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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 23561297     EISSN : 25287222     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (JTIDP) published by Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research from area of agricultural science on industrial and beverage crops.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 407 Documents
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Pemanfaatan Agens Hayati Endofit untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Kuning pada Tanaman Lada Rita Harni; Abdul Munif
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2012.p201-206

Abstract

Penyakit kuning merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman lada di Indonesia. Kerugian akibat serangan penyakit kuning dapat menurunkan produksi sampai 32%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan agens hayati dari kelompok bakteri dan jamur endofit untuk mengendalikan penyakit kuning yang disebabkan oleh Meloidogyne incognita, Radopholus similis pada tanaman lada. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun lada petani di daerah Petaling, Bangka. Bakteri endofit yang digunakan merupakan isolat endofit yang diisolasi dari akar tanaman lada dan beberapa isolat bakteri dan jamur endofit koleksi yang potensinya telah diuji. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) 7 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Tanaman lada percobaan berumur 15 bulan diperlakukan dengan isolat endofit (MER7, AA2, ANIC, TT2, dan TRI) dan nematisida karbofuran digunakan sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan agens hayati endofit dapat menekan kejadian penyakit kuning dan populasi nematoda di dalam akar.  Selain itu perlakuan agens hayati endofit dapat meningkatkan jumlah bunga per ruas dan bobot basah lada pada panen I. Isolat yang paling potensial adalah ANIC dan TRI (Trichoderma), yang keefektifannya sama dengan nematisida kimia karbofuran.  The Use of Endophytic Biological Agents to Control of Yellow Disease in Black PepperABSTRACT There are increasingly efforts to control the yellow disease in black pepper through application of biological agents endophytic along with the dangers of pesticide uses and awareness of environmentally friendly agriculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of endophytic biological agents (bacteria and fungi) on the disease caused by nematodes of M. incognita and R. smilis. The study was conducted on the farmer garden located at Petaling, Bangka. A randomized complete block design with 7 treatments and 5 replications was used in this study.  The black peppers were treated with endophytic isolates (MER7, AA2, ANIC, TT2, TRI) and carbofuran, chemical nematicide, as control (not treated). The endophytic agents used in this study were isolated from roots of black pepper and some selected endophytic collections. The results showed that some endophytic agents were able to suppress the incidence of yellow disease and nematode populations in the roots, and increase in the number of flowers and fresh weight of  black pepper berry. The promising isolates being able to control the disease are ANIC and TRI (Trichoderma) on which their effectiveness are similar to the carbofuran.
Keefektifan Minyak Cengkeh, Serai Wangi, dan Ekstrak Bawang Putih terhadap Penyakit Vascular Streak Dieback (Ceratobasidium theobromae) Pada Kakao Rita Harni; Baharuddin Baharuddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 3 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n3.2014.p167-174

