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INDONESIA
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1410959x     EISSN : 25280791     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian (JPPTP) adalah media ilmiah penyebaran hasil penelitian/pengkajian inovasi pertanian untuk menunjang pembangunan pertanian wilayah.Jurnal ini memuat hasil penelitian/pengkajian primer inovasi pertanian, khususnya yang bernuansa spesifik lokasi. Jurnal diterbitkan secara periodik tiga kali dalam satu tahun.
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Articles 634 Documents
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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN DAUN PUSINAT (Albizia lebbeckoides) TERHADAP KINETIKA RUMEN TERNAK KAMBING YANG DIBERI STANDING HAY RUMPUT KUME Kana Haul, Debora; Katipana, N.G.F; Abdullah, M.S
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 2 (2008): Juli 2008
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The influence of leaf PUSINAT (Albizia lebbeckoides)on rumen kinetic of goat with added the Standing Hay Sorghum timorense. Goat is one kind of livestock that plays an important role in the rural economical society in the villages of Timor supporting by the presence of low quality of natural grasses. Thus the combination of forage sources by adding the leaves of local growing plants, such as pusinat (Albizia lebbeckoides) is important. The aim of this experiment was to observe the influence of using pusinat leaf at different levels on the rumen kinetic performances of goat fed with the standing hay of kume native grass (Sorghum timorense). The experiment was conducted at the experimental station of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Nusa Cendana University in Kupang, Timor, Indonesia. The experiment was conducted from 18th of June to 18th of August 2006. Sixteen local goats with an average body weight of 9 kgs (ranging from 8 to 10 kgs) were used in the experiment arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of: standing hay of kume native grass (TO), TO + 25% pusinat leaf (TI), TO + 50% pusinat leaf (T2) and TO + 75% pusinat leaf (T3) of dry matter requirement. Kinetic parameters observed included: pH, concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) and microbial protein. The results of the experiment indicated that rumen pH was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the treatments, with an average value of 6.86. The concentrations of NH3, VFA and microbial protein were significantly (P<0.01) affected by the treatments. The highest values were obtained in T3 with mean values of 265.34 nM, 12.88 nM and 0.05977 mg/g of sample. It can be concluded that the increase level of pusinat leaf did not affect the rumen pH, but the production of microbial protein, as well as the concentration of VFA and NH3 were increased Key words: pusinat leaf rumen kinetic, goat, standing hay, sorghum timorense   Kambing adalah salah satu ternak yang cukup penting dalam perekonomian masyarakat pedesaan di pulau Timor dengan pakan utama rumput alam yang kualitasnya rendah. Penganekaragaman pakan perlu dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan tanaman pakan lokal seperti daun pusinat. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengamati tentang pemanfaatan daun pusinat terhadap kinetika rumen ternak kambing yang diberi pakan rumput alam kering (standing hay). Penelitian ini dilakukan di kandang percobaan Fapet Undana dari tanggal 18 Juni sampai dengan 18 Agustus 2006. Enam belas ekor ternak kambing dengan bobot badan rata-arat 9 kg (8-10 kg) telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari: standing hay rumput kume (TO), TO + 25% daun pusinat (T1), TO + 50% daun pusinat (T2) dan TO + 75% daun pusinat (T3) dari kebutuhan bahan kering. Parameter kinetika yang diukur adalah derajat keasaman (pH) rumen, produksi protein mikroba, serta konsentrasi VFA dan NH3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan (P>0,05) dengan nilai rata-rata 6,86. Konsentrasi VFA, NH3 dan protein mikroba rumen sangat nyata (P<0,01) dipengaruhi oleh perlalcuan, dengan nilai tertinggi diperoleh pada T3 masing-masing sebesar 265,34 nM, 12,88 nM, dan 0,05977 mg/g sampel. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan daun pusinat mempertahankan pH namun meningkatkan produksi protein mikroba, konsentrasi WA dan NH3. Kata kunci: Daun pusinat, kinetika rumen, kambing, standing hay, rumput kume
PENGKAJIAN POTENSI, KENDALA DAN PELUANG PENGEMBANGAN PALAWIJA DI PAPUA Malik, Afrizal; Limbongan, Jermia
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 3 (2008): November 2008
