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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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Antimicrobial Effect of Ethanol Extract of Red Betel Leaf (Piper crocatum) on the Growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria Edbert Wielim; Marwoto .; Zulaika Nur Afifah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background:Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) as a herbal plant has been exist through generations, and can be trusted to heal many diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, and hemoroid. According to the research, red betel leaf has some compounds that can be used as antibiotics for example like, flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, and essential oil. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one cause of nosocomial infection, which Klebsiella pneumoniae has been resistant to certain antibiotics known as Extended Spectrum b Lactamase (ESBL). The purpose of this research is to know the effect of Ethanol extract red betel the Growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: This research was an laboratory experimental with post test only with contro group design, conducted in Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The sample were ATCC standard of Klebsilla pneumonia, clinics isolate of ESBL, and clinics isolate of non ESBL. ESBL and biochemical test were attempted first. After ESBL were proven, the next step was preliminary test and according to preliminary test, 70% ethanol extract of red betel leaf was used for this research. Negative control was ethanol 70%, positive control was cefoperazone+sulbactam, and treatment group was 70% ethanol extract of red beter leaf. Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney were used for analyse the data in this research. Results: According to the research, there was no inhibiton zone that formed on negative control, ethanol extract 70% of clinics isolate of non ESBL, and clinics isolate of ESBL. Inhibition zone formed on ethanol extract 70% of ATCC (10,3 0,57 mm), positive control of ATCC (37,5 1,15 mm), positive control of clinics isolate of non ESBL (36,1 5,63 mm), and positive control of clinics isolate of ESBL (23,9 1,19 mm). Kruskal Wallis showed there was statistically significant difference to all the sample (p= 0,000). Mann Whitney showed there was statistically difference between ethanol extract 70% of ATCC with clinics isolate of ESBL and clinics isolate of non ESBL (p=0,01), positive control of clicnis isolate of ESBL with ATCC (p= 0,219), and ethanol extract 70% of ATCC with positive control of ATCC (p =0,043). Conclusion : There was a different between the growth of all the sample of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Keywords:ethanol extract of red betel leaf, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata [Burm.F.] Ness) terhadap Kerusakan Struktur Histologis Sel Hepar Mencit yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Heigy Mutiha Putri; Endang Listyaningsih S; Slamet Riyadi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Green chiretta contains andrographolide as active substances, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins which were thought to protect the livers cell from free radicals. In present study, Green chiretta leaves extract was evaluated for its protective effect on heksaklorosiklon-induced liver cell damage in mice. Methods: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Green chiretta leaves extract, 28 male, Swiss Webster mice (Mus musculus) were equally divided into four groups. The group I (KK) were administered aquadest and group II (KP1) were not only administered aquadest but also a toxic dose of paracetamol on the day 12, 13 and 14. Grup IIIIV (KP2-KP3) were administered Green chiretta leaves extract (0.2 ml and 0.4 ml, successively) for 14 days and a toxic dose of paracetamol on the day 12, 13 and 14. Mice were sacrificed on the 15th day with neck dislocation and their livers were prepared for microscopy study to evaluate their cell damages. The damages were assessed by counting the number of hepatocyte on centrolobuler zone undergoing pyknosis, karyorhexis, and karyolysis. The data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test (? = 0.05) and the Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons (LSD) test (? = 0.05). Results: The mean liver cell damage score of the KP1 group was significantly higher (61.80 7.991) than the KK group (33.00 5.225). The KP2 group showed fewer numbers of liver cell damage (37.81 5.653) compared to the KP1 group (61.80 7.991) and the KP3 group (60.81 8.268). The One Way ANOVA test showed the significant difference between the four groups (p=0.000) while the LSD test showed the significant differences between each other group (p<0.005), except the group of KP1-KP3 (p> 0.005). Conclusions: The treatment of Green chiretta leaves extract was able to decrease the liver cell damage of mice. The increase dose of Green chiretta leaves extract was not followed by the increase of protection effect to the liver cell damage of mice induced by paracetamol. Keywords: Green chiretta leaves extract, paracetamol, liver cell histological damage.
