawa Barat, mulai bulan Januari sampai Desember2007. Sampel tanah dikoleksi dari daerah berbeda di Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahuipengaruh kompos yang diperkaya dengan bakteri pelarut fosfat (phosphate solubilizing bacteria=PSB) terhadappertumbuhan tanaman kapri dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase di dalam tanah. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Varietas kapri yang digunakan ialah varietas lokal. Perlakuanterdiri atas (A) tanpa pupuk, (B) pupuk anorganik (TSP+KCl+Urea), (C) kotoran ayam + sekam, (D) kompos, dan(E) kompos plus, yaitu kompos yang diberi campuran bakteri, yaitu bakteri penambat nitrogen simbiotik, bakteripenambat nitrogen nonsimbiotik, dan bakteri pelarut fosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran bakteriyang diisolasi dari tanah gambut di Kalimantan Barat yang terkandung dalam kompos plus dapat beradaptasi denganbaik pada lahan di lokasi penelitian. Populasi total SNFB, NSNFB, dan PSB meningkat masing-masing menjadi 9,15x 108, 9,34 x 108, dan 9,35 x 108 sel/g tanah. Keberadaan campuran bakteri tersebut mampu meningkatkan aktivitasenzim fosfatase asam dan basa di dalam tanah. Peningkatan tertinggi aktivitas enzim fosfomonoesterase asam danbasa dicapai pada perlakuan kompos plus. Perlakuan tersebut juga meningkatkan berat buah kapri dibandingkandengan kontrol (75,32 %), perlakuan pupuk kimia (45,48%), kotoran ayam + sekam ( 31,19 %), dan kompos (15,60%). Pemanfaatan campuran bakteri pelarut fosfat tersebut dalam kompos diharapkan dapat digunakan secara meluasdalam pembudidayaan kapri dalam sistem organic farming (OF), sehingga berperan dalam peningkatan produksi dansekaligus menekan penggunaan pupuk anorganik.ABSTRACT. Widawati, S., Suliasih, and A. Muharam. 2010. The Effect of Compost Enriched with SymbioticNitrogen Fixing and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on the Growth of Peas and the Activity of PhosphataseEnzymes in the Soil. The use of organic materials on cultivation of vegetable crops has some advantages, especiallyfor maintaining suitable soil conditions and decreasing the utilization of inorganic fertilizers. The research wascarried out at Cidawu Village, Cibodas (1,250 m asl.), Cianjur, West Java, from January to December 2007. Soilsamples were collected from some different areas in Pontianak, West Kalimantan. The research was aimed todetermine the effect of compost enriched with mixed phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth of peasand on the activity of phosphatase enzymes in the soil. A randomized block design with five treatments and threereplications was used in the experiment. A local variety of peas was utilized in the experiment. The treatments werethe addition of fertilizers consisted of (A) without any fertilizer, (B) with inorganic fertilizers i.e. TSP+KCl+Urea,(C) with chicken dung + rice husk, (D) with compost, and (E) with compost plus (compost enriched with symbioticnitrogen fixing bacteria/SNFB, nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria/NSNFB, and PSB). The results showed thatthe mixed bacteria isolated from peat soil in West Kalimantan in the compost plus (treatment E) properly adaptedin soil conditions at the site of the experiment. The total populations of SNFB, NSNFB, and PSB were increased upto 9.15 x 108, 9.34 x 108, and 9.35 x 108 cell/g soil, respectively. The occurrence of the mixed bacteria increased theactivity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the soil. The highest activities of acid and alkaline phosphomonoesteraseenzymes in the soil achieved by the treatment of compost plus. The treatment increased the fresh weight of peascompared to control (75.32 %), to the chemical fertilizers (45.48%), to chicken dung+rice husk ( 31.19 %), and tocompost (15.60 %). The widely application of the mixed PSB in compost is hopefully established in cultivation ofpeas in the organic farming (OF) system, then it will confidently support on the increase of peas production, and thedecrease of inorganic fertilizers as well.
