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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 23561297     EISSN : 25287222     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (JTIDP) published by Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research from area of agricultural science on industrial and beverage crops.
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Articles 407 Documents
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SISTEM PEMASARAN KARET RAKYAT DI PROVINSI JAMBI DENGAN PENDEKATAN STRUKTUR, PERILAKU, DAN KINERJA PASAR Dwi Nurul Amalia; Rita Nurmalina; Amzul Rifin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 3 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n3.2013.p237-244

Abstract

Rubber is the main commodity of Jambi Province. In the rubber market, price volatilites at exporter level are not followed by price volatilities at farmer level. Generally the objectives of this research was to analyze the marketing system of rubber smallholders with structure-conduct-performance (SCP) approachment. The research was conducted on two district of rubber production centers in Jambi province from June to August 2013. The method used in this research is survey method with interview techniques. The research results show that market concentration ratio (CR4) at crumb rubber factory level is 75.70%. These structural characteristics indicate that market structure is concentrated with low competition level. Hence, market structure of rubber is oligopolistic and the main marketing intitution determining rubber prices is crumb rubber factory. Market conduct analysis states that marketing collution occurs crumb rubber factories determine the price. In addition, the market performance analysis shows that changes of rubber prices at the crumb rubber factory level are not transmitted to farmers. The result analysis of market performance indicates that farmers are the most disadvantages actors comparing with other marketing actors and they are also price taker in the short run and long run.
Stabilitas Hasil Tiga Klon Kopi Robusta Bengkulu sebagai Klon Unggul Lokal Enny Randriani; Edi Wardiana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 3 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n3.2015.p159-168

Abstract

The population of Robusta coffee in Bengkulu province were mostly old thus it need rejuvenation or rehabilitation.  Local clones of Robusta coffee, such as Sidodadi, Payung Hijau and Payung Kuning, have been cultivated for rehabilitation in Bengkulu Province at an altitude of >700 m above sea level (asl). This study aimed to analyze the yield stability of the three Robusta coffee clones at medium to high altitudes. The study was conducted from January to September 2015 in Curup Regency (670 m asl) and Kepahiang Regency (900 m and 1300 m asl), Bengkulu Province. The three tested Robusta coffee clones were 5 years old Sidodadi, Payung Hijau, and Payung Kuning,which propagated through plagiotropic grafting. Each experiment unit consisted of 5 plant samples and were obtained by randomized sampling with 5 replications respectively. The parameters observed were fresh weight of berry/plant, dry weight of beans/plant, fresh weight/berry, and dry weight/beans. The data analyzed using combined variance followed by yield stability test of Eberhart and Russell method. The results showed that Payung Hijau clone had the highest bean yield compared to the other two clones (Sidodadi and Payung kuning). The production of Payung Hijau clone reached 1.19 kg dry weight of bean/plant, 4.31 g fresh weight/berry, and 0.63 g dry weight/bean. Therefore, the Payung Hijau clone was potentially used as scions source for the coffee plantation rejuvenation or rehabilitation.
Peran Tanaman Karet dalam Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Handi Supriadi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2012.p79-90

