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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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Analisis Molekuler Regio Core Promoter dan Precore/CoreIsolat Virus Hepatitis B 09IDSKAB-3 Ibnu Yudistiro; Afiono Agung Prasetyo; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: HBV replicates its DNA genome through reverse transcription from RNA intermediate. It is vulnerable to a high number of mutations during such reverse transcription which are frequently found in core promoter and precore/core regions. This study was aimed to identify genetic variation of HBV core promoter and precore/core regions of 09IDSKAB-3 isolate. Methods: DNA extraction was performed on 09IDSKAB-3 blood sample that was taken from Man Sex with Man Community. Core promoter and precore/core regions were determined by PCR using KL-28 and KL-6 primers and direct sequencing of the corresponding region. Molecular analysis was performed using MEGA 4.0. Results: Based on BLAST result, 09IDSKAB-3 HBV isolate had the highest similarity to isolate AP011085 from DKI Jakarta. Genetic variations A1726C in core promoter, and T1860C, C1877T, G1957C in precore/core region were found in 09IDSKAB-3 isolate. Conclusions: 09IDSKAB-3 HBV isolate was classified into genotype B and subgenotype B3 based on core promoter and precore/core region. The genetic variations found in this isolate may have influence to the replication efficiency and HBeAg/HBcAg production, therefore need further study. Keywords: hepatitis B virus, molecular analysis, core promoter region, precore/core region
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Dalam Mencegah Peningkatan Kadar Proteinuria Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Yang Diinduksi Gentamisin Asih Anggraini; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Background : The increasing use of nephrotoxic drugs has increased the incidence of renal diseases. Research on herbs with potential nephroprotective effects is needed to offer adjuvant therapy for renal diseases. Mangosteen peel contains gamma-mangostin and antioxidant which can prevent renal damages. Methods : This research was a laboratory experiment with pre and post-test control group design. Subjects were 30 white, male, Wistar-strain rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 2-3 months and weighed 150-230 grams. Subjects were randomly divided into 5 groups. Negative control group was treated nothing, while normal control group was treated 0.5% NaCMC. Treatment group 1, 2 and 3 were treated with mangosteen peel extract at dose 62.5 mg/kg-BW, 125 mg/kg-BW and 250 mg/kg-BW, respectively. The treatment was done for 14 days. In the last 7 days, the negative control group and the treatment groups 1, 2, and 3 were induced by gentamicin 100 mg/kg-BW. Urine samples of the subjects were collected before and after treatment to measure proteinuria levels. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney tests (? = 0.05) using SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Results : Result of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that proteinuria levels differed significantly across five groups (p = 0.008). The Mann-Whitney tests showed statistically significant differences between the negative control group and the other 4 groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the normal control group and the treatment groups 1, 2, and 3 (p > 0.05). Conclusion : Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel extract could prevent the increase of proteinuria levels in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced gentamicin. Keywords : Mangosteen Peel Extract, Proteinuria Level, Gentamicin
Cytotoxic Assay of Soursop Leaf Ethanol Extract (Annona muricata Linn.) on Breast Cancer Cell Line (T47D) In Vitro Dwiana Ardianti; . Suyatmi; . Mujosemedi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Cancer is a genetical disorder which involves dynamic changes of genome, that it causes abnormal cell growth, invasion and metastasis of cell. Breast cancer is found mostly on women. There are many phytochemistry bioactive compounds found in soursop plant. One of the most important component is annonaceous acetogenins. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic effect of soursop leaf ethanol extract on breast cancer cell line (T47D). Methods: This was experimental laboratory research. The cytotoxic effects of Soursop Leaf Ethanol Extract studied on cell line of breast cancer (T47D) in vitro were measured by MTT assay. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was compared to doxorubicyn. The data were analyzed to determine the inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50). Results: IC50 of soursop leaf ethanol extract on breast cancer cell line (T47D) was 69.250mg/ml and doxorubicyn was < 0.195mg/ml. Conclusion: Based on the study, soursop leaf ethanol extract has a weak cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell line (T47D) with IC50 = 69.25 mg/ml. Keywords: MTT assay, Soursop Leaf Ethanol Extract, Cytotoxicity, Breast cancer cell line (T47D).