Abstract

Ceratobasidium theobromae merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit vascular streak dieback (VSD) pada tanaman kakao, dapat menurunkan produksi bahkan kematian tanaman. Penyakit ini sulit dikendalikan karena berada dalam jaringan pembuluh. Penelitian bertujuan menguji keefektifan minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi serta ekstrak bawang putih terhadap C. theobromae penyebab penyakit VSD. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada perkebunan kakao rakyat hasil sambung samping berumur 2 tahun yang terserang penyakit VSD di Desa Andomesinggo, Kecamatan Besulutu, Kabupaten Konawe, Sulawesi Tenggara dari bulan April sampai Desember 2013. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok (RAK) 6 perlakuan dengan 6 ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan diamati 15 tanaman. Perlakuannya adalah minyak cengkeh, serai wangi, cengkeh + serai wangi, ekstrak bawang putih, fungisida kimia ditiokarbamat (sebagai pembanding) dan kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Ekstrak dan minyak diaplikasikan setiap bulan dengan konsentrasi 5 ml/l, dengan cara menyemprotkan suspensi ke seluruh bagian tanaman (250 ml/pohon). Pengamatan gejala serangan, perkembangan penyakit, persentase dan intensitas serangan dilakukan setiap bulan, sedangkan tingkat keefektifan fungisida nabati dihitung pada akhir pengamatan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan minyak cengkeh, serai wangi, dan bawang putih dapat menurunkan persentase dan intensitas serangan penyakit VSD pada tanaman kakao. Persentase penurunan intensitas serangan terbesar dan nyata diperoleh pada perlakuan minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi, masing-masing 38,6% dan 31,6% dan keduanya potensial digunakan sebagai fungisida nabati untuk mengendalikan penyakit VSD.Kata kunci: Kakao, VSD, minyak cengkeh, minyak serai wangi, ekstrak bawang putihVascular streak dieback disease caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae is a major disease that causes yield loss and even kill a mature cocoa tree. This disease is difficult to control due to located inside the vascular tissue. The objective of this research was to study the antifungal activity of clove oil, citronella oil and garlic extract against C. theobromae causing VSD disease. The research was carried out at cocoa plantations which derived from side grafting and attacked by VSD disease in Andomesinggo Village, Besulutu District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, from April to December 2013. The design used in this study was a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 6 replications, each treatment consisted of 15 plants. The treatments used were clove oil, citronella, clove + citronella, garlic extract, chemical fungicide (as a comparison) and control (without treatment). The extracts and oil applied every month at a concentration of 5 ml/l, by spraying the suspension onto all parts of the plant (250 ml/tree). Observation of attack symptoms, progression of the disease, the percentage and intensity of the attacks were carried out every month, whereas the level of effectiveness of botanical fungicides is calculated at the end of experiment. The results showed that clove oil, citronella and garlic extract can reduce the percentage and intensity of VSD disease attacks on cocoa plant. The highest percentage of the reduction of disease intensity were obtained in the use of clove oil and citronella at about 38.6% and 31.6% respectively, and both of them are potential to be used as botanical fungicide to control VSD disease.
Preferensi Petani terhadap Adopsi Teknologi Lada Hibrida Tahan Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang ( BPB ) Dewi Listyati; Abdul Muis Hasibuan; Rudi T Setiyono
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2012.p125-134

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen utama lada dunia dan komoditas ini telah dijadikan sebagai salah satu andalan ekspor dari subsektor perkebunan. Akhir-akhir ini  produktivitas lada terus mengalami penurunan yang salah satu penyebab utamanya adalah akibat serangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang. Oleh karena itu, inovasi teknologi lada hibrida tahan penyakit busuk pangkal batang diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis preferensi petani untuk mengadopsi lada hibrida tahan penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Lampung Utara pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2010. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan model persamaan struktural. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden sangat tertarik untuk mengadopsi lada hibrida tahan BPB karena diharapkan lebih menguntungkan dan belum ada varietas lada yang tahan terhadap serangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang. Faktor kelembagaan yang diindikasikan oleh peran kelompok tani dalam mengadvokasi anggotanya untuk mengadopsi lada hibrida tahan BPB serta bantuan pemerintah untuk mengembangkan lada hibrida tahan BPB merupakan faktor kunci yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peluang adopsi lada hibrida tahan BPB oleh petani. Farmer Preference of Technology Adoption of Hybrid Pepper That Resistant to Foot Rot DiseaseABSTRACT Indonesia is one of black pepper main producing countries in the world. The commodity has become the main export commodity from estate crops subsector for the country. Recently, there is however a trend of declining in its productivity, because of pest and disease attack, especially foot-rot disease. An innovation of hybrid blcak pepper that has resistant to foot-rot disease is expected to become a solution to rising productivity of the crop. This research aimed to analyze farmers’ preference to adopt hybrid black pepper that has resistant to foot-rot disease. This research was conducted at North Lampung District, form July-October 2010. The analysis used was descriptive method and structural equation model. Analysis showed that most of farmers were interested in adoption of hybrid black pepper that has highly resistant to foot-rot disease since there is no black pepper variety that has been released having resistant to the disease. Institutional factors are indicated by farmer group activities in advocating their members to adopt hybrid blcak pepper, and governmental assistances to develop it are key factors that have a significant effect in adoption of the technology for farmers.
Pengaruh Umur Batang Bawah Terhadap Persentase Keberhasilan Okulasi Hijau pada Tiga Klon Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Agr.) Nana Heryana; Saefudin Saefudin; Iing Sobari
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n2.2014.p95-100