Hubungan antara Yoga dengan Siklus Menstruasi Indah Purnama Sari; . Kiyatno; Diffah Hanim
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Disturbed menstrual cycle often causes anxiety women. Menstruation disturbance can affect daily activities, that can decrease productivity. Nutrition and physical activities can affect regularity of menstrual cycle. Yoga is a popular physical activity recently that can influence hormone reproduction. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Yoga and menstrual cycle. Method: This research was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. There were 63 subjects of research that were chosen using purposive sampling of women who took Yoga course in Ganep's Surakarta. Independent variable of this research was Yoga. While dependent variable of this research was menstrual cycle. Data collected by direct interview with a list of questions to respondent were analyzed using bivariate Chi-Square, Contingency coefficient, and Odds. Result: The result of Chi-Square test showed there was significant correlation between Yoga and menstrual cycle (p = 0.000). Coefficient of contingency test showed that 43.5% women who took Yoga course had regular menstrual cycle (C = 0.43; and p =0.000). While Odds Ratio test showed that women who took Yoga course had possibility 9.86 times to have regular menstrual cycle (OR = 9.86; CI 95% 2.87 - 34.95; and p = 0.000). Result of Research: There is significant correlation between Yoga and menstrual cycle. Keywords: Yoga, menstrual cycle
The Acupuncture Effect of Zusanli point (ST36) to Decrease the Number of Leukocytes in Mice (Mus musculus) Model of Sepsis Due to Exposure of Cecal Inoculum Esty Jayanti; Balgis .; Sri Wulandari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background:The incidence of sepsis in the Dr. Moewardi Hospital at the end 2007 showed a mortality rate of 50.2 % (115 deaths from 229 patient with sepsis). Associated with the sepsis treatment therapy, the use of low-dose corticosteroids in the early stages of sepsis is still debated. WHO suggests that acupuncture can stimulate corticosteroid. The aim of this study was to know the acupuncture effect of Zusanli point ( ST36 ) to decrease the number of leukocytes in mice (Mus musculus) model of sepsis caused by the exposure of cecal inoculum. Methods:This study was an experimental laboratory research with posttest only control group designs. The samples were 28 male mice, divided by simple random sampling into a control group (KK), Sepsis Group 1 (KS1), Sepsis Group 2 (KS2), and Sepsis Group 3 (KS3). Sepsis groups were made by giving cecal inoculum exposure at a dose of 0.1 mg/mouse/day injected intraperitoneally for 7 days. During the 10 days after exposure, no treatment was given to KS1, while KS2 was treated with corticosteroid therapy, and KS3 was given acupuncture therapy. The low dose corticosteroid used was Methyl prednisolone at a dose of 0.05 mg/mice that was injected intraperitoneally 2 times daily. The acupuncture was given at the Zusanli point (ST36) with a duration of 15 minutes. Blood samples were taken at day 24th. The leukocyte count data were analyzed with One Way ANOVA test (p<0.05) and the Bonferroni post hoc test (p>0.005). Results:Sepsis group were successfully made by exposure of cecal inoculum with significance level (p) of 0.000 (p>0.005). Acupuncture of zusanli point (ST36) could reduce leucocyte count in mice (Mus musculus) model of sepsis caused by exposure to cecal inokulum as same as corticosteroid group with significance level (p) 0.000 (p>0.005). Conclusion:Acupuncture of Zusanli point (ST36) can reduce leukocyte count in mice (Mus musculus) model of sepsis caused by exposure to cecal inoculum. Keywords: Acupuncture, Zusanli point (ST36), leukocyte count, Sepsis.
Perbedaan Kadar Kuersetin pada Propolis di Pasaran Wilayah Surakarta Rizky Amalia P; Diding Heri Prasetyo; Sri Hartati H
Nexus Biomedika Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Nexus Biomedika
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Abstract

Background: Quercetin is one of the active substances in propolis which has many benefits for human health as antioxidant, anticancer, antiallergy, cardioprotector, gastroprotector, lowering blood pressure, and increase the body immunity. Quercetin content in propolis is influenced by geographical factors, differences in the season, climate, plants, bees, and the type of solvent. This study aims to determine differences of quercetin levels of propolis in the market area of ??Surakarta. Methods: This study uses observational analytic methods. Samples of propolis were sold in the market area of ??Surakarta. Sampling was done by purposive sampling as many as six brands of propolis which is divided into 6 groups: P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6. Each group was measured five times. Determination of quercetin in propolis by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer method of Prussian Blue. Data were analyzed for quercetin levels with one-way ANOVA statistical test using the computer program SPSS 17 for windows. Results: Average of quercetin levels of propolis samples obtained results P1 = 9.4440 0.06465 g/mL, P2 = 4.4760 0.08591 g/mL, P3 = 10.2700 0.04000 g/mL, P4 = 7.4120 0.06648 g/mL, P5 = 8.6780 0.03347 g/mL, P6 = 8.4960 0.10877 g/mL with p < 0.001. Conclusion: There are differences of quercetin levels of propolis in the market area of ??Surakarta. Keywords: Propolis, quercetin levels, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Prussian Blue
In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) Rhizome Ethanol Extract Against Ascaris suum Goeze ASRI KURNIA RAMADHANI; YULIA . SARI; SIGIT . SETYAWAN