Uji Efektivitas Prosedur Disinfeksi Tingkat Tinggi Endoskopi Saluran Cerna RSUD Dr. Moewardi Aviaddina Ramadhani; . Marwoto; Leli Saptawati
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: The risk of infection associated with gastrointestinal endoscope remains a topic of interest. This vexation may be related to reliability of the disinfecting techniques or the compliances with the guideline laid down for high-level disinfection. Gastrointestinal endoscope disinfecting techniques may vary from site to site. This study was to examine the effectiveness of gastrointestinal endoscope high-level disinfection at Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Dr. Moewardi. Methods: An observational study using cross sectional design was conducted at RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Thirty samples from gastrointestinal endoscope swab after high-level disinfection process with 24 hours storage and without storage was sampled with convenience sampling technique. Data from this research were analyzed descriptively and tested using Chi square test. Results: Microorganism were detected in 11/14 samples of gastrointestinal endoscope after 24 hours storage and 3/16 samples of gastrointestinal endoscope without storage process. The microorganisms were Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus non-aureus, and Clostridium sp. Significant relationship was detected between storage processes after gastrointestinal endoscope high-level disinfection with microorganism contamination. Conclusions: High-level disinfection of gastrointestinal endoscopes RSUD Dr. Moewardi was not yet effective. There was a significant relationship between gastrointestinal endoscopy storage for 24 hours with the effectiveness of high-level disinfection of gastrointestinal endoscopes. Keywords: high-level disinfection, gastrointestinal endoscope, 24 hours storage, without 24 hours storage.
In Vitro Antihelmintic Effect of Mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) Seeds Etanol ExtractAgainst Ascaris suum Goeze Yusuf Arif Salam; Yulia Sari; Sigit Setyawan
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Mahagoni seeds contain flavonoid, saponin, and tannin that that have been known having anthelmintic effect. This study aimed to determine the antihelmintic effect of mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) seeds etanol extract against Ascaris suum Goeze in vitro. Methods:The study was a laboratory experimental research using post test only controlled group design. The subject were adult Ascaris suum Goeze worms. The sampling technique used was quota sampling. This research was using mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jazq) seeds etanol extractwith concentration 30% w/v, 50% w/v, 70% w/v, 90% w/v, NaCl 0.9% (negative control), and albendazol 0.5% (positive control).Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation test to determine correlation between concentration of mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) seeds etanol extract and amount of worms death. Probit analysis has been done to find LC50. Results: Pearson correlation test showed significant result p=0.00 and strong correlation r = 0.87. Probit analysis results showed LC50mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) seeds etanol extract was 40.66% w/v. It means that 40,66% concentration of mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) seeds etanol extract can cause the death of half sample. Conclusions:Mahagoni(Swietenia mahagoni Jacq) seeds etanol extract had effects to the mortality of Ascaris suum Goeze in vitro with strong correlation between additional amount of extract concentration and amount of worms with LC50value= 40,66% w/v. Keywords :Antihelminthic, Swietenia mahagoni Jacq, alkaloid, Ascaris suum Goeze
Pengaruh Ekstrak Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) terhadap Kadar LDL Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diberi Diet Tinggi Lemak Rukmana Wijayanto; Suhanantyo .; Novan Adi Setyawan
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of disability and early death in the world. Increasing of blood LDL level is one risk factor for atherosclerosis that can develop into cardiovascular disease.Yam Bean contains isoflavones, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins which have hipolipidemic effect. This study aimed to determine the effect of Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract on blood LDL level of rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a high fat diet. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory using post-test only with control group design. The subjects were 30 male Sprague Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) rats, two-months old with 130-240 grams of body weight (BW) that were divided into 6 groups randomly. Group KN was administered a normal diet, while K(+) was administered a high fat diet and simvastatin 0.18 mg/200 g BW/day. The group K(-) was administered aquadest and a high fat diet, while group P1, P2 and P3 were not only administered Yam Bean extract 70 mg, 140 mg and 210 mg/200 g BW/day, in a row, but also a high fat diet. High fat diet was cows brains which was administered 2 ml/200 g BW/day. Administration of Yam Bean extract, simvastatin, and high fat diet were performed for 21 days. Blood samples were taken on 22nd day at plexus preorbitalis. The LDL level was measured by CHOD-PAP method. Data were analyzed by One way ANOVA test and the Least Significance Difference (LSD) test (?=0.05). Results: The highest LDL level was on group K(-), followed by P1, P2, K(+), P3, while the lowest was KN. One way ANOVA test showed p=0.001. Whereas LSD test showed significant differences among each other groups (p<0.05) except between the group K(+) and P3 (p=0.174). Conclusion: Yam Bean extract showed a significant effect on blood LDL level of rats with a high fat diet. Increasing the dose of Yam Bean extract had positive correlation on decreasing blood LDL level of rats with a high fat diet. Keywords: Yam Bean extract, LDL, high fat diet
