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Media Kedokteran Hewan
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 02158930     EISSN : 2775975X     DOI : 10.20473/mkh.v32i1.2021.1-11
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary
Media Kedokteran Hewan (p-ISSN: 0215-8930) (e-ISSN: 2775-975X) (established 1985) publishes all aspects of veterinary science and its related subjects. Media Kedokteran Hewan publishes periodically three times a year (January, May, and September). Media Kedokteran Hewan publishes original articles, review articles, and case studies in Indonesian or English, with an emphasis on novel information of excellent scientific and/or clinical quality, relevant to domestic animal species and biotechnology of veterinary medicine from researchers, lecturers, students, and other practitioners around Indonesia and worldwide.
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Articles 150 Documents
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Detection of Avian Influenza Virus H5 and H9 Subtypes in Rural Live Bird Markets at High-Risk Border Areas in Ghana: Implications for Integrated Surveillance Mensah, Fiona Nana Yaa; Emikpe , Benjamin Obukowho; Folitse, Raphael Deladem; Odoom, Theophilus; Tweneboah, Albert Agyapong; Sarpong, Kofi
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i2.2026.155-168

Abstract

The frequency of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Ghana and neighbouring countries require the detection of avian influenza virus subtypes H5 and H9 in local poultry at live bird markets (LBMs) in border areas. Using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we analyzed 770 samples from local chickens, guinea fowl, and ducks across four border live bird markets. Samples were screened for influenza A virus (Ct<35). Prevalence by sample type, location, and species was calculated at 95% confidence. Of the 770 samples, the prevalence of influenza A was 6.4% (CI: 4.7–8.3). Tracheal swabs showed a higher prevalence (8.8%; CI: 6.2–12.1) than cloacal swabs (3.9%; CI: 2.2–6.3). Similarly, Southern Ghana showed a higher prevalence (11.2%; CI: 7.4, 16.0) than in Northern Ghana (4.4%; CI: 2.8, 6.5) (p<0.05). Further subtyping of the M-gene-positive samples confirmed the circulation of H5 [4.4% (CI: 2.6, 7.0)] and H9 [2.9% (CI: 1.4, 5.1)] in all four live bird markets from the two locations. This study highlights the need for transboundary surveillance of H5 and H9 viruses, improved biosecurity, and policy interventions in border live bird markets to reduce the maintenance and transmission of AIVs in Ghana.
Pathologic Changes Observed in Wild-Caught African Giant Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) from Kwali Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria Oremeyi, Tenuche Zaynab; Adebayo, Sulaiman Abdul-Razaq; Christiana, Olajimbiti Ololade; Idoko , Idoko Sunday; Enejo, Abalaka Samson; Abdulazeez, Sani Nuhu; Edmond, Onije; Benjamin, Emikpe Obukowho; Onyemaechi, Egwu Godwin
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i2.2026.128-142

Abstract

The domestication of African giant rat (AGRs) is increasing due to its nutritional, economic, and biomedical value, but is constrained by infectious, metabolic, and degenerative diseases. This study assessed organ pathology in wild-captured AGRs to establish baseline health data for improved care and domestication. Forty (40) wild AGRs captured from Kwali (Nigeria), were euthanized for examination. Whole blood and serum samples (5 mL and 2 mL, respectively) were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Hearts, lungs, liver, and kidneys were harvested for gross and histopathological evaluations using standard techniques. No significant sex-based differences were observed in hematological or biochemical parameters. Lesions were present in 45% of the specimens, with the lungs being most affected, followed by the liver and kidneys. Pulmonary lesions were characterized by red hepatization and varied in pattern, ranging from interstitial to bronchointerstitial and broncho-pneumonia. Hepatic lesions included granulomatous, necrotizing, and lymphocytic hepatitis, with Capillaria hepatica ova observed in granulomatous cases. Renal lesions comprised focal infarctions, tubular epithelial degeneration, and multifocal necrosis. These findings underscore the underlying health challenges faced by wild African giant rats and highlight the zoonotic significance of Capillaria hepatica, emphasizing the need for vigilant surveillance to safeguard both animal and public health.
Detection of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in Dogs Transported Through Juanda International Airport Quarantine, East Java, Indonesia Perdana, Benny; Effendi, Mustofa Helmi; Tyasningsih, Wiwiek; Yuniarti, Wiwik Misaco; Setiawan, Boedi; Rahardjo, Dadik
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i2.2026.194-203