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In general the assessment aims to investigate the development potency, threat and opportunity of secondary crops especially of corn, soybeans and groundnut in Papua. In particular, the research is to study to what extent the existing technology can be applied by farmers and its probability to the future development. The assessment was conducted in 2006, covering two regions of secondary crops namely Jayapura and Keeroms regency. Data collection was conducted through a survey by involving 190 farmers of corn, soybeans and groundnut which were chosen by simple random design method. Qualitative and quantitative approach were used for data analyses and the results were: (1) The performance of farming systems of corn, soybeans and groundnut in Papua is relatively low due to the low technology adoption, (2) The potency for secondary crops development in Papua still growing up, based on economic, natural resource and conducive agro-climate. The use of such relatively small potency lead to a wide open of opportunity to increase productivity performance of secondary crops i.e. corn, soybeans and groundnut in Papua, (3) the constraint in developing secondary crops is not only caused by economic aspect of farmers but also by low ability and skill of farmers as well as insufficient number of agricultural manpower. To increase productivity and secondary crop products in Papua we need to establish steps to increase the land optimalisation, the introduction of cultivation technology, the improvement of agricultural extension worker and the initiation of micro financial institution growth to accommodate farmers need i.e. Agricultural Micro Financial Institute Key words: Secondary crops, potency, opportunity, threats, Papua   Pengkajian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi, kendala dan peluang pengembangan palawija di Papua. Secara khusus, mempelajari sejauhmana teknologi yang telah diterapkan petani saat ini dan kemungkinan pengembangannya ke depan. Pengkajian dilakukan pada bulan Juni-September 2006 di dua kabupaten sentra palawija yaitu Kabupaten Jayapura dan Keerom Provinsi Papua. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survai terhadap 190 petani jagung, kedelai dan kacang tanah yang terpilih secara acak sederhana sebagai responden. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan: (1) Kinerja usahatani palawija khususnya jagung, kedelai dan kacang tanah di Papua masih relatif rendah, karena penerapan teknologinya rendah. Kendalanya bermuara pada kemampuan modal petani yang lemah, (2) Potensi pengembangan palawija di Papua masih besar, baik ditinjau dan aspek ekonomi maupun ketersediaan sumberdaya alam dan dukungan agroklimat yang kondusif. Pemanfaatan potensi tersebut masih relatif kecil, sehingga terdapat peluang yang besar untuk meningkatkan kinerja produksi pertanian di wilayah ini khususnya jagung, kedelai dan kacang tanah, (3) Kendala pengembangan palawija selain faktor ekonomi, juga rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan petani dan kekurangan tenaga kerja pada saat diperlukan. Untuk lebih meningkatkan produktivitas dan produksi palawija di Papua diperlukan langkah peningkatan optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan potensial dan introduksi inovasi teknologi budidaya, peningkatan kinerja penyuluh pertanian dan inisiasi tumbuhnya kelembagaan jasa keuangan yang dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan petani, yaitu Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM) pertanian. Kata kunci: Palawija, potensi, peluang, kendala, Papua
ANALISIS USAHATANI MANGGA GEDONG (Mangifera indica spp) (Studi kasus di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat) Supriatna, Ade; Sudana, Wayan
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 3 (2008): November 2008
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Farm Analysis of Mango Gedong (Mangifera indica spp) (Case Study in Cirebon Districts, West Java). This study was conducted in Cirebon District, West Java for two months starting from October to November 2005. The objectives of the research were to analyze: (a) the characteristics of mango farmers, (b) the farming system of mango and (3) the economic feasibility of mango farms. This research was designed by using survey method; the primary data were collected from 50 mango farmers using the method of random sampling while the secondary data were collected from the Local Agriculture Office, the Central Bureau Statistics and the Research Institutions. The results showed that Gedong mango was harvested by farmer in two forms, namely Gedong Biasa and Gedong Gincu. The productivity of Mango was 2.025 kg/ha/year consisted of 1.215 kg of Gedong Biasa and 810 kg of Gedong Gincu. The farming of Gedong Mango was economically feasible giving the average net income of Rp.10,818,670,-/ha/year and benefit cost ratio was 3.44. There are two problems in mango production, firstly some farmers had insufficient capital and quite