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Media Kedokteran Hewan
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 02158930     EISSN : 2775975X     DOI : 10.20473/mkh.v32i1.2021.1-11
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary
Media Kedokteran Hewan (p-ISSN: 0215-8930) (e-ISSN: 2775-975X) (established 1985) publishes all aspects of veterinary science and its related subjects. Media Kedokteran Hewan publishes periodically three times a year (January, May, and September). Media Kedokteran Hewan publishes original articles, review articles, and case studies in Indonesian or English, with an emphasis on novel information of excellent scientific and/or clinical quality, relevant to domestic animal species and biotechnology of veterinary medicine from researchers, lecturers, students, and other practitioners around Indonesia and worldwide.
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Articles 140 Documents
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Probiotics as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in ISA Brown Males Chicken Afililla, Zhaza; Agustono, Bodhi; Marbun, Tabita Damaria; Vedy, Dayang Urmila Shahnaz; Yulisah, Dina; Riastianto, Muhammad Rofiq; Firmansyah, Muhammad Alif Rifqi; Farihah, Diniah Umy; Zahra, Reyza Miladiya Khuriyah; Afandik, Nadya Ashila; Ghultom, Astri Agustina; Meiliza, Nazwa; Nugroho, Adi; Prima, Jaya Agusc
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i1.2026.22-30

Abstract

Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP/AGPs) have been used to improve feed efficiency in poultry, but are banned in Indonesia due to food safety concerns. This study evaluated the potential of probiotics as an AGP alternative in ISA Brown male layer chickens during the finishing period, focusing on blood glucose and cholesterol levels. A total of 180 chickens were reared for 42 days. Treatment groups received basal feed supplemented with probiotics at 1–5 mL/kg, equivalent to 1.2×10⁹ to 6×10⁹ CFU/kg feed, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium spp. Blood cholesterol was analysed using an enzymatic colorimetric method at 500 nm, while glucose was measured using the glucose oxidase method at 505 nm. Results showed that probiotic treatments (P2, P3, P5) significantly reduced glucose levels compared to the control (P0) and AGP group (P1). A moderate decrease in cholesterol levels was also observed in probiotic groups. These effects may be linked to improved gut microbial balance and nutrient metabolism. The probiotic combination used in this study shows potential as a safer and more sustainable alternative to AGPs. Further studies are recommended to optimize dosage and assess long-term impacts on poultry health and productivity.
Management of Fibroadenoma in a 12-Year-Old Dachshund Mix Dog Rahmatullah, Aldin Akbar; Putri, Cindy Ercha Aulia; Ratnaningtyas, Nurrohmah; Pratama, Syifa Ramadhan; Karim, Nuurin Ajrin; Akintunde, Adeyinka Oye
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i1.2026.73-84

Abstract

Mammary tumors are a significant concern in canine veterinary medicine, with fibroadenoma being a rare benign subtype. This case report details the successful management of fibroadenoma in a 12-year-old, non-spayed, female Dachshund mix presenting with multiple abdominal masses (3–6 cm in diameter). Clinical examination showed stable vital signs (body temperature 38.5°C, pulse 110 bpm, respiratory rate 30 breaths/min). Diagnostic workup included ultrasonography, hematology, and histopathology, confirming fibroadenoma characterized by adenoma clusters within dense connective tissue. The term "adenomer" was clarified as a non-standard variant of adenoma, and consistent terminology was applied throughout. Treatment involved ovariohysterectomy and mastectomy, followed by post-operative administration of ceftriaxone, dexamethasone, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. The patient recovered without complications, underscoring the efficacy of early surgical intervention to prevent metastasis. This case highlights a comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach for managing canine fibroadenoma.
Metastatic Calcification Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in a 5-Year-Old Boerboel Dog Shakiru, Habeeb; OLA, Olawale Olawumi; Olaifa, Olanrewaju Samuel; Tijani, Monsuru Oladunjoye; Jarikre, Theophilus Aghogho; Usman, Abdulrauf Adekunle; Ajani, Tola Felicia Orotusin; Adejumobi, Olumuyiwa Abiola; Omobowale , Temidayo Olutayo
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i1.2026.62-72