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to global health, affecting both human and animal health sectors. Antibiotic resistance can be found in both healthy and diseased animals and may also be detected in their owners. Close interaction between humans and their pets, particularly dogs, can facilitate the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) is one of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Escherichia coli is an ESBL-producing bacterium that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of living organisms, including humans and dogs. Infections caused by E. coli may lead to diseases, such as urinary tract infections. Infections involving antibiotic-resistant E. coli result in more difficult and prolonged treatment. This study aimed to detect ESBL-producing E. coli in dogs transported through Juanda International Airport. Rectal swabs were collected as samples. Bacterial identification was performed using EMB agar, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Confirmation of ESBL-producing E. coli was performed using the double-disk synergy test (DDST). The results showed that 75.22% (85/113) were positive for E. coli, with 2.6% (3/113) confirmed as ESBL-producing by DDST.
Nigella sativa Seed Powder Supplementation Mitigates Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Alterations in Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus-Infected Chickens Muhammed, Muhammed Shuaib; Orakpoghenor, Ochuko; Oladele, Sunday Blessing; Mohammed, Bisalla; Musa, Ibrahim Waziri
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i2.2026.143-154

Abstract

Oxidative imbalance plays a key role in the pathology associated with highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus infection in chickens; however, nutritional strategies to limit this damage remain insufficiently explored. This study evaluated the influence of dietary Nigella sativa seed powder on selected oxidative biomarkers in experimentally infected cockerels. One-hundred-day-old birds were randomly distributed into five groups: uninfected controls, infected controls, seed powder supplementation alone, short-term supplementation with a viral challenge, and continuous supplementation with a viral challenge. The supplement was incorporated into the feed for either 7 or 42 days, while infection was induced orally at 28 days of age. Serum analysis revealed that viral infection reduced superoxide dismutase activity while increasing catalase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation levels. Birds receiving continuous supplementation showed markedly attenuated alterations compared to the untreated infected groups. These findings indicate that Nigella sativa seed powder effectively moderated virus-associated oxidative disturbances by supporting endogenous antioxidant defenses and limiting membrane lipid damage, highlighting its potential value as a functional dietary intervention in infected poultry.
Oxidative Stress Assessment in Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) of Normal and Pneumonic Sheep Ajayi, John Olurotimi; Jarikre, Theophilus Aghogho; Usman, Abdulrauf Adekunle; Emikpe, Benjamin Obukuwho; Taiwo, Victor Olusegun
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i2.2026.214-223

Abstract

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases in small ruminants; however, a comprehensive assessment comparing systemic and local pulmonary oxidative status in naturally infected Nigerian indigenous sheep is lacking. This study evaluated oxidative parameters in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 210 sheep, including healthy controls and animals with naturally occurring pneumonia. Samples were analyzed for total protein, enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C), and oxidative stress markers (myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide). In pneumonic sheep, serum and BALF levels of glutathione peroxide, glutathione transferase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced, whereas levels of myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide were markedly increased. Malondialdehyde showed mild elevation. The most significant oxidative disturbances were observed in bronchopneumonia, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, and granulomatous pneumonia. These results demonstrate a pronounced oxidative imbalance in both the systemic and pulmonary compartments of sheep with pneumonia. Therefore, this study provides novel evidence supporting the integration of antioxidant therapy and targeted nutritional management into standard care protocols to mitigate oxidative damage and improve outcomes in pneumonic sheep.
Probiotics and Acidifiers Enhance Intestinal Mucosal Resistance to APEC in Broilers Yulianto, Andreas Berny; Koesnoto Supranianondo; Kartika Purnamasari
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i2.2026.204-213

Abstract

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes disease in poultry and results in economic losses through reduced hatchability, production, and increased morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the potential of probiotics and acidifiers to improve intestinal mucosal resistance in APEC-infected broilers. A completely randomized design was used, including six treatments with five replicates (n=30): T0(–) uninfected control, T0(+) infected control, T1 antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), T2 probiotics (5 mL/L drinking water), T3 acidifiers (5 g/kg feed), and T4 probiotics + acidifiers. The variables measured were intestinal lesions (necrosis, degeneration, and inflammation), villus morphology (height, width, and area) in the duodenum and jejunum, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s test, while lesion scores used Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. All treatments differed from those of the infected control. Probiotics and acidifiers improved villus morphology and produced lower FCR than AGP, whose FCR was similar to that of the infected control. Probiotics and acidifiers show potential as alternatives to AGP in maintaining intestinal integrity in APEC-challenged broilers.
Concurrent Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Pneumoniae Infections in a 3-year-old Domestic Shorthair Cat in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia: A Case Report Fani, Rifia; Suprayoga, Tito
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i2.2026.224-232