Abstract

Perbanyakan karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Agr.) dengan okulasi cokelat membutuhkan waktu yang lama dalam pembibitannya, sedangkan perbanyakan dengan okulasi hijau belum banyak dilakukan karena tingkat keberhasilan masih sangat rendah. Salah satu faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan okulasi hijau adalah umur bibit batang bawah. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan umur batang bawah terhadap persentase keberhasilan okulasi hijau pada tiga klon karet. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan (KP.) Pakuwon, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar pada bulan Januari-Desember 2013. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi, tiga ulangan dan ukuran petak 25 pohon. Petak utama adalah jenis klon batang bawah, terdiri dari 3 klon, yaitu K1 = AVROS 2037, K2 = PB 260, dan K3 = GT 1. Anak petak adalah umur batang bawah terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu U1 = 4 bulan, U2 = 5 bulan, U3 = 6 bulan, U4 = 7 bulan. Okulasi dilakukan dengan cara membuka kulit batang bawah, kemudian entres dimasukkan ke dalam jendela sayatan hasil pembukaan. Pengikatan sambungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan plastik khusus dengan cara dililitkan dari bawah ke atas. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase keberhasilan okulasi hijau pada umur tiga minggu setelah okulasi (MSO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan okulasi hijau pada tanaman karet dipengaruhi oleh umur batang bawah. Untuk Klon PB 260 dan GT 1, makin tua umur batang bawah sampai maksimum 7 bulan di polybag maka semakin meningkat persentase keberhasilan okulasi, sedangkan pada klon AVROS 2037 belum memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata.Kata kunci: Hevea brasiliensis, umur batang bawah, klon, keberhasilan okulasi hijauPropagation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Agr.) using brown budding need a long time in the nursery, whereas the propagation usinggreen Budding has not yet been done due to the success rate is still very low. One of the factorthat might influence the successfulness of green budding is rootstock age.. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different age of rootstock on the percentage of green budding success in three rubber clones. The experiment was conducted at the Pakuwon experimental station (ES), Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, from January-December 2013. The research was done using split plot design with three replications, and the plot size is 25 trees. The main plot was the type of clones used for rootstock that comprised of 3 clones: K1 = AVROS 2037, K2 = PB 260, and K3 = GT 1. Meanwhile, the subplots were rootstock age consists of 4 levels, namely: U1 = 4 months, U2 = 5 months, U3 = 6 months, U4 = 7 months. Observations were made on the percentage of green budding success at 3 weeks old after grafting . The results showed that the success of the green budding on the rubber plants is influenced by the age of rootstock. The use of rootstock up to 7 months old in polybag in PB 260 dan GT 1 clones would increase the percentage of grafting success, whereas AVROS 2037 clone did not show any significant different. 
INOVASI TEKNOLOGI PERBAIKAN BAHAN TANAM KAKAO DI INDONESIA Rubiyo Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 3 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n3.2013.p199-214

Abstract

Cacao is a main crops commodity in Indonesia. It is one of the source of national income, providing employment opportunities, also as land and water conservation. Most cacao cultivation are in small holders, which reached 93% in 2010 with productivity rate of 750 kg of dried beans/ha/year. The low productivity is due to low quality of plant materials, pest and disease attack, and unstandarized cultivation technology. Available superior varieties and cacao clones which commonly in use today are fine cocoa and bulk cocoa. Both have high production potentials, ranging from 1.5-2 tonnes/ha/year, but susceptive to pest and disease attack. To increase productivity and yield quality of cacao requires superior variety that is resistant to biotic stress, either F1 hybrid or clonal. The assembling of cacao varieties and clones can be done through conventional and inconventional methods. Inconventional approach using molecular technology can shorten the selection cycle of cacao plants.
Analisis Kekerabatan Genetik Kultivar Kopi Arabika Berbuah Kuning dan Berbuah Merah Berdasarkan Marka SSR Nur Kholilatul Izzah; Enny Randriani; Dani Dani
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 3 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n3.2015.p113-122

Abstract

Yellow berry of Arabica coffee (AGK-1) cultivated in Garut is a local cultivar that potentially could be released as a superior variety. However, its genetic background has not been studied. Information of genetic background is one of the requirement in releasing of a new variety. The objective of this research was to analyze the genetic relationships of AGK-1 cultivar with 11 red berries Arabica coffee cultivars based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers to find polymorphisms and clustering. The research was carried out at the Molecular Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute and Biology Molecular Laboratory of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, from January to March 2015. These twelve Arabica coffee cultivars were obtained from Garut Regency. A total of 12 SSR primers were used to investigate the genetic relationships of the plant. The result showed that 12 SSR markers were adequate to identify the relationships among 12 Arabica coffee cultivars. The genetic clustering obtained in this study is related to plant morphology, particularly plant growth characters, such as tall, semi dwarf and dwarf. AGK-1 cultivar genetically related to ABP-2, one of red berries cultivars that originated from Brazil. Both of these cultivars have the same growing type characters (i.e. semi dwarf). AGK-1 cultivar that has yellow berry color presumably derived from an open pollinated red berries parents, mainly ABP-2 cultivar. Therefore, AGK-1 is a unique cultivar that could be released as a local superior variety.
Peningkatan Produksi dan Pengembangan Kakao ( Theobroma cacao L. ) di Indonesia Rubiyo Rubiyo; Siswanto Siswanto
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2012.p33-48