Abstract

Pathologic mineralization refers to the abnormal deposition of calcium salts in tissues. In dogs, metastatic calcification is an uncommon but serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting from disturbances in calcium/phosphorus metabolism or renal damage by infectious agents. A 5-year-old female Boerboel was presented because of one week of anorexia. Clinical assessment revealed severe emaciation, dehydration, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and concurrent ehrlichiosis. Despite oxytetracycline and doxycycline therapy for two days, the dog died. Necropsy and histopathological examination were performed. Grossly, there was extensive mineralization of the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, pleura, pharynx, and great vessels. Histopathology showed tubular epithelial degeneration, protein casts, tubular ectasia, and interstitial fibrosis, consistent with advanced CKD. Laboratory findings of azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercalcemia supported renal failure as the underlying process driving the soft tissue mineralization.  Extra-renal lesions included hepatocellular atrophy with vacuolar change, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, bronchointerstitial pneumonia with pulmonary edema, and hemorrhagic follicular cystitis with mononuclear infiltration. The combined gross and histopathological findings demonstrate how renal failure-induced mineral imbalance can drive widespread soft tissue mineralization. Veterinary clinicians must monitor calcium/phosphorus status to anticipate life-threatening sequelae.
Acute Oral and Dermal Toxicity of Mikania micrantha Essential Oil in Rats Magpale, Jessa Mae; Dargantes, Kassey Alsylle; Dargantes, Alan; Dargantes, Sylvia; Daguro, Ted Aries; Vecino, Hannah Lois; Risma, Airish Jane; Enot, Melania
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i1.2026.40-52

Abstract

The safety profile of Mikania micrantha essential oil has not been sufficiently characterized, despite its demonstrated bioactivity. To address this, the study evaluated its acute oral and dermal toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 190–210g. Experimental groups included a negative control (distilled water), a positive control (DMSO+PBS), and three treatment groups (300, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg doses). The evaluation was conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines Nos. 423 and 402, pertaining to acute oral toxicity and acute dermal toxicity testing in animals, respectively. These protocols are standardized, providing internationally accepted procedures for assessing potential toxic effects of substances through oral and dermal routes. No mortalities or significant clinical abnormalities were observed over the 14-day observation period, while hemato-biochemical profiles remained within normal ranges. The parasitic cyst found in histopathology, containing larval cestodes, was an incidental finding and was not attributed to M. micrantha essential oil exposure. All these findings suggest that M. micrantha essential oil is well-tolerated by rats following acute oral and dermal administration, supporting its potential safe use in preclinical studies and laying the groundwork for its future development as a therapeutic agent in broader veterinary applications.
Case Report: The Use of Herbal Medicine Lonicera and Forsythia as a Treatment of Bronchopneumonia in Cats Nur Husodo, Tifano Pratista Ramandika; Putu Devi Jayanti; Putu Ayu Sisyawati Putriningsih
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i1.2026.85-97

Abstract

Bronchopneumonia is a form of pneumonia that causes inflammation and infection in the respiratory tract (bronchi) and alveoli. Clinical studies show that Yin Qiao San has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to determine the Yin Qiao San herbal medicine as an alternative to the use of antibiotics for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in cats. The case animal named Bambam is a mixed-breed cat. The cat is a sterilized male, 3 years old, with a body weight of 3.75 kg. The cat had been sneezing for a month and was observed coughing several times. Physical examination revealed mucopurulent discharge and the presence of crackles. Hematology results indicated the cat had macrocytic hypochromic anemia. The presence of mucopurulent discharge raised suspicion of a bacterial infection. Discharge cytology revealed neutrophils, lymphocytes, and coccus bacteria, while bacterial culture identified Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. The X-ray results showed ring-like shadows, tram lines, and air bronchograms. The cat was diagnosed with bronchopneumonia. Treatment involved the administration of herbal medicines Lonicera and Forsythia, given at a dose of one tablet twice daily, along with Livron B-Plex, one tablet once daily for 14 days. Therapy evaluation results showed clinical improvement, indicated by the absence of coughing and crackles, reduced nasal discharge, and decreased sneezing frequency. However, after treatment, the nasal discharge did not change, the discharge remained mucopurulent.
Case Report: Acute Ehrlichia canis induced Severe Hepatitis and Its Management in a Fijian Dog Yogeswaranthan, Prashanth
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i1.2026.53-61