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, especially those caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are becoming a problem in veterinary medicine. There are still not many reports of cats having multiple multidrug-resistant infections at the same time, especially in Indonesia. This case report presents a 3-year-old male domestic shorthair cat with chronic purulent nasal discharge, dyspnea, and tachycardia, unresponsive to empirical antibiotic treatment with amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. Thoracic radiography showed that both lungs had increased opaque. Nasal swab samples from both nostrils were cultured on blood agar, MacConkey agar, and desoxycholate agar. We used an automated system (bioMérieux VITEK® 2 Compact) to identify the bacteria and test their susceptibility to antibiotics by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, both exhibiting resistance to various antimicrobial classes, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and monobactams. Both isolates were sensitive to meropenem. Targeted therapy with intravenous meropenem (5 mg/kg body weight, twice a day for 10 days) led to clinical improvement of respiratory symptoms and radiographic improvement. This case highlights the significance of culture-based diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the management of multidrug-resistant co-infections in felines.
Circulating Serovars of Leptospirosis and Associated Factors in Jos, North Central Nigeria Gurumyen, George Yilzem; Jarikre, Theophilus Aghogho; Tanko, Polycarp Nwunuji; Taiwo, Olusegun Victor; Abiayi, Elmina A.; Asare, Derrick Adu; Bitrus, Asinamai Athliamai; Emikpe, Benjamin Obukowho
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i2.2026.179-193

Abstract

Leptospirosis is an emerging, neglected and underreported zoonotic disease. With limited records of circulating Leptospira serovars in Nigeria. This study aimed to investigate Leptospira serovars and its associated factors in dogs in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of 180 blood samples were collected from dogs presented to two veterinary facilities between January 2024 and March 2025. The samples were screened using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against eight Leptospira serovars. Data were analyzed using chi-square statistics to determine the associations between infection status and associated factors. Serovar Mini (34.4%) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (22.2%) had the highest seroprevalence rates among the sampled dogs. Mixed infections were common (45%), single-serovar infections were 20%, and 35% were negative. Age was significantly associated with infection (P< 0.001), with dogs aged ≤ 2 years showing the highest infection rate. Pyrexia was consistent in dogs infected with serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae and Mini serovars. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first serological evidence of Leptospira serovar Mini in dogs, whereas Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Tarassovi, Bratislava, Pomona, and Hardjo continue to co-circulating in Nigeria. Hence, the need for genomic surveillance and the development of canine Leptospira vaccines to reflect circulating serovars in Nigeria.
Translational Immunogene Therapy in Veterinary Oncology: Recent Clinical Trial Evidence in Companion Animal Cancers Haryo, Albiruni
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i2.2026.233-246

Abstract

Cancer in dogs and cats is a major cause of illness and death and provides clinically relevant models for comparative oncology. Purpose: This review critically evaluates clinical trials of gene immunotherapy in client-owned dogs and cats from 2017 to 2024, with an emphasis on methodological quality, antitumor efficacy, safety, and translational relevance to human oncology. Review(s): Systematic searches identified trials in spontaneous cancers treated with gene-based immunotherapies or genetically modified cells that reported at least one clinical and one safety outcome. The evidence base is limited but coherent and dominated by non-viral plasmid vectors delivered by gene electrotransfer for melanoma, mast cell tumors, mammary adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, and sarcoid. Expression of cytokines, such as interleukin-12, and tumor-associated antigens was generally well tolerated, with mostly local, mild, and transient adverse effects and minimal systemic toxicity. Reported benefits included improved local tumor control, delayed recurrence or metastasis, enhanced quality of life, and prolonged survival in selected studies. Conclusion: Larger, multi centre, biomarker-rich, and controlled trials are needed to clarify immune mechanisms, strengthen causal inference, and optimize cross-species clinical protocol design.
Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine Combination on Physiological Parameters in Ovariectomized Senegalensis Domestic Shorthair Cats Lapo, Rock Allister; Onidje, Edmond; Adamou, Sahidi; Tsangue, Larissa Dongmomo; Serigne, Abdoulaye Cisse; Fall, Gaby
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 2 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i2.2026.169-178

Abstract

The use of anesthesia in veterinary practice requires careful management to ensure animal welfare during surgical procedures. This study evaluated the effects of the xylazine–ketamine combination on the physiological parameters of Senegalensis Domestic Shorthair cats undergoing ovariectomy at a veterinary clinic in Dakar, Senegal. Twenty-two healthy adult cats were anesthetized with intravenous xylazine (1.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). Physiological parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature, were measured at baseline, 15, and 30 min after induction. A significant decrease in rectal temperature occurred at 30 min post-induction (p<0.05), while respiratory rate dropped significantly at 15 min post-induction and partially recovered by 30 min post-induction (p < 0.01). Heart rate remained stable throughout (p = 0.429). Additionally, 45.45% of the cats exhibited urinary incontinence, and 27.27% showed hypersalivation. These findings indicate that xylazine–ketamine anesthesia induces hypothermia and respiratory depression but has minimal impact on heart rate. The study highlights the importance of monitoring these parameters during anesthesia and suggests the need for cautious management, especially with regard to respiratory and temperature control. The results also contribute valuable insights into the efficacy of the xylazine–ketamine combination for small animal surgery in Senegalese veterinary settings.

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