Abstract

Terjadinya perubahan iklim pada saat ini telah mengkibatkan dampak buruk terhadap kehidupan makhluk hidup di permukaan bumi.  Kekeringan, banjir atau rob,  gelombang udara panas,  dan badai merupakan beberapa contoh yang disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim.  Pada sektor pertanian,  kondisi tersebut akan menyebabkan produksi tanaman  mengalami penurunan yang cukup signifikan sehingga mengganggu ketahanan pangan nasional dan menurunkan pendapatan petani dan devisa negara. Penyebab utama terjadinya perubahan iklim adalah meningkatnya emisi gas rumah kaca (terutama gas CO2) di udara, yang dihasilkan oleh  aktivitas manusia (antropogenik).  Untuk mengurangi emisi gas CO2 Pemerintah Republik Indonesia  telah mencanangkan  Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (RAN-GRK) sesuai Peraturan Presiden Nomor 61 tahun 2011. Salah satu kegiatan utamanya adalah penanaman  105.200 ha tanaman karet.  Peran ekologis tanaman karet yaitu tajuknya dapat menyerap  gas CO2 dari udara dan dari hasil biji karet dapat dibuat biodiesel dengan gas buang CO2 yang lebih rendah dari bahan bakar minyak (solar), sehingga tanaman karet mempunyai peran yang penting dalam mengurangi kejadian perubahan iklim (mitigasi).  Jumlah CO2 yang diserap oleh tanaman karet bervariasi tergantung kepada umur tanaman, kondisi tanaman, kesuburan tanah, dan teknis budidaya yang diterapkan.  Rata-rata stok karbon  pada karet tradional (perkebunan rakyat) 19,8 ton C/ha, sedangkan pada karet klon unggul (perkebunan besar) 42,4 ton C/ha.  Jumlah gas CO2 yang diserap oleh perkebunan karet di Indonesia  mencapai 291,16 Mton CO2e.  Potensi produksi biodiesel dari RSO di Indonesia mencapai 424.460 ton. Campuran solar dan biodiesel dari RSO dapat menurunkan emisi gas buang CO2 sebesar 40,14%. Role of rubber plant in climate change mitigationABSTRACT Climate change happened and resulted in adverse effect of our life on the earth's surface. Droughts, floods, or rob, heatwaves, and hurricanes happened recently of incident that might be caused by climate change. In the agricultural sector, these conditions will lead to reduction of yields significantly, in turn disrupt the national food security and reduce foreign exchange. Major factor that may induce climate change is the increased greenhouse gas emissions primarily CO2 in air, generated by human activity  (anthropogenic). To reduce emissions of CO2 gas,  Government of Indonesia has launched the National Action Plan for Reducing Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (RAN-GRK) through Presidential Decree No. 61 of 2011. One of the main activity is the planting of 105,200 ha of  rubber trees. Ecological role of the rubber plant  is an sequestration CO2 from the air. Moreover, rubber yielded may be converted into biodiesel fuel having CO2 content being lower than diesel oil in otherwords, rubber plant has an important role in reducing of  incidences of climate change (mitigation).  The amount  of CO2 is sequestrated by rubber plant varies depending on the age of the plant, crop conditions, soil fertility and technical cultivation applied. Average of carbon stock of those rubber plants cultivated traditionally was 19.8 ton C / ha, while those superior clone ones was 42.4 ton C/ha. The  amount of CO2 gas sequestrated by rubber in Indonesia  reached of 291.16 Mton CO2e. Potentially biodiesel production developed from the RSO in Indonesia reached   424,460 ton, blending of diesel oil and biodiesel from RSO able to reduce CO2 emissions of 40.14%.  
Pengaruh Elevasi dan Pengolahan terhadap Kandungan Kimia dan Citarasa Kopi Robusta Lampung Juniaty Towaha; Asif Aunillah; Eko Heri Purwanto; Handi Supriadi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p57-62

Abstract

Kopi Robusta Indonesia memiliki agroklimat dan elevasi tempat yang variatif serta lebih luas sehingga berpotensi sebagai penghasil kopi Robusta yang bermutu tinggi dengan citarasa dan aroma khas. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di perkebunan rakyat Provinsi Lampung dari bulan Januari hingga Desember 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh elevasi dan pengolahan terhadap kandungan kimia serta citarasa kopi Robusta di perkebunan kopi Robusta milik rakyat di Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dan analisis datanya mengikuti Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah empat ketinggian tempat, yaitu (1) 200; (2) 400; (3) 600 dan (4) 800 m dpl, sedangkan faktor kedua pengolahan buah kopi, yaitu (1) basah dan (2) kering. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pengujian kadar kafein, protein, lemak, dan abu serta uji organoleptik (cupping test). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa makin tinggi elevasi tempat tumbuh kopi Robusta di daerah Lampung maka kadar kafein dan lemak cenderung semakin meningkat. Selanjutnya, proses pengolahan kopi secara basah menghasilkan mutu citarasa kopi Robusta Lampung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pengolahan secara kering.Kata Kunci: Kopi Robusta, elevasi, pengolahan, kandungan kimia, citarasaRobusta coffee was grown in Indonesia at diverse agro-climatic conditions and altitudes, so it potentially to develop of high quality Robusta coffee with a distinctive flavor and aroma. Research was conducted on smallholder plantations in Lampung Province from January to December 2013. The objective of this study was to analyze the quality and flavor of Robusta coffee developed at different elevation in Lampung Province, in order to identify the most appropriate elevation for Robusta coffee to have the best quality and flavor. Research was use completely randomized design with three replications and two factors. The first factor is altitude: (1) 200; (2) 400; (3) and 600 (4) 800 m above sea level, while the second factor is the processing technique: (1) wet; and (2) dry processing. Variables tested were levels of caffeine, protein, fat and ash as well as cup quality. The results showed that the higher of elevation the higher of caffein and fat contents. Moreover, wet processing of Lampung Robusta Coffee gave higher cup quality compared to dry processing.
Pengaruh Mikoriza dan Amelioran terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Kopi Usman Daras; Octivia Trisilawati; Iing Sobari
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p145-156