Abstract

A four-year-old female spayed Boerboel dog presented with a three-day history of reduced appetite, lethargy, dark tarry watery faces, high fever, and dark urine in September 2024. General Clinical Examination (GCE) revealed that pyrexia, pale to slightly icteric mm, and infestation with brown ticks on the body, especially inter digital region and ear pinna. The clinical signs suggested a tick-borne disease. Blood samples were submitted to the laboratory for biochemistry and Full Blood Count (FBC), and serological testing by using a commercial test kit.  Laboratory tests ALP (Aspartate Aminotransferase, ALT Alanine Aminotransferase, AST aspartate transferase, Total Bilirubin, and GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase revealed severe pancytopenia with elevation of hepatic enzymes. Serological test positive for Ehrlichia canis antibodies. This diagnosis was acute ehrlichiosis with secondary hepatic impairment. Treatment included doxycycline at a dose rate of 10mg/kg body weight once daily for 28 days, liver supportive therapy with Denamarin® 1 tab once a day for 28 days, and Frontline® spot-on covering tick infestation and supportive with vitamin B complex and high-density commercial nutrition supplement. The dog significantly recovered from E. canis infection after 28 days of therapeutic medical support. This is the first reported incidence of canine E. canis in the Fiji Islands.
Potential Zoonosis Transmission and Compromised Animal Welfare during Eid al-Adha Festival in Ghana Shaban, Salisu; Derrick Adu Asare; Mustapha Abubakar Ahmed; Prince Nana Takyi; Abdul Rahman Yakubu; Irene Darko; Sampson Yeboah; Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i1.2026.31-39

Abstract

The large-scale inhumane handling and unsupervised slaughter of animals during the Eid al-Adha festival in Ghana occur under largely unregulated conditions, raising significant public health concerns. Despite the religious significance of the ritual, limited empirical data exist to assess how current practices align with public health and animal welfare standards. This study addresses this critical research gap by evaluating potential transmission of zoonosis and animal welfare practices during Eid al-Adha in Ghana. A cross-sectional, mixed-method approach was used, involving 100 participants selected through purposive and random sampling from Muslim-majority communities in Ghana. Data collection involved structured interviews and direct observation, with practices scored as positive or negative based on veterinary public health benchmarks. The results revealed a predominance of negative practices over positive ones in both zoonotic risk and animal welfare. Average scores indicated that the majority of biosecurity and handling practices were rated as ‘poor’, including low use of gloves (2%), face masks (5%), and gum boots (2%), along with poor handling of animals during slaughter (5%). Notably, feeding, recognized as a basic animal welfare practice, was the only indicator rated as ‘excellent.’ Statistical analysis using t-tests confirmed significant differences between positive and negative practices related to zoonotic risk (t = -30.76, p < 0.001) and animal welfare (t = -2.88, p = 0.046) at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The study emphasizes the urgent need for veterinary oversight and structured public health action for ensuring safe practices and safeguarding animal welfare throughout the festival.
Insight into Fish Welfare: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Farmers in the Eastern Region of Ghana Emikpe, Benjamin Obukowho; Derrick Adu Asare; Prince Nana Takyi; Daniel Baba Abiliba; Salisu Shaban; Emmanuel Awuni; Abdul Rahman Yakubu; Sampson Yeboah; Irene Darko
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i1.2026.1-21