Studi Fenofisiologi Pembungaan Salak Gula Pasir sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Kegagalan Fruit-Set Rai, I Nengah; Semarajaya, CGA; Wiraatmaja, I Wayan
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Salak Gula Pasir secara alamiah berbunga setiap 3 bulan sekali atau empat kali setahun, tetapi dariempat kali musim pembungaan, hanya satu sampai dua musim pembungaan saja yang menghasilkan buah. Kegagalanfruit-set menyebabkan panen buah salak Gula Pasir bersifat musiman. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari fenofisiologipembungaan salak Gula Pasir untuk mengatasi kegagalan fruit-set dan memproduksi buah di luar musim. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor perlakuan dan 20 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah musimpembungaan terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu musim pembungaan sela I (April), musim pembungaan gadu (Juli), dan musimpembungaan sela II (Oktober). Penelitian dilakukan di kebun salak Gula Pasir milik petani di Desa Sibetan, KecamatanBebandem, Kabupaten Karangasem, mulai bulan Maret sampai November 2009. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadappertumbuhan bunga dan buah, iklim mikro, kandungan N, P, dan K jaringan daun, dan kandungan N, P, dan K tanah.Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam sesuai dengan rancangan yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwatanaman salak Gula Pasir yang diteliti dapat berbunga dengan baik pada sela I, gadu, dan sela II, tetapi persentasefruit-set pada gadu sangat rendah (20,53%) atau persentase bunga gugur sangat tinggi (79,47%). Tingginya persentasebunga gugur pada gadu berhubungan dengan kondisi iklim yang kurang mendukung, karena rendahnya intensitascurah hujan dan jumlah hari hujan, sehingga tanaman kekurangan air, yang ditunjukkan oleh rendahnya kandunganair relatif pada daun. Pembuahan salak Gula Pasir di luar musim dapat dilakukan dengan mengurangi persentasebuah gugur melalui pemberian air irigasi sebagai pengganti rendahnya curah hujan dan hari hujan.ABSTRACT. Rai, I. N., C.G.A. Semarajaya, and I. W. Wiraatmaja. 2010. A Study on the FloweringPhenophysiology of Gula Pasir Snake Fruit to Prevent Failure of Fruit-set. Flowering of Gula Pasir snake fruitnaturally occures once every 3 months or four times a year, but only one to two of flowering seasons succeeds toproduce fruit. Fruit-set failure causes the fruit harvest seasonally occurs. This research was aimed to study Floweringphenophysiology of Gula Pasir snake fruit to prevent failure fruit-set and to produce off-season fruit. A randomizedcomplete design with one treatment factor and 20 replications was used in the research. The treatment was floweringseason consisted of three levels i.e. sela I (April), gadu (July), and sela II (October). The research was conductedat a farmer’s snake fruit orchard in Sibetan Village, Bebandem Subdistrict, Karangasem Regency, from March toNovember 2009. Variables observed were flower and fruit growth, microclimate, N, P, and K leaf tissue content,and N, P, and K soil content. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (anova). The results showed that theability of the crop to flowering was the same between season of sela I, gadu, and sela II. However, the percentageof fruit-set at gadu was very low (20.53%) or flower drop was very high (79.47%). Due to unfavorable climaticecondition that was very low total rain day and rainfall. Therefore, the crop did not obtain sufficient water, that wasindicated by the lowest relative water content on leaf. Off-season fruit production of Gula Pasir snake fruit of couldbe established by decreasing the percentage of flower drop by utilyzing irrigation as the substitution of low totalrain day and rainfall.