often get money from money lenders and secondly due to the high fluctuation of mango price which was difficult to predict. The collaboration pattern with agribusiness sectors should be arranged, farmers are expected to get a scheme of credit and good farming guidance and practices. While the agribusiness actors were expected will obtain not only higher quality of mango fruits but also will open an export market opportunity to develop the mango industry processing for product diversification. Key words: Mango, farm, West Java Mangga gedong merupakan komoditas potensial untuk diekspor karena memiliki aroma yang tajam, buahnya berwarna merah dan banyak mengandung serat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat selama dua bulan mulai bulan Oktober sampai dengan Nopember 2005. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis: (a) karakteristik petani mangga Gedong, (b) keragaan budidaya dan (c) kelayakan ekonomi usahatani mangga Gedong. Penelitian menggunakan metoda survei, data primer dikumpulkan dan 50 petani mangga gedong yang diambil secara acak sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, Badan Pusat Statistik dan Lembaga-Lembaga Penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa mangga Gedong dipanen oleh petani dalam dua bentuk, yaitu bentuk Gedong Biasa dan Gedong Gincu. Produktivitas mangga mencapai 2.025 kg/ha/tahun terdiri atas 1.215 kg Gedong Biasa dan 810 kg Gedong Gincu. Usahatani mangga Gedong layak secara ekonomi dengan rata-rata pendapatan bersih Rp.10.818.670,-/ha/tahun dan nilai B/C 3,44. Permasalahan produksi mangga di tingkat petani, yaitu sebagian petani bermodal lemah sehingga mereka sering terjerumus pada pelepas uang dan fluktuasi harga jual mangga cukup tinggi dan sulit diprediksi. Disarankan agar pola kemitraan dengan pelaku usaha agribisnis perlu dibangun, dimana petani diharapkan mendapat bimbingan cara budidaya yang baik dan mendapat bantuan credit. Sedangkan pelaku agribisnis diharapkan akan memperoleh produk mangga yang berkualitas, mendapat peluang pasar ekspor dan pengembangan industri pengolahan buah mangga untuk diversifikasi produk.Kata kunci: Mangga gedong, usahatani, Jawa Barat
KAMAN EFEKTIVITAS PUPUK NPK (15-15-6-4) PADA PADI DI LAHAN SAWAH IRIGASI KABUPATEN MALANG M. Saeri, Suwono dan Amik Krismawati Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Timur JL Raya Karangploso Km 4 Malang, Jawa Timur Saeri, M.; , Suwono; Krismawati, Amik
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 3 (2008): November 2008
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The Effective Assessment of NPK Fertilizer for Irrigated rice in Malang District. The suboptimal rice production on irrigated rice in Malang was due to the low fertilization efficiency. The objective of the single fertilizer and compound fertilizer application study on irrigated rice was to understand the fertilization efficiencies on irrigated rice. The on-farm experiment was conducted at Sekarpuro Village, Pakis District, Malang Regency in the first dry season (April — July 2007) and the types of soil was Regosol with sand loam texture. The design of the experiment was a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), with 13 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments to be tested were : T1 = without fertilizer, T2 = 300 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, T3 = 100 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha, T4 = 100 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, T5 = 100 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 200 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, T6 = 100 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 300 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, T7 = 200 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha, T8 = 200 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg SP-36/ha + 100 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha; T9 = 200 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, T10 = 200 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 300 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, T11 = 300 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 100 SP-36/ha + 75 kg KC1/ha, T12 = 200 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 200 kg NPK Phonska/ha. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and BNT. The results of combining macro inorganic fertilizers and alternative fertilizers showed that treatment (a) where 200 kg Urea combined with 100 kg ZA and 300 kg NPK (15-15-6-4) provided Cibogo dried grains yield with 6.28 t/ha with RC 3.17, thus increasing farmers income to Rp.14,130,000, giving a profit of Rp.9,677,050, with treatment (b) where 200 kg of Urea combined with 100 kg ZA and 200 kg NPK Phonska provided Cibogo dried grains yield with as much as 6,05 t/ha with R/C 3.22 thus increasing farmers income to Rp.13,612,500, giving a profit of Rp.9,380,700. From economical point of view by combining fertilizers gave the economic advantage with higher revenue cost ratio and profit compared to single fertilization system Key words alternative fettilizer, macro anorganic fertilizer, rice, rainfed rice Belum optimalnya produktivitas padi di lahan sawah, antara lain disebabkan oleh rendahnya efisiensi pemupukan. Kajian pemupukan alternatif pada padi sawah dilaksanakan di Desa Sekarpuro, Kecamatan Pakis, Kabupaten Malang di Musim Kemarau I (April - Juli) tahun 2007, termasuk jenis tanah Regosol dengan tekstur tanah lempung berpasir. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 12 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dikaji adalah (1). Tanpa pemupukan, T1 = tanpa pupuk, T2 = 300 kg NPK(15-15-6-4)/ha, T3 = 100 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha, T4 = 100 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, T5 = 100 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 200 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, T6 = 100 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 300 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, T7 = 200 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha, T8 = 200 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg SP-36/ha + 100 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha; T9 = 200 kg Urea.ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, T10 = 200 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 300 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, T11 = 300 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 100 SP-36/ha + 75 kg KC1/ha, T12 = 200 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 200 kg NPK Phonska/ha. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT.Hasil pengkajian penggunaan pupuk makro anorganik yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk alternatif menunjukkan bahwa (a). 200 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 300 kg NPK (15-15-6-4)/ha, memberikan hasil gabah kering giling (GKG) varietas Cibogo sebesar 6,28 t/ha dengan R/C 3,17 dan memberikan penerimaan usahatani sebesar Rp.14.130.000,- keuntungan sebesar Rp.9.677.050,- dan (b). 200 kg Urea/ha + 100 kg ZA/ha + 200 kg NPK Phonska/ha memberikan hasil gabah kering giling (GKG) varietas Cibogo sebesar 6,05 t/ha dengan R/C 3,22 dan memberikan penerimaan sebesar Rp.13.612.500,- serta keuntungan sebesar Rp. 9.380.700,-. Kata kunci : pupuk altematif, pupuk makro anorganik, padi, lahan sawah irigasi
PENINGKATAN MUTU DAN DAYA SIMPAN PASTA TOMAT DENGAN CARA BLANSING Dewayani, Wanti; Darmawidah, Andi
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 3 (2008): November 2008
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The Increasing the Quality and Storage Period of Tomato Paste with Blanching Method. Up to the moment, the need of food industry for tomato paste is fulfilled by imported products. Processing raw tomato into tomato paste is one technique that will decrease the import dependency and increase the value added of the tomatoes. The aim of this research was to identify the quality of tomato paste by blanching treatments and the length of storage period. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was blanching treatments before the tomato is processed into tomato paste through four treatments; a) without blanching b) blanching within10 minutes, c) blanching within 20 minutes, and d) blanching within 30 minutes. The second factor was storage period which is divided into four periods i.e. 0, 1, 2 and 3 months. Parameter of quality which was observed was chemical quality (Vitamin C, sugar content, TPT and total acid) and organoleptic characteristics (color, texture, flavor and fondness). The result showed that oval variety can be processed into tomato paste and can be kept for a long time as recommended. However, the best tomato paste was obtained when blanched for 20 minutes and can be stored for 3 months. This tomato paste contained vitamin C 6.075 mg/100 g, sugar level 0.0085% and total acid 0.55%, total soluble solution 27°Brix, in red bright color 80%, aromatic and normal taste and be fond of. Based on fmancial analysis it was known that the farmers can process 200 kg fresh tomatoes into 100 kg tomato paste with profit rate amounting to Rp.1,860,000 with an R/C2.6. Key words: Blanching, processing, storage, tomato paste Selama ini kebutuhan industri pangan di Indonesia akan pasta tomat dipenuhi dari impor. Pengolahan tomat menjadi pasta akan memberi nilai tambah dan mengurangi ketergantungan impor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mutu pasta tomat yang dihasilkan dan perlakuan blansing dan lama simpan. Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan blansing sebelum diolah menjadi saus tomat (4 taraf) yaitu tanpa blansing, blansing selama 10 menit, blansing 20 menit dan blansing 30 menit. Faktor kedua adalah perlakuan lama penyimpanan (4 taraf) yaitu 0, 1, 2 dan 3 bulan. Parameter mutu yang diamati adalah mutu kimia (vitamin C, kadar gula, TPT dan total asam) dan organoleptik (warna, tekstur, aroma, rasa dan kegemaran). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Oval dapat dibuat pasta dengan perlakuan blansing dan dapat disimpan lama sesuai dengan spesifikasi produk pasta tomat yang dipersyaratkan. Pasta tomat yang terbaik adalah yang diblansing 20 menit dan dapat disimpan 3 bulan. Pasta tomat tersebut mempunyai kandungan vitamin C 6,075 mg/100 g contoh, kadar gula 0,0085 %, total asam 0,55%, TPT 27 °Brix, wawa merah cerah 80%, aroma dan rasa normal serta digemari. Berdasarkan hasil analisis fmansial diketahui bahwa kelompok wanita tani dapat mengolah 200 kg tomat segar menjadi 100 kg pasta tomat dengan keuntungan sebesar Rp.1.860.000 dengan nilai R/C 2,6. Kata kunci : Blansing, penyimpanan, pasta tomat, pengolahan
KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN PUPUK KANDANG PADA DUA VARIETAS KEDELAI ADAPTIF DI LAHAN SULFAT MASAM Sabran, M.; , Koesrini; , Susilawati
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 3 (2008): November 2008
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Assessment of Soil Manure Applied on Two Varieties Soybean in Acid Sulphate Soils. One factor that cause low productivity of soybean in acid sulphate soils of tidal swamp land is the high acidity of such soils. Effort that could be taken to increase soybean productivity in tidal swamp land are the use of adaptive varieties and soil amelioration. The main objective of this assessment is to determine the effect of soil amelioration, especially the use of soil manure, on soybean yield and the economics feasibility of its application. An experiment have been conducted on acid sulphate soils of tidal swamp land at Bungai Jaya village, Basarang subdistrict, Kapuas district of Central Kalimantan province in rainy season of 2003/2004. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with four replication. The main plot treatments were two adaptive varieties of soybean, i.e. Lawit and Menyapa; while the subplot treatments were three rates of soil manure application, i.e. 0, 3 t/ha and 6 t/ha. The result of the experiment indicated that application of soil manure up to 3 t/ha increase the yield; whilst further increase of soil manure application rate did not significantly increase soybean yield. The recommended technology, i.e., the use soil manure 3 t/ha, lime 2 t/ha and the Lawit variety give net income to farmer Rp.2.325.000,-, R/C=1,69, and MBCR=3.0. Key words: Soybean, acid sulphate soils, soil manure Salah satu sebab rendahnya produktivitas kedelai di lahan pasang surut adalah tingginya tingkat kemasaman tanah. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kedelai di lahan pasang surut adalah dengan ameliorasi lahan dan penggunaan varietas adaptif. Tujuan utama pengkajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bahan amelioran, khususnya pupuk kandang, terhadap hasil kedelai dan kelayakan penerapannya secara ekonomis. Percobaan telah dilaksanakan di lahan pasang surut bertanah sulfat masam di desa Bungai Jaya, kecamatan Basarang, kabupaten Kapuas, Kalimantan Tengah pada MH 2003/2004. Rancangan petak terbagi dengan 4 ulangan digunakan untuk menata perlakuan. Sebagai perlakuan petak utama adalah dua varietas kedelai yang adaptif di lahan sulfat masam yaitu Lawit dan Menyapa; sedangkan sebagai perlakuan anak petak adalah dosis pupuk kandang, yaitu 0,3t/ha dan 6 t/ha. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang sebesar 3 t/ha meningkatkan hasil kedelai, meskipun penambahan pupuk kandang menjadi 6 t/ha tidak lagi meningkatkan hasil kedelai. Teknologi yang direkomendasikan yaitu peggunaan pupuk kandang 3 t/ha dan kapur 2 t/ha serta varietas Lawit, memberikan pendapatan bersih Rp.2.325.000,-, R/C=1,69, dan MBCR=3,0.Kata kunci: Kedelai, lahan sulfat masam, pupuk kandang
PERANAN LUMBUNG PANGAN DAN PENGGILINGAN PADI DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBIAYAAN USAHATANI DI SUMATERA SELATAN Hutapea, Yanter; , Hermanto
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 3 (2008): November 2008