Abstract

Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara pengekspor biji kakao terpenting di dunia. Tahun 2010 Indonesia menduduki posisi sebagai pengekspor biji kakao terbesar ketiga dunia dengan produksi biji kering 550.000 ton. Pada tahun tersebut dari luas 1.651.539 ha areal kakao, sekitar 1.555.596 ha atau 94% adalah kakao rakyat. Hal ini mengindikasikan peran penting kakao baik sebagai sumber lapangan kerja maupun pendapatan bagi petani. Di samping itu, areal dan produksi kakao Indonesia meningkat pesat pada dekade terakhir, dengan laju 5,99% per tahun. Namun demikian, seiring dengan semakin luasnya daerah pengembangan kakao, akhir-akhir ini produksi dan produktivitas kakao di Indonesia terus mengalami penurunan yang sangat berarti. Selain tingkat produktivitas yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan potensi klon atau bahan tanam yang ada, aspek mutu juga mengalami penurunan. Menurunnya mutu dan daya hasil tersebut dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor antara lain serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman seperti infeksi penyakit dan serangan hama penggerek buah kakao (PBK), bahan tanam kakao yang diusahakan, penanganan pasca panen, dan sistem usahatani. Teknologi yang tersedia untuk mendukung peningkatan produksi dan pengembangan kakao antara lain bahan tanaman unggul, informasi kesesuaian lahan, teknologi perbanyakan bahan tanaman, teknologi pengendalian hama dan penyakit utama, teknologi sambung samping dan sambung pucuk, teknologi pengolahan hasil dan teknologi pengembangan industri kakao. Bahan tanaman unggul memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam usahatani kakao di Indonesia. Saat ini telah dihasilkan beberapa  klon unggul kakao dengan produktivitas di atas 2 ton/ha/th, beberapa di antaranya juga mempunyai sifat tahan terhadap hama dan penyakit utama kakao. Pengendalian hama dan penyakit tersebut, saat ini telah diimplementasikan model pengendalian secara terpadu yang melibatkan komponen bahan tanam unggul resisten terhadap hama dan penyakit, teknologi budidaya serta kriteria lahan yang sesuai untuk tanaman kakao. Produktivitas dan mutu hasil kakao sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas bahan tanam. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutu hasil kakao dapat dilakukan dengan teknik klonalisasi dengan cara sambung samping. Teknik sambung samping telah terbukti mampu memperbaiki produktivitas dan mutu kakao rakyat. Teknologi sambung samping telah diadopsi oleh para petani pekebun khususnya untuk merehabilitasi tanaman tua dan tanaman kurang produktif. Selain itu, teknologi pengolahan hasil dan pengembangan industri hilir juga telah banyak tersedia antara lain teknologi fermentasi, teknologi pengolahan limbah, dan teknologi diversifikasi produk. Agar usahatani kakao dapat berkembang sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, ke depan diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan pengembangan penanganan hasil dan produk kakao di Indonesia. Improvement and Development Production of Cocoa in IndonesiaABTRACT Indonesia is known as important exporting country of the world's cocoa beans. In 2010 Indonesia is the third largest world exporter of cocoa beans with production estimated 550,000 tons of dry beans. From1,651,596 ha in Indonesia, approximately 1,555,539 ha or 94% is managed by smallholders. This indicates an important role of cocoa both as a source of employment and income for farmers. In addition, the acreage and production of cocoa Indonesia increased rapidly in the last decade, a rate of 5,99% per year. Cocoa crop is non-oil export commodity which is very important in the estate sub-sector. Aside from being a source of state divisa, cocoa trees in Indonesia is a source of income and employment to estate farmers. Along with the vast development of new cocoa areas in Indonesia, the recent production and productivity of cocoa in Indonesia continues to a significant decline. In addition to a smaller level of productivity compared to the clone or plant material potency, the quality aspect also decreased. The decline in the quality and yield are influenced by many factors, among others, the attacks of infectious diseases and pests such as cocoa fruit borer Conophomorpha cramerella, plant materials, post harvest and farming systems. Technology available to support increased production and development of cocoa among other superior cacao plant materials, information, suitability of land for cocoa, the technology of plant propagation materials, technology major pest and disease control, side-grafting technology and continued shoots, processing technology and technological development of the cocoa industry. Superior cocoa plant material plays a very important role in cocoa farms in Indonesia. At present it has produced some excellent cocoa clones with productivity above 2 tons/ha/yr, some of which also have properties resistant to pests and major diseases of cocoa. To control pests and diseases have now implemented an integrated control model that involves components of superior planting materials that are resistant to pests and diseases, cultivation technology, and the criteria for suitable land for cocoa plants. Productivity and quality of cocoa is largely determined by the quality of planting material. One effort to improve cocoa productivity and quality results can be done with the clonalisasion technique by side-grafting. Side-grafting technique has been shown to improve cocoa productivity and quality of the people. Side-grafting technology has adopted by farmers to rehabilitate crop planters, especially older and less productive plants. Besides processing technology and the development of downstream industries have also been widely available among other  fermentation technology, processing technology and waste  product diversification technology. In order cocoa farming can be developed in the future, the next necessary efforts is to improve product development and processing of cocoa.
Penguatan Kelembagaan untuk Peningkatan Posisi Tawar Petani dalam Sistem Pemasaran Kakao Dewi Listyati; Agus Wahyudi; Abdul Muis Hasibuan
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p15-28