Alternatif Model Usahatani Konservasi Tanaman Sayuran di Hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung Sutrisna, Nana; Sitorus, Santun RP; Pramudya, B; Harianto, Harianto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung merupakan lahan kering dataran tinggi. Penggunaan lahan yang tidaksesuai dengan kesesuaian, menyebabkan lahan mengalami degradasi. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah merancangalternatif model usahatani konservasi tanaman sayuran di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung, sedangkan tujuan antara ialah(1) mengevaluasi kesesuaian penggunaan lahan existing sesuai dengan kesesuaian lahannya, (2) mengarakterisasiusahatani existing, dan (3) menganalisis komponen yang paling berpengaruh pada subsistem usahatani konservasi.Penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelas kesesuaian penggunaan lahanexisting di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung tergolong sesuai marginal (S3) dengan faktor pembatas pH, KB, KTK,ketersediaan oksigen, dan lereng. Kegiatan usahatani yang dilakukan petani di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung sudahberorientasi agribisnis, sehingga penggunaannya sangat intensif, namun belum sepenuhnya menerapkan teknologikonservasi. Komponen yang paling berpengaruh pada subsistem usahatani adalah jenis tanaman, sistem penanaman, danpenggunaan bahan amelioran, sedangkan pada subsistem konservasi adalah konservasi mekanik dan penggunaan mulsa.Lima alternatif model usahatani konservasi tanaman sayuran di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung yang diperoleh, yaitu (1)model A: sistem usahatani konservasi teras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur,sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (2) model B: sistem usahatanikonservasi teras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistempenanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (3) model C: sistem usahatani konservasiteras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistempenanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (4) model D: sistem usahatani konservasiteras gulud, bedengan searah lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, dan (5) model E: sistem usahatani konservasi teras gulud, bedengan searahlereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III. Model A, B, dan C diarahkan untuk dapat diterapkan pada lahan dengankemiringan 16-25%, sedangkan model D dan E diarahkan pada lahan dengan kemiringan 8-15%. Untuk mempercepatpenerapan model usahatani konservasi oleh petani diperlukan kelembagaan penunjang usahatani konservasi.ABSTRACT. Sutrisna, N., Santun R.P. Sitorus, B. Pramudya, and Harianto. 2010. The Alternative ConservationFarming System Model on Vegetable Plants in Upstream Areas of Subwatershed Cikapundung. The upstreamarea of Subwatershed Cikapundung are located in the dry highland. Inappropriate land usage that doesn’t utilize itsland suitability causes land degradation. The main objective of this research was to design the alternative conservationfarming system model on vegetable plants in upstream areas of subwatershed Cikapundung. The other objectives were(1) to analyze suitability of existing land utilization, (2) to characterize existing farming system, and (3) to analyzethe most effective component of the conservation farming system. This research was conducted by using a surveymethod. The results showed that the category in accordant to existing land use was belong to marginally suitable(S3). The limited factors were pH, base saturation, CEC, drainage, and slope. The most influence component of theconservation farming system were kinds of vegetation, cropping system, ameliorant, conservation techniques, andplastic mulch. There were five alternative models of conservation farming system that can be used in upstream areas ofsubwatershed Cikapundung. Those were (1) model A: conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankmentcrosses the slope, uses of organic matter and lime, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categoriesI+III or II +III, (2) model B: conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankment crosses the slope, usesorganic matter, uses mulch, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categories I+III or II+III, (3) model C:conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankment one-way the slope, use organic matter and lime, usesmulch, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categories I+III or II+III, (4) model D: conservation farmingsystem gulud terraces, the embankment one-way the slope, uses organic matter and lime, and planting of vegetablescropping system with categories I+III or II+III, and (5) model E: conservation farming system gulud terraces, theembankment one-way the slope, uses organic matter and lime, uses mulch, and planting of vegetables cropping systemwith categories I+III or II+III. The alternative models A, B, and C can be used at sloping land 16-25%, meanwhilethe alternative models D and E at sloping land 8-15%. To accelerate the implementation of farming system modelby farmers, the supporting institution of conservation farming system is required.