Abstract

Tanah yang telah ditanami tanaman kopi seringkali tidak mampu menyediakan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan secara memadai untuk kelangsungan hidup tanaman itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan pupuk anorganik dan organik sangat diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi. Selain pupuk organik dan anorganik, beberapa pupuk hayati yang diformulasikan dari mikroba tanah non patogen seperti jamur mikoriza juga telah digunakan untuk tujuan pengembangan pertanian. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh mikoriza dan amelioran terhadap pertumbuhan benih kopi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Sukabumi pada bulan Februari-Desember 2012. Rancangan penelitian adalah acak kelompok faktorial dua faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor-faktor yang diuji adalah penggunaan mikoriza (tanpa mikoriza, mikoriza dari rizosfer kopi, dan mikoriza dari rizosfer jambu mete) dan amelioran (tanpa amelioran, kompos, kapur, dan kapur dicampur kompos). Peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, dan bobot kering daun, batang, dan akar, serta tingkat infeksi mikoriza pada akar kopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan inokulum mikoriza, baik yang berasal dari rizosfer tanaman kopi maupun jambu mete mampu memperbaiki pertumbuhan benih kopi. Mikoriza yang berasal dari rizosfer kopi memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik dibandingkan yang berasal dari rizosfer jambu mete, sedangkan penggunaan amelioran maupun kombinasinya tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan benih kopi.Kata Kunci: Mikoriza, benih kopi, amelioran, pertumbuhanIt is often the soil on which coffee is grown is not able to supply all nutrients needed by plant adequately for its life cycle. Hence, both inorganic and organic fertilizers are used to meet nutrient requirement. In addition to organic and inorganic fertilizers, some biofertilizers formulated from nonpathogenic soil microbes such as mycorrhizas fungi has been developed for agricultural purposes. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of mycorrhizas fungi and ameliorants on the growth of Robusta coffee seedlings. The study was carried out at a green house of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi from April to December 2012. Two factors examined were: (1) the use of mycorrhizal fungus (without mycorrhizas, added mycorrhizas fungi isolated from coffee plant rhizosphere, and those from cashew trees rhizosphere), and (2) ameliorant application (without ameliorant, compost, lime, and mixed lime with compost). The factors were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates and plot size of 16 plants. Variables observed are plant height, diameter of girth, number of leaves, dry weight of leaves, stem, roots, and infection level of mycorrhizas in coffee roots. The result showed that the mycorrhizas fungus (arised from coffee or cashew rhizosphere) significantly affect on the growth of coffee seedlings. The coffee seedlings treated with mycorrhizas fungi isolated from coffee rhizosphere was better than those of cashew rhizosphere. Whereas, the ameliorant and their combinations not significantly affect on the growth of coffee seedling.
Peningkatan Mutu Kakao Melalui Teknologi Bioproses Pemerasan Pulp (Depulping) Biji Kakao Secara Mekanis Sumanto Sumanto; Dedi Sholeh Efendi; Bambang Prastowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n2.2015.p77-84