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The Role of Rice Barn and Rice Milling Unit to Support farming Finance in South Sumatera. The aimed of this assessment was to know: 1) The performance of rice barn and rice milling unit (RMU) to serve farmer 2) the farmers accessibility to rice barn and RMU. Survey was conducted from March to May 2006 in 8 regencies (OKI, OKU Timur, OKU Selatan, Muara Enim, Lahat, Musi Rawas, Musi Banyuasin dan Banyuasin). Data were collected by interviewing 19 members of rice barn, 25 customers of RMU, 14 rice barn leaders and 21 RMU owners. The result of this assessment showed that the scarcity of capital faced by the farmer household generally in order to develop their farming. The financial institute such as rice barn and RMU in rural areas could be accessed by the farmer to get the operational cost of farming. The average of cash money of rice barn and RMU with magnitude of Rp.25.329.880 dan Rp.46.483.300, respectively. The amount of rice barn have credits and debts with magnitude of 35,71% and 14,28% respectively. Meanwhile, RMU have credits and debts with magnitude of 38,09% and 9,52% respectively. Many of Rice barn and RMU have post-harvest and ploughing facilities, input production supply, besides lending the money that used for production cost. The owner of RMU appear to help farmer easily, nevertheless many of them were not able to fulfill the farmer needs. Rice barn institutes developed by government was not available yet to lend the financial capital for the farmer. Key words : Rice barn, rice milling unit, farmer accessibilityPengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) keragaan lembaga lumbung pangan dan penggilingan padi dalam melayani kebutuhan petani 2) aksesibilitas petani terhadap lembaga lumbung pangan dan penggilingan padi. Survei dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2006 di 8 kabupaten (OKI, OKU Timur, OKU Selatan, Muara Enim, Lahat, Musi Rawas, Musi Banyuasin dan Banyuasin). Data dikumpulkan dengan mewawancarai 19 orang petani anggota lumbung pangan, 25 orang petani pelanggan penggilingan padi, 14 orang pengelola lumbung pangan dan 21 orang pemilik penggilingan padi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rumah tangga petani umumnya mengalami masalah keterbatasan modal dalam mengembangkan usahataninya. Lumbung pangan dan penggilingan padi merupakan lembaga ekonomi di perdesaan yang diakses petani untuk mendapatkan modal. Modal tunai rata-rata pada lembaga lumbung pangan dan penggilingan masing-masing sebesar Rp.25.329.880 dan Rp.46.483.300. Sebanyak 35,71% lumbung memiliki piutang dan 14,28% memiliki hutang. Sedangkan penggilingan padi, sebanyak 38,09% memiliki piutang dan 9,52% memiliki hutang. Beberapa di antara lumbung dan pengilingan padi juga memiliki fasilitas untuk pengeringan gabah, pengolahan lahan dan penyediaan sarana produksi selain menyediakan modal untuk biaya produksi usahatani. Pemilik penggilingan padi sering tampil sebagai penolong dengan kemudahan yang diberikannya, meskipun belum semuanya mampu melayani kebutuhan petani. Lumbung pangan sebagai lembaga ekonomi yang dibentuk pemerintah belum mampu berperan penuh dalam melayani kebutuhan petani.Kata kunci: Lumbung pangan, penggilingan padi, aksesibilitas petani
STUDI PERTUMBUHAN BEBERAPA ISOLAT JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus spp.) PADA BERBAGAI MEDIA BERLIGNIN , Achmad; Nina Herliyana, Elis; , Wartaka
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 3 (2008): November 2008
Publisher : Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

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The Growth Study of Some Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) Isolates on Some Ligneous Media. Research to study the growth of some pleurotus isolates on some ligneous media were conducted at Forest Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry and Biological Science Study Center, Bogor Agricultural University in September 2004 to March 2005. Substances which used were Pleurotus sp.l, Pleurotus sp.6, and Pleurotus sp.8 from Forest Pathology laboratory collection, PDA, MEA, MPA, some natural lignin source to be added to the commercial media. Optimum media for Pleurotus sp.1 is PDA, MEA + bamboo apus dust, and Glenn and Gold modification + sengon wood dust. Pleurotus sp.6 grow best at MPA, MEA + paddy straw dust, and Glenn and Gold modification + paddy straw dust. Optimum media for Pleurotus sp.8 is MPA, MBA + paddy straw dust added media, MEA + paddy hay dust, and Glenn and Gold modification + sengon wood dust. The difference of colony growth is caused by isolate and nutrition of each growth media. Pleurotus sp.6 and Pleurotus sp.8 known produce lyses zone at media which contain lignin source. Lyses zone caused by existence of extrasellular enzyme which secreted by mushroom hype to degrade lignin. All mycellium dry weight of Pleurotus spp. isolat that is given wobble is higher than dont given. Mycellium dry weight from high to low showed by Pleurotus sp.8, Pleurotus sp.6 and Pleurotus sp.l. The difference of colony growth caused by isolat and nutrition of each growth media. Lysis zone at media with lignin source caused by extracellular enzyme activity to degradate lignin source as their nutrition. The difference of mycellium dry weight at both treatment is caused by the response to oxygen in the liquid media. Key words: Pleurotus spp, PDA, MEA, MPA, bamboo dust, sengon wood dust, Glenn & Gold, modification. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pertumbuhan koloni beberapa isolat jamur tiram (Pleurotus spp.) yang dikulturkan pada berbagai media dengan sumber lignin alami, dilakukan dan bulan September 2004 sampai Maret 2005, bertempat di Laboratorium Penyakit Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Biokimia, Pusat Studi Ilmu Hayat, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bahan yang digunakan adalah Pleurotus sp.1, Pleurotus sp.6, dan Pleurotus sp.8, MEA, MPA, PDA, dan beberapa macam sumber lignin alami yang ditambahkan pada tiga media komersial tersebut. Pleurotus sp.l tumbuh terbaik pada media PDA, MEA + serbuk kayu sengon, serta media modifikasi Glenn dan Gold + serbuk bambu apus. Pleurotus sp.6 tumbuh terbaik pada media MPA, MEA + serbuk jerami padi, serta media modifikasi Glenn dan Gold + serbuk jerami padi. Isolat Pleurotus sp.8 tumbuh terbaik pada media MPA, MEA + serbuk kayu sengon, serta media modifikasi Glenn dan Gold + serbuk jerami padi. Pleurotus sp.6 dan Pleurotus sp.8 menghasilkan zona lisis berbentuk lingkaran coklat kekuningan pada media yang ditambah sumber lignin alami. Bobot kering miselia Pleurotus spp. pada media malt ekstrak cair yang ditambah serbuk jerami padi atau serbuk kayu sengon dengan diberi penggoyangan, lebih tinggi dibanding dengan Pleurotus spp. pada media yang sama tanpa diberi penggoyangan. Bobot kering miselia tertinggi sampai terendah berturut-turut ditunjukkan oleh Pleurotus sp.8, Pleurotus sp.6, dan Pleurotus sp.1 . Kata kunci: Pleurotus spp, PDA, MEA, MPA, serbuk bambu, serbuk kayu sengon, modifikasi Glenn dan Gold
PENERAPAN MODEL PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN DAN SUMBERDAYA TERPADU PADI SAWAH IRIGASI DI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG Nurbaeti, Bebet; Lia Mulijanti, Siti; Fahmi, Taemi
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 11, No 3 (2008): November 2008
Publisher : Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

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management by using straw or other organic matter as well as thresher machine, and 4) the development of strategy or the socialization of ICRM is done by conducting plot demonstration units in the field by extension workers in collaboration with local government Key words: Integrated crop management, The implementation of Integrated Crop and Resource Management (ICM) on Paddy in Sumedang District. Synergizes some technology components in ICM can increase yield and production input efficiency as well as to control environmental conservation. The assessment of ICM application on paddy was conducted at 2 places i.e. Cibeureum Wetan and Cibeureum Kulon villages, Cimalaka Sub District, Sumedang District during dry season 2007. In each village there were 20 farmers covering 7.5 ha areas of land. The ICM components consists of: 1) the use of modem and high yielding varieties, 2) the use of certified seeds, 3) the use of balanced nutrient on specific site, 4) the use of organic fertilization, 5) the arrangement of Legowo or Tegel planting system, 6) the planting of young seed (10-17 das) with 1-3 seedlings per hill, 7) the water management, 8) the integrated pest management, and 9) the use of thresher machine. The objectives of this assessment were to study the performance of ICM components, the improvement chance in the field level, the adoption level of users, and the development of strategy. The results showed that: 1) some farmers have not fully implemented the ICM components due to the uncertainty of new ICM technology components, especially the legowo planting system, 2) the implementation of ICM was able to increase yield to15% and production input efficiency by 35­45% (using of seedling) and by 30-66% (using of fertilizer), 3) the implementation chance of ICM at farmer level can be increased through the improvement of water adoption, efficiency Pengelolaan Tanaman dan Sumberdaya Terpadu (PTT) padi sawah merupakan strategi pengelolaan tanaman padi yang mensinergiskan berbagai komponen teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan hasil dan efisiensi masukan produksi serta menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Pengkajian penerapan model PTT padi sawah telah dilaksanakan di tiga kelompoktani masing-masing di Desa Cibeureum Wetan dan Cibeureum Kulon, Kecamatan Cimalaka Kabupaten Sumedang, pada MK I dan MK II tahun 2007 dengan jumlah petani peserta masing­masing 20 orang dengan luas areal penanaman 7,5 ha. Komponen PTT yang dikaji mencakup: 1) penggunaan varietas unggul barn berdaya hasil tinggi, 2) penggunaan benih bersertifikat, 3) penggunaan pupuk berimbang spesifik lokasi, 4) penggunaan bahan organik, 5) pengaturan tanam legowo atau tegel, 6) penanaman bibit muda (10-17 hss) dengan 1-3 bibit per lubang, 7) pengaturan pengairan, 8) pengendalian OPT secara terpadu, dan 9) penggunaan alat perontok gabah mekanis (mesin). Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja komponen teknologi, peluang perbaikan penerapan ditingkat lapangan, tingkat adopsi oleh pengguna serta strategi pengembangannya. Hasil yang dicapai adalah: 1) sebagian petani belum sepenuhnya melaksanakan PTT sesuai dengan anjuran yang disebabkan petani masih ragu untuk menerima teknologi barn, terutama dalam cara tanam legowo, 2) penerapan PTT yang dilakukan sesuai anjuran dapat meningkatkan hasil panen (GKP) 15 % dan efisiensi masukan produksi terutama dalam penggunaan benih dan pupuk masing-masing 35-40% dan 30­66% bila dibandingkan dengan teknologi petani, 3) peluang penerapan ditingkat pengguna dapat ditingkatkan melalui perbaikan aspek teknologi pengaturan air, penggunaan jerami padi atau bahan organik lain dan penggunaan alat perontok gabah, dan 4) strategi pengembangan atau pemasyarakatan model PTT tersebut adalah dengan melaksanakan unit-unit percontohan di wilayah kerja Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan (PPL) bekerjasama dengan pemerintah daerah setempat. Kata kunci: Pengelolaan tanaman dan sumberdaya terpadu, adopsi, dan efisiensi
KAJIAN PENGENDALIAN TERPADU LALAT BUAH, Bactrocera dorsalis, PADA TANAMAN MANGGA: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan Asaad, Muh.; , Warda; Aidar, Gusti
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 10, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
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South Sulawesi is one of the mango development areas, however its productivity is still 38.26 kg/tree. One cause of this low productivity is due to the high damage of fruit fly. By applying a control method it is hoped that the intensity damage caused by fruit fly can be decreased by integrating several available control methods through integrated pest management (IPM) approach. The assessment of fruit fly was conducted at Pattopakang and Cikoang Village, Takalar district from July to December 2004 by applying two treatments i.e. (1) IPM approach and (2) non IPM approach (controlling method used by farmers. The results indicated that the number of adult fruit flies that captured by attractant trap from August to November 2004 were 480 adults, 216 adults, 178 adults and 1001 adults per month, respectively. The damage percentage of fruit (drop fruits) on IPM and non-IPM approach was 0.59% and 9.34% respectively. The yield on IPM and non-IPM approach was 16.98 kg/tree and 12.12 kg/tree, respectively. The income obtained on IPM approach amounted to Rp.2.550.000,- per ha (R/C 4.48), while that on non-IPM approach amounted to Rp.1.820.000,- per ha (R/C 4.36). The majority of farmers•(90%) had recognized well fruit flies and the damage they caused on mangoes. However, some of the farmers (60%) faced difficulty in obtaining methyl-eugenol. In brief, the IPM treatment approach can decrease the damage percentage of mangoes caused by fruit fly Key words: control, fruit fly, integrated, mango Sulawesi Selatan merupakan salah satu daerah pengembangan mangga, namun tingkat produktivitasnya baru mencapai 38,26 kg/pohon. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah tingginya kerusakan lalat buah. Metode pengendalian diharapkan dapat mengurangi intensitas serangan akibat lalat buah adalah penggabungan beberapa metode pengendalian yang tersedia melalui pendekatan pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT). Kajian pengendalian lalat buah dilakukan di Desa Pattopakang dan Cikoang, kabupaten Takalar dari bulan Juli sampai Desember 2004 dengan menggunakan dua perlakuan yaitu 1) Pengendalian terpadu dan (2) Pengendalian cara petani. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa jumlah lalat buah dewasa yang tertangkap dengan perangkap atraktan dari bulan Agustus sampai November masing-masing 480 ekor, 216 ekor, 178 ekor dan 1001 ekor. Persentase kerusakan buah mangga pada perlakuan PHT dan non-PHT masing-masing 0,59% dan 9,34%. Hasil mangga pada perlakuan PHT dan non-PHT masing-masing 16,98 kg/phn dan 12,12 kg/phn. Pendapatan yang diterima petani dengan perlakuan PHT sebesar Rp. 2,550,000 per ha (R/C 4,48), sementara pada perlakuan non-PHT sebesar Rp.1,820,000 per ha (R/C 4,36). Umumnya petani (90%) telah mengenal cukup baik hama lalat buah dan kerusakan yang ditimbulkannya. Namun sebagian besar petani (60%) mengalami kesulitan dalam memperoleh metyl-eugenol. Pengendalian dengan metode PHT menekan tingkat kerusakan buah mangga akibat serangan lalat buah. Kata kunci: pengendalian, lalat buah, terpadu, mangga

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