Aplikasi Pupuk Organik dan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat dan Aktivitas Mikroba Tanah Suliasih, Suliasih; Widawati, S; Muharam, Agus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Pemanfaatan bahan organik untuk budidaya tomat dewasa ini difokuskan untuk menekan penggunaanbahan kimia yang berlebihan, sehingga kerusakan lingkungan dapat diminimalkan. Percobaan dilaksanakan di DesaCidawu, Cibodas, Cianjur (1.250 m dpl.), sejak Januari sampai Desember 2007. Pupuk organik yang digunakanyaitu kompos dan kotoran ayam + sekam, sedangkan pupuk hayati yaitu bakteri pelarut fosfat (phosphatesolubilizing bacteria = PSB). Tujuan percobaan adalah mendapatkan inokulan yang efektif untuk meningkatkanpertumbuhan dan hasil tomat, serta menstimulasi aktivitas mikroba dan enzim fosfatase di dalam tanah. Percobaanmenggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu tanpa pemupukan maupun inokulan (K),pemberian inokulan PSB (P1), pemberian kompos (P2), pemberian kotoran ayam+sekam (P3), dan pemberianpupuk kimia NPK (P4), masing-masing dengan tiga kali ulangan. Varietas tomat yang digunakan adalah Gondol.Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk organik atau inokulan PSB dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhantanaman tomat dan hasil buahnya, serta populasi PSB dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase di dalam tanah. Pemberianinokulan PSB menghasilkan peubah tinggi tanaman tomat tertinggi (108,3 cm) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (72,3cm), dan meningkatkan hasil buah sebanyak 88,2% dibandingkan dengan kontrol, dan juga lebih tinggi daripadapemberian pupuk kimia NPK. Peningkatan tertinggi populasi PSB dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase asam serta basadalam tanah setelah panen tomat juga diperoleh dari pemberian inokulan PSB dibandingkan dengan perlakuanlain. Implementasi inokulan PSB dan pupuk organik secara meluas dalam pembudidayaan tomat diharapkandapat mendorong peningkatan produksi, produktivitas, dan mutu buah tomat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar.ABSTRACT. Suliasih, S. Widawati, and A. Muharam. 2010. The Application of Organic Fertilizers andPhosphate Solubilizing Bacteria to Increase the Growth of Tomato and Soil Microbial Activities. The use oforganic matters on tomato cultivation is focused to decrease the utilization of chemical substances for minimizingenvironmental degradation. An experiment was conducted at Cidawu Village, Cibodas, Cianjur (1,250 m asl.) todetermine the suitable and effective inoculant to increase the growth of tomato plants, and also to stimulate soil microbialactivities. The tomato variety used was Gondol. The organic fertilizers were compost, chicken dung plus rice husk,and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), as a biofertilizer. A randomized block design with three replications wasutilized in this experiment. The treatments consisted of without organic fertilizers or PSB (control) (K), inoculationof PSB (P1), application of compost (P2), (4) application of chicken dung plus rice husk (P3), and application of thechemical fertilizer (NPK) (P4). The results showed that the application of organic fertilizers and PSB increased thegrowth of tomato plants and also PSB population, acid, and alkaline phosphatase activities in the soil after harvesting.The inoculation of PSB resulted in heighest plant height (108.3 cm) compared to control (72.3 cm) and also thehighest tomato yield compared to the control treatment (88.2%), and even it was higher than the yield caused by theapplication of the chemical fertilizer. The highest increase of PSB population and the activities of acid and alkalinephosphatase enzymes in soil after harvesting was also caused by the application of the PSB inoculant compared to theother treatments. The applications of organic fertilizers and PSB for wide scale cultivation of tomato expectantly playan important role for increasing production, productivity, and quality of tomato to fulfill market demand for the product.