Abstract

Fish welfare has emerged as a global concern, with aquaculture playing a critical part in satisfying the growing need for animal consumption; however, fish welfare continues to be mainly disregarded in Africa. This gap is evident in Ghana, where the policy framework and on-farm practices have not incorporated relevant fish welfare criteria. The study employed a mixed-methods approach to assess fish welfare knowledge, perceptions, and practices among 17 aquaculture operators in Ghana's Eastern Region. Data collection also included six key informant interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from farm supervisors and women involved in fish handling. Descriptive statistics and theme analysis were employed to interpret the results. 70.59% of respondents were not aware of pre-kill stunning, and only 17.65% indicated its use in practice. About 29.41% of the farmers lacked training, and 52.94% lacked impressive equipment. Although more than half (58.82%) believed that fish could feel pain, attitudes and practices towards humane killing were different. Facility conditions and welfare standard compliance were ranked as fair or poor. There is a significant gap between ethical goals and operational realities in Ghanaian aquaculture. To close this gap, there is a need to invest in on-farm training of farmers, create clear welfare standards, and encourage the use of technologies that support humane fish farming. Through this, aquaculture routine operations will be benchmarked against ethical levels, opening the door for more sustainable and profitable fish production in Ghana.
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Human Hepatic Capillariasis in Asia: Review Choirunnisa, Indaka Rachmah; Suwanti, Lucia Tri; Mufasirin; Puspitasari, Heni
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i1.2026.98-113

Abstract

Human hepatic capillariasis in Asia is likely under-detected rather than rare. This review aimed to synthesize prevalence signals and describe clinical characteristics of hepatic capillariasis caused by Calodium (Capillaria) hepatica across Asian countries. A systematic search of major databases through 2025 identified case reports, case series, and hospital-based studies on human hepatic capillariasis. We extracted data on study design and diagnostic approaches, including histopathology, imaging, and molecular assays such as 18S rRNA sequencing. Clinical outcomes were recorded separately. Evidence was sparse and geographically clustered, with 20 publications from 7 countries concentrated in East and Southeast Asia. Most reports described single patients or small series. Clinical presentations commonly included hepatic mass-like lesions and eosinophilia, and misdiagnosis as neoplasia or other hepatobiliary disease was frequent. Histopathology was the primary diagnostic tool. Molecular confirmation was applied inconsistently, but, when used, enabled species-level identification. Because of heterogeneity in diagnostics (microscopy, histopathology, PCR), study populations (single cases vs hospital series), and locations (sites across East and Southeast Asia), and because denominators were small, we did not calculate a pooled prevalence. Nevertheless, high carriage rates in urban rodent reservoirs suggest under-recognition in humans. As part of integrated One Health surveillance, this review highlights the need to integrate histopathology with molecular testing, adopt standardized reporting that distinguishes genuine infections from spurious findings, and strengthen cross-sector collaborations to refine burden estimates and guide prevention across Asia.
Ecological Determinants of Pathogenic Leptospira Survival: Microbial Interactions, Environmental Stressors, and One Health Perspectives Robby Wijayanto; Zilfiarani, Chalida Nahendra; Fahlefi, Moch. Ilham Riza
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i1.2026.114-127

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a significant zoonotic disease that remains highly endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. The pathogenic Leptospira spp. can persist for extended periods in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, posing a long-term threat to public health. However, most studies have focused on pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. The ecological and microbial components were examined. This review explores the ecological determinants of Leptospira survival, emphasizing microbial interactions and their relevance within the One Health framework. Leptospira persistence is influenced by abiotic stressors (temperature, pH, moisture, and soil minerals), biotic interactions (such as co-aggregation with other bacteria, protozoan predation, and bacteriophage activity), and anthropogenic factors including deforestation, agricultural intensification, and urbanization. Evidence shows that Leptospira survive best under high humidity, neutral to alkaline pH, and moderate temperatures, while extreme stressors such as drought, high temperature, or microbial antagonism reduce their viability. Understanding how these abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic drivers shape bacterial persistence provides insight into the ecological resilience of Leptospira and its transmission dynamics. This review underscores the need to coordinate cross-sectoral measures and integrated surveillance linking environmental, animal, and human health through ecologically informed tools such as eDNA and climate-based risk modeling.

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