Abstract

Kelembagaan petani kakao masih sangat lemah sehingga membuat posisi tawar petani menjadi lemah menghadapi sistem pasar yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelembagaan yang ada di sentra produksi kakao Sulawesi Tenggara serta merumuskan strategi penguatan kelembagaan untuk meningkatkan posisi tawar petani dalam sistem pemasaran kakao. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Oktober 2012 di Kabupaten Kolaka, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dengan metode survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat model kelembagaan, yaitu model Gapoktan Harapan Jaya (GHJ), Gapoktan Kakao Bina Karya (GKBK), Gapoktan Kakao Maju Makmur (GKMM), dan tanpa gapoktan (TGKT). Dari empat model tersebut, model GHJ telah berkembang menjadi koperasi dan lebih baik dari yang lainnya dalam menjalankan fungsinya, yaitu dalam pemilihan pengurus, pemberian reward and punishment, penyedia sarana produksi dan pembiayaan, serta pengolahan hasil dan pemasaran. Model ini berperan mengadvokasi petani agar melakukan proses fermentasi biji kakao melalui rangsangan selisih harga. Untuk lebih menguatkan posisi tawar petani, dikembangkan konsep Model Kelembagaan Kakao yang merupakan kemitraan antara organisasi petani dengan industri pengolahan serta beberapa elemen terkait lainnya, yaitu petani/kelompok tani/gapoktan/asosiasi petani, industri pengolahan kakao, lembaga pembiayaan, lembaga penyuluhan, pemerintah, perguruan tinggi/lembaga litbang dan instansi terkait. Dalam model ini, asosiasi petani memegang peran penting sebagai lembaga pemasaran bersama yang berada di tingkat Kabupaten untuk memperkuat posisi tawar petani terhadap industri pengolahan/eksportir.Kata Kunci: Model kelembagaan, petani kakao, harga, industri, pengolahan kakaoInstitutional cocoa farmers is still very weak that cause low bargaining position of farmers in existing market system. The objectives of this study were to analyze the existing institutional in Southeast Sulawesi as cocoa production centers and to formulate the institutional model in improving bargaining position of farmers in the cocoa marketing system. The survey conducted in June-October 2012 at Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The results showed that there were four models of farmer’s institution, namely Gapoktan Harapan Jaya (GHJ), Gapoktan Kakao Bina Karya (GKBK), Gapoktan Kakao Maju Makmur (GKMM) and no farmers group. Of the four models, GHJ models are better than the others in carrying out its functions such asin the election of the board, giving reward and punishment, providing of agricultural inputs, financing, processing and marketing. This model had developed into a cooperative. In addition, this model also plays a role in advocating farmers to make the process of fermentation of cocoa beans, so that the price can be slightly higher than non-fermented, the price difference considered as the advantages for farmers. To strengthening the bargaining position of farmers, the concept of institutional models of cocoa which is a partnership between farmers and the processing industry organizations as well as several other institutions have been developed. At this model, farmers association has important roles to strengthen farmer’s bargaining to the industrial/exporter.
Evaluasi Bakteri Endofit untuk Pengendalian Nematoda Pratylenchus coffeae pada Tanaman Kopi Rita Harni; Khaerati Khaerati
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p109-116