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction:Ascariasis is one of the high prevalence helminthiasis in Indonesia. This disease has been eradicated by using anthelmintic medication which has some weakness. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) contains gingerol, shogaol, saponin and tanin which have anthelmintic activities. This experiment had a purpose to know the anthelmintic effect of red ginger rhizome ethanol extract against Ascaris suum Goeze in vitro. Methods: This study was a quasi experimental research using a posttest only controlled group design.Samples were adult worms 15-30 cm in lenght that actively moved. The sample was divided into 8 groups; each group consists of 4 worms. It was used saline as negative control (KKN), pyrantel pamoate 2,5 mg/ml as reference group (KKP), and extract on 30 mg/ml (KP1), 40 mg/ml (KP2), 50 mg/ml (KP3), 60 mg/ml (KP4), 70 mg/ml (KP5) and 80 mg/ml (KP6) concentration as the treatment groups. The worms were immersed in 50 ml of each solution and incubated on 37C. The observation was done every 1 hour until all the worms in each group dead. The data obtained was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney test. Results: The average death time of Ascaris suum Goeze on KKN was 107.75 hours, on KKP was 1 hour, on KP1, KP2, KP3, KP4, KP5 and KP6 were 21.25 hours, 19.75 hours, 17.75 hours, 16.25 hours, 14 hours and 11 hours respectively. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) minimum between two groups. Post hoc Mann-Whitney test showed almost all groups in this study showed a significant difference(p<0.05) of the wormsbetween neither KP1 and KP2 nor KP3 and KP4. Conclusions: There was an anthelmintic effect of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) rhizome ethanol extract against Ascaris suum Goeze in vitro. Keywords: Red ginger rhizome ethanol extract, Ascaris suum Goeze
Perbedaan Daya Anthelmintik antara Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya, Linn.), Daun Pare (Momordica charantia, Linn.), dan Kombinasi Keduanya terhadap Cacing Ascaris suum, Goeze in Vitro Nurul Rahmawati Swadini; Sri Haryati; Bambang Sukilarso Sakiman
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 2 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Backgrounds: Ascariasis is an infection disease caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, Linn. Drugs therapy for ascariasis has various side effects causing unpleasant sensation to the patient such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Infusion of papaya leaves and bitter gourd leaves contains saponin and tannin known having anthelmintic activity. This experiment aimed to find out the difference of anthelmintic capacity among papaya leaves extract, bitter gourd leaves extract and their combination to Ascaris suum, Goeze, in vitro. Methods: This experiment was quasi experiment with post test only controlled group design. Subject for this experiment was Ascaris suum, Goeze. The subject was arranged into five groups, those were negative control group (NaCl 0.9%), positive control group (Pirantel pamoat 5 mg/ml), papaya leaves extract group, bitter leaves extract group and the combination of both papaya and bitter gourd leaves extract group. The extract concentrations for the treatment were 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% w/v. Subjects were dipped into extract for maximum monitoring time. Death time of all worms in each group was examined. Data were analyzed with linear regression and probit analysis (? = 0.05). Results: Regression analysis showed that there was a significant relation between death time and concentration of papaya leaves extract, bitter gourd leaves extract, and combination of both with significance value p = 0,000 (p < 0.05). Probit analysis showed that combination of papaya leaves and bitter gourd leaves extract was more effective than Pyrantel pamoate. Conclusions: There were differences of anthelmintic capacity among papaya leaves extract, bitter gourd leaves extract and their combination. The combination of both papaya leaves extract and bitter gourd leaves extract as anthelmintic was more effective than they were alone and also more effective than Pyrantel pamoate. Keywords: Anthelmintic capacity, papaya leaves extract, bitter gourd leaves extract, combination
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis F.) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Model Diabetes Melitus Gresmita Rindi Winarti; Ida Nurwati; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that causes increased free radical activity in the body. Excessive free radicals contribute to diabetes complications. The free radicals will react with lipids and then they can form malondialdehyde. This free radicals can be neutralized by antioxidants. Breadfruit (Atrocarpus altilis F.) leaf contains flavonoids and phenolics which serve as antioxidants. This research aimed to determine the effect of breadfruit leaf extract on malondialdehyde levels in diabetic rats. Methods: This was an experimental research using posttest only control group design. Subjects were 30 male white rats, three months old with average body weight of 160-200 g. Subjects were randomly divided into five treatment groups: Normal group, negative control group, treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III. All subjects of the groups, except normal group, were induced by 65 mg/kgBW streptozotocin (STZ) and 230 mg/kgBW nicotinamide (NA). Each subjects in normal and negative control group were administered 2 ml/kgBW/day Natrium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC), whereas treatment groups I, II, and III were administered breadfruit leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kgBW/day, 400 mg/kgBW/day, and 800 mg/kgBW/day, respectively. The treatments were done for 14 days. Malondialdehyde levels were measured from blood samples collected via retro-orbital veins. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U tests (a=0.05). Results: Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference of MDA levels among five groups (p<0.001). Statistically significant differences of MDA levels were further found in all pairs of two-group comparisons, except between the negative control group and the treatment group I (p=0.690). Conclusion: Breadfruit leaf extract could decrease malondialdehyde levels in diabetic rats induced by STZ-NA. The dose of 800 mg/kgBW/day of breadfruit leaf extract showed the greatest effect. Keywords: Breadfruit leaf extract, MDA, Diabetes mellitus
Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Pegagan Leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) on Histological Damage of Hepatocyte on Mice Model induced by Parasetamol Naila Shofwati Putri; Suyatmi .; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) contain antioxidative compounds that can protect hepatocytes from free radicals. The aim of this research was to know the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) on histological damage of hepatocyte on mice model induced by paracetamol. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with the post test only control group design. Samples were 30 male Swiss webster mice, with 2-3 months old and 20 gr body weight divided into 5 groups equally. KN and KI were given distilled water for 14 days. In addition, KI was also given paracetamol in dose 5.07 mg/20 gbw on the 12th, 13th, 14th day. KP1, KP2, and KP3 were given ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves in dose 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg per 20 gbw respectively for 14 days and paracetamol in dose 5.07 mg per 20 gbw on the 12th, 13th, 14th day. On the 15th day, mice were sacrificed and their livers were taken for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with HE. The features of histological damage of hepatocyte were assessed by counting the numbers of nucleus damage of hepotocyte (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis) of 100 cells in the sentrolobular zone. The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc LSD test. \ Results: The means of histological damage of hepatocyte were 16.08 5.160; 66.00 3.275; 44.58 5.583; 31.67 2.188; 26.17 3.810 for KN, KI, KP1, KP2, KP3 respectively. The result of One-Way ANOVA test was *p = 0.000. The result of Post Hoc LSD test showed a significant difference between five groups, *p = 0.000 for KN-KI, KN-KP1, KN-KP2, KN-KP3, KI-KP1, KI-KP2, KI-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3 and *p = 0.002 for KP2-KP3. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves can prevent histological damage of hepatocyte on mice model induced by paracetamol. Keywords: ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves, paracetamol, histological damage of hepatocyte
Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) Extract Protects Liver from Damage Induced by Reheated Palm Oil on Mice (Mus musculus) Muhammad Hilmy Labibi; Suyatmi .; Zulaika Nur Afifah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis hepatis, and fatty liver disease are serious health problem worldwide. Stress oxidative is involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Bilimbi fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) contains flavonoid, triterpenoid saponin, vitamin A, and vitamin C which might protect the liver from stress oxidative. This research aimed to know the effect of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. extract on the liver damage induced by reheated palm oil on mice. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory research with the post test only controlled group design. This research used 30 male Swiss webster mice aged 2-3 months and weighed 20 g weight divided randomly and equally into 5 groups. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water, the exposure group (KKp) was given reheated palm oil, and the 1st,2nd3rd treatment group (KP1, KP2, KP3) were given ethanolic extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg, and 22.4 mg respectively. The induction for liver damage was done by giving reheated palm oil afterward. These treatments were given for 14 days. Mice were sacrificed on the 15th day by neck dislocation. The liver were obtained for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with HE. The Liver damage was assessed by quantifying of necrotic cells of each 100 cells in the centrolobular zone. Data was analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and followed by Post Hoc test (?=0,05). Results: Mean of necrotic cells for KKn, KKp, KP1, KP2, and KP3 were 5.171.53; 78.084.74; 40.336.34; 30.176.29; and 19.005.89 cells respectively. One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant differences of liver damage score among five groups, *p=0.000. The results of Post Hoc test also showed significant difference between pairs of all group (*p =0.000). Conclusion: Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.extract protected liver from damage induced by reheated palm oil on mice. Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. extract, reheated palm oil, liver histological damage

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