Abstract

In general, the classic problems faced by the cocoa farmer are low productivity and quality of cocoa beans as farmers do not perform fermentation due to a longer processing time.  Bulk cocoa beans covered with pulp presumably affecting the fermentation time and bean quality. The research objective was to assess a combination of bioprocessing technology and mechanized-depulping to improve the quality of fermented cocoa beans. The study was conducted from July 2011 to July 2012 on cocoa farmer groups in Pacitan Regency, East Java, using engine depulper (500 kg/hour capacity) and manually (20 kg/10 minutes or about 120 kg/hour capacity). The results showed that fermentation time was shorter in squeezed pulp, either using engine depulper or manually.  Both the temperature and pH of fermented beans reached its highest point on the fourth day and decreased on day five, from which obtained higher quality beans indicated by clean and bright brown color with better flavour and color as well as lower acidity, astringent, and smell.
EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI TEKNIK ISOLASI DAN PURIFIKASI DNA PADA JAMBU METE Syafaruddin .; Enny Randriani; Tri Joko Santoso
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Cashew well known as a potential industrial plant to be expanded due to of kernel price and cashew can also be used as conservation plant. As a potential plant, so needed information more detail including the molecular information. There are many techniques to conduct DNA isolation depend on kind of plants or plant tissue that will be used. The experiment had been conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (BB BIOGEN), Bogor on May-July 2011. Young leaf of cashew used as genetic materials which is took from experimental station Cikampek, Indonesian Spice and Industrial Crops Research Institute (BALITTRI). While some chemicals were used as the other material. The activities following step: DNA extraction and purification, measurement of DNA concentration and amplification of DNA. Deletion of resistor enzyme-polysacharide, especially for perennial plant. DNA isolation can be done by breaking down of cell wall, cell membrane and nuclear membrane. The aim of this experiment was to find the effectivity and efficiency technique of DNA isolation and purification so can be reducing cost and time consuming while working in the laboratory. The results shows that conscientiousness of DNA isolation and purification denotes an important step to obtain clean and contaminant free of DNA, so banding pattern will be clear. In this technique did not used polypinilpolypirolidone (PVPP) and mercapto-ethanol such as antioxidant, liquid nitrogen, neither over night storage of leaf extraction before used for purification which is often used for perennial plant. In addional, the results shows that band pattern of DNA was very thick and clear, therefore, this techni que can be used for DNA isolation on cashew. 
PENAMPILAN SIFAT AGRONOMI TANAMAN KEMIRI SUNAN [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] YANG BERASAL DARI GRAFTING DAN BIJI Dibyo Pranowo; Rusli Rusli
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2012.p251-256

Abstract

Kemajuan program pengembangan tanaman dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan bahan tanam unggul bermutu dengan jumlah yang cukup. Grafting merupakan salah satu cara perbanyakan benih yang dapat menjamin mutu genetik bahan tanam dan keturunan yang diperoleh umumnya  sama dengan induknya. Penelitian yang bertujuan mengetahui penampilan sifat agronomi tanaman kemiri sunan [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] yang diperbanyak secara grafting dan seedling dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon, pada ketinggian tempat 450 m di atas permukaan laut dengan jenis tanah Latosol dan tipe iklim B, mulai bulan Oktober 2010 sampai Oktober 2012. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi dengan cara membandingkan dua perlakuan teknik perbanyakan benih, yaitu secara grafting dan melalui biji (seedling), masing-masing 20 tanaman untuk setiap perlakuan. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman asal grafting ternyata lebih rendah tetapi dengan lingkaran batang yang lebih besar dibandingkan tanaman asal biji. Ukuran daunnya lebih kecil tetapi dengan jumlah yang lebih banyak serta indeks luas daun yang lebih tinggi.AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE  OF [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] RAISED BY GRAFTING AND FROM SEEDABSTRACT The progress of plant development programs are partly influenced by the availability of planting materials, both in term of quality and quantity. Grafting is a propagation technique to ensure that the genetic quality of the provided planting materials is identic to the mother plant. A study was established to investigate agronomic performances of [Reutealis trisperma (Blaco) Airy Shaw] grown through grafting and seedling from October 2010 until October 2012. The study was carried out at Pakuwon Research Station with altitude of about 450 m above sea level, soil type of latosol and B type climate. The observations were made on 40 the plants of 20 each. Results showed that the agronomic performance of the plants grown through grafting technique was lower in height than those of seedling, but higher in stem of girth sizes than those of seed ones. Moreover, the leave sizes of grafted plants were smaller than those of the seedling, but higher in leave numbers and leaf area index compared to those of seedling.
Keefektifan Paket Teknologi Pengendalian Penggerek Buah Kakao (PBK) di Provinsi Bali Gusti Indriati; Samsudin Samsudin; Rubiyo Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p65-70