Abstract

Bakteri endofit adalah bakteri yang hidup dalam jaringan tanaman dan memberikan efek yang baik pada tanaman, dapat diisolasi dari akar, batang, daun, dan buah. Penelitian isolasi, seleksi, dan potensi bakteri endofit untuk mengendalikan nematoda Pratylenchus coffeae pada tanaman kopi telah dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2012. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi isolat bakteri endofit yang potensial untuk mengendalikan nematoda pada tanaman kopi. Bakteri endofit diisolasi dari akar pertanaman kopi dari daerah Jawa Barat (KP. Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Garut, dan Pengalengan) dan Lampung (KP. Natar, KP. Cahaya Negeri, dan Liwa) menggunakan metode sterilisasi permukaan. Selanjutnya bakteri endofit diseleksi antagonismenya terhadap nematoda dan kemampuan memicu pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil isolasi bakteri endofit dari akar kopi diperoleh 442 isolat dengan kerapatan populasi bakteri endofit 5x103–5,77x106 cfu/g berat basah akar. Dari 422 isolat yang diuji, 50 isolat (12,3%) di antaranya adalah isolat yang antagonis, 60 isolat (14,21%) terbukti dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil pengujian in vitro dan in vivo di rumah kaca diperoleh 3 isolat yang potensial menekan nematoda P. coffeae dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman kopi, yaitu PG132, PG76, dan LW15.Kata Kunci: Kopi, isolasi, seleksi, potensi, bakteri endofit, nematoda, Pratylenchus coffeaeEndophytic bacteria are bacteria that live inside plant tissues and give a good effect on the plant, and can be isolated from the roots, stems, leaves, and fruit. Isolation, selection and potential of endophytic bacteria to control nematodes (Pratylenchus coffeae) on coffee plant had been carried out in the Laboratory and Greenhouse of Research Institute for Industrial and Beverage Crops from January to December 2012. The objectives of the study was to evaluate the potential of endophytic bacterial isolates to control nematodes in coffee plants. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from coffee root crops samples from several areas in West Java (KP. Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Garut, Pengalengan) and Lampung (KP. Natar, KP. Cahaya Negeri and Liwa). Furthermore, the isolates were selected their antagonistic activities and plant growth coffeae plant. A total of 442 isolates endophytic bacteria was obtained from coffee root with a population density of 5x103–5.77x106 cfu/g of fresh weight roots, as many as 50 (12.3%) isolates performed antagonis on nematodes, 60 isolat (14.21%) isolates stimulated the growth of coffeae plant. Result in vitro and in vivo test, there were 3 potential endophytic bacterial isolates, namely PG132, PG76, and LW15, effective to control P. coffeae and increase the coffee growth.
PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH DAN COKELAT PADA JAMBU METE DAN STRATEGI PENGENDALIANNYA Rita Harni; Widi Amaria
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The development of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) has a great opportunity, because the national contribution of cashew is still relatively small in world markets. Center prodcuction of the crop in of cashew in eastern Indonesia such as Southeast Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, NTB and NTT. In increasing productivity of cashew crop in Indonesia, there are symptoms of white and brown roots diseases which can cause the death of cashew plant. White Root Rot Fungus (WRF) is caused by Rigidophorus lignosus and Rigidophorus microporus, whereas Brown Root Rot Fungus (BRF) is caused by Phellinus noxius. The symptoms of both diseases are rizomorf in roots and base of the stem, when they attack on the advanced stage, leaves become yellow, fall, dried, canopy only branches and subsequent plant death. WRF and BRF can survive in soil for many years and is a source of infection for healthy cashew. Transmission of the disease through contact with the roots of diseased plants and healthy plants. Control WRF and BRF recommended in an integrated manner, i.e. resistant varieties, technical culture, biological agents, mechanical and chemical. 

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