Formulasi Biopestisida Berbahan Aktif Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Corynebacterium sp. Nonpatogenik untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Karat pada Krisan Hanudin, Hanudin; Nuryani, Wakiah; Silvia, Evi; Djatnika, Ika; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Karat putih yang disebabkan oleh Puccinia horiana merupakan salah satu penyakit pada krisan yangdapat menimbulkan kehilangan hasil sampai 100% . Selama ini untuk mengendalikan patogen tersebut, petani seringmenggunakan pestisida kimiawi. Hal tersebut sangat mengkhawatirkan mengingat penggunaan fungisida sintetiksecara berlebihan dapat mencemari lingkungan yang membahayakan bagi kehidupan makhluk hidup. Oleh karenaitu, cara pengendalian alternatif yang efektif dan aman bagi lingkungan diperlukan untuk mengendalikan penyakitkarat putih pada krisan. Salah satu alternatif cara pengendalian penyakit karat yaitu dengan mengaplikasikanbiopestisida yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium, rumah kaca, dan rumah plastik KebunPercobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (1.100 m dpl), pada bulan April 2009 sampai Februari 2010. Tiga spesiesbakteri antagonis sebagai bahan aktif biopestisida (Bacillus subtilis Cs 1a, Corynebacterium sp.1, dan Pseudomonasflurescens 3 Sm) dan bahan pembawa (campuran antara ekstrak kascing, molase, gula pasir, dan atau kentang),masing-masing diformulasi dalam 12 jenis formula biopestisida cair. Formulasi biopestisida difermentasikan selama3 minggu dalam keadaan aerobik menggunakan biofermentor. Viabilitas bahan aktif dalam bahan pembawa diujisetiap bulan, yaitu pada periode sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi bahanaktif setelah difermentasi selama 3 minggu selalu meningkat, populasi bahan aktif sebelum fermentasi sejumlah 105cfu/ml meningkat menjadi 106-7 cfu/ml. Dua bulan setelah fermentasi, populasi bahan aktif biopestisida masih tetaptinggi yaitu berkisar antara 106-11 cfu/ml. Perlakuan ekstrak kascing + gula pasir + B. subtilis + P. fluorescens +Corynebacterium pada tingkat konsentrasi 0,3% merupakan perlakuan terbaik. Disamping dapat menekan intensitasserangan P. horiana (38,49%), formulasi biopestisida tersebut juga dapat menaikkan hasil panen bunga krisan layakjual sebanyak 14,58%.ABSTRACT. Hanudin, W. Nuryani, E. Silvia, I. Djatnika, and B. Marwoto. 2010. Formulation of BiopesticideContaining Bacilllus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Corynebacterium sp. for Controlling WhiteRust Disease on Chrysanthemum. White rust caused by Puccinia horiana is one of the contagious diseases ofchrysanthemum that is able to cause yield losses up to 100%. Chemical synthetic fungicides have been used tocontrol the disease. Because of harmful effects of the synthetic fungicides, the other alternative measure to controlthe disease have to be developed in order to support the sustainable farming system. One of the recommended controlmeasures is the application of biopesticide which is environmentaly friendly. The experiments were conducted inthe laboratory, glasshouse, and plastichouse of Indonesia Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl), fromApril 2009–February 2010. Three candidates of biocontrol agents, i.e. B. subtilis Cs 1a, Corynebacterium sp.1, andP. fluorescens 3 Sm, were formulated with organic basal medium made from fermented worm manure, molasses,sugar, and or potatoes extracts. Twelve formulations were tested for their effectiveness to control the disease in thefield. The viability of the biocontrol agents in the formulations was monthly tested before and after fermentationprocess during storage. Population of the biocontrol agents, after fermentation for 3 weeks was increased from 105to 106-7 cfu/ml. Two months after fermentation the population of the biocontrol agents was still high (106-11 cfu/ml).The results showed that the formulation of vermicompost + sugar + B. subtilis + P. fluorescens + Corynebacteriumat the concentration level of 0.3%, was proven to be the best treatment. The treatment was effective to supress whiterust up to 38.49%, and could also increase the yield of marketable chrysanthemum flowers up to 14.58%.

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