Abstract

Hama penggerek buah kakao (PBK) (Conopomorpha cramerella Snell.) merupakan hama utama yang menyerang hampir seluruhperkebunan kakao di Indonesia, termasuk Bali. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan paket teknologi yang efektif untukmengendalikan PBK. Penelitian dilakukan pada areal kakao di kelompok Subak Abian Puncaksari, Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Balidari tahun 2006 sampai 2009. Paket teknologi pengendalian PBK yang diuji ialah: P0 (teknologi petani), P1 (panen sering +penyarungan buah muda + pemangkasan), P2 (panen sering + pemangkasan + Beauveria bassiana), dan P3 (panen sering +pemangkasan + penyarungan buah muda + Beauveria basiana) dengan 5 ulangan. Setiap paket diintroduksikan kepada masing-masing 5petani pada lahan 0,5 ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paket teknologi P1 dan P3 merupakan paket teknologi pengendalianPBK yang efektif menurunkan tingkat dan intensitas serangan PBK dan menekan kehilangan hasil sampai 0%.Kata Kunci: Kakao, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.), pengendalianThe cocoa pod borer (CPB) caused by Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.) is one of major pests having attacked almost all cocoa plantations inIndonesian, including Bali. The aim of this research was to find out of CPB control technology in Tabanan Regency, the province of Bali. The studywas conducted at the group of Subak Abian Puncaksari, province of Bali during 2006 until 2009. The CPB control technology packages tested are P0(farmer’s technologies), P1 (frequent harvesting + pods sleeving + pruning), P2 (frequent harvesting + pruning + Beauveria bassiana), P3 (frequentharvesting + pruning + pods sleeving + B. bassiana. Each package was applied to cocoa plantations of 5 farmers having of 0.5 ha each. The resultsindicated that P1 and P3 packages can reduce the rate and intensity of CPB attack and reduce losses 0 percent.
PENGELOLAAN SERANGGA-SERANGGA YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN TANAMAN JAMBU METE Funny Soesanthy; Iwa Mara Trisawa
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Several kinds of insects associated with cashew plant. These insects are grouped into phytophagous insects, natural enemies (parasitoids and predators) and pollinators. Phytophagous Insects such as Helopeltis spp., Sanurus indecora, Placoderus ferrugineus, Anastrepha fraterculus, and Cricula trifenestrata were reported become a constraint on the production of cashew in Indonesia and several other countries. The natural enemies are egg parasitoid like Mesocomis orientalis, Trichogramma sp. and Aphanomerus sp, pupae parasitoid like Brachymeria sp. and Tetrastichus sp. and adult parasitoids from family Epipyropidae, while predators like ants, Chilomenes lunata Sphodromantis lineola, Tarachodes afzelii, and Amorphoscelis sp. In addition to natural enemies, the presence of insect pollinators such as Apis mellifera and Centris tarsata are very important considering cashew require insect assistances for the formation of fruit. Knowledge of the complex associations between insects and cashews need to know to their management strategies in the fields. Phytophagous insect management are directed to efforts at suppression their population by maximizing the role of natural enemies. Cashew ecosystem manipulation techniques such as management of wild vegetation, pruning, and intercropping can be developed to encourage the role of natural enemies better. The technique is als o expected to attract pollinating insects visiting the cashew crop. In addition, actions that could disrupt the natural life such as the use of insecticides should be reduced. Insecticides are used only if the role of natural enemies was less successful and populations of phytophagous insects are at the level of adverse. Periodic monitoring of insects associated with cashew nuts to be an important key to making subsequent decisions. 

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