Efek Nefroprotektif Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) pada Mencit Model yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Nur Hidayah; . Suyatmi; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Soursop Leaf (Annona muricata L.) contains active compounds that have antioxidant effects consisting of flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, triterpenoid and steroid. The aim of this research is to know the protective effect of Soursop Leaf Extract on the renal histological damage of mice induced by paracetamol Methods: This study was experimental research with the post test only controlled group design. Samples were 30 male Swiss webster mice, 2-3 months old and 20 g of body weight. Samples were divided randomly into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice. The normal group (KN) and negative control group (KKn) were given distilled water for 14 days. KP1, KP2, and KP3 were given soursop leaf extract in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg, and 22.4 mg per g of body weight of mice, respectively, for 14 days. Paracetamol in dose 5.07 g per 20 g body weight of mice were given to KKn, KP1, KP2, and KP3 on the 12th ,13th ,14th days. On the 15th day mice were sacrificed and then renal organ were taken for histological preparation and stained with HE. Renal histological features were assessed based on quantifying of necrotic cells (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis) of 50 epithelial cells from proximal tubule of right and left renal organ. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and continued with Post Hoc (LSD) test. Results: The means of necrotic cells for KN, KKn, KP1, KP2, and KP3 were 8.17, 38.58, 26.92, 21.08 and 11.67, respectively. The One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference of renal damage score in five groups with p = 0.000. The Post Hoc LSD test also showed significant difference among five groups, p = 0.000. Conclusion: Soursop leaf extract can prevent the histological damage of renal cells on mice induced by paracetamol. Keywords: Soursop leaf extract, paracetamol, renal histological damage
Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) Infection has no Relations with Anemia on Childrenin SDN Barengan, sub-district Teras, Boyolali Aryanda Widya Tazkagani Salsabila; Paramasari Dirgahayu; Amandha Boy Timor Randita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: STH infections with prevalence degree of 28% become a problem in Indonesia societies, especially those who are trapped in low socio-economic level. The infection often affects children because children commonly lack of knowladge about personal sanitation, and their innate immune response has not well developed yet. STH infection can cause deficiencies of calories and protein, it also can cause anemia. An area with high humidity level like sub-district Teras in Boyolali is such a comfortable place for STH to grow rapidly. This study aimed to investigate whether there were any relation between STH infection and anemia on children in SDN Barengan, sub-district Teras, Boyolali. Method: This was an Observational analityc research with cross sectional approach. This research took place in SDN Barengan, sub-district Teras, Boyolali. Sampling technique for this research was undertaken with technique of purposive sampling. It took qualified students that met criterias, from first grade until fifth grade. The data were taken from feces examination by formol ether concentration method, hemoglobin examination by cyanmethemoglobin method, parents socio-economic demographic questionnaire, personal sanitation questionnaire, and foodrecall. The research was obtained as many as 74 research subjects, and analyzed by chi square. Result: The data showed 35 children (47.3%) were positively infected by STH disease and 11 children (14.9%) positively suffer anemia. The analysis of data showed that there was no significant relations between STH infection and anemia, p = 0.431. Analysis of most dominant factor that affects STH infection was bad habbit of barefooted with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, anemia disease was mostly caused by lack of protein intake with p = 0.048 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: STH infection has no significant relations for increasing the prevalence of anemia on children in SDN Barengan, sub-district Teras, Boyolali. Keywords: soil-transmitted helminth infection, anemia, primary school children
Hubungan Antara Onset Terjadinya Menopause Dengan Status Perkawinan Katarina Bernadet Dinda Sekar Melati
Nexus Biomedika Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Elderly women will experience a condition due to the aging process called menopause. The onset of menopause in one woman to the others is diverse depending on its modifying factors. Marital status is suspected as one of modifying factors besides the environmental factors like pollution and radiation, smoking, obesity, numbers of children and chemotherapy. Bogor, one of the city in West Java, has 452 women with unmarried status which are on the edge of menopause. This purpose of this research is to understand the correlation between onset of menopause and marital status. Methods: This research used analytical observational studies with cross sectional approach by using purposive sampling technique which had been done in June until July 2011. The number of samples was 60 women coming from six region of Bogor who were appropriate to the required inclusion criteria. The data was collected through interviewing and answering the questionnaire by respondent. The data as a result were analyzed statistically by Chi Square analysis by using SPSS 17.0. Results: The result of Chi Square analysis was 4,286 as X2 count. This result was more than X2 table for the standard of significance 5% and the degree of freedom 1, which was 3,841 (p<0,05). From counting of Odds Ratio (OR) the result was 3. Conclusions:. There was a relation between onset of menopause and marital status. Unmarried woman would face early menopause onset three times higher than the married ones. Keywords: Onset of Menopause Marital Status
The Combined Effects of Garlic Extracts (Allium sativum) and Olive Oil (Olea europaea) on Cholesterol Levels Anindita Hasna Intan Pramono; Endang Ediningsih; Siti Ma&#039;rufah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction:Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that cause 56% of ischemic heart disease. The increasing prevalence of degenerative diseases raise the trend of people to seek treatment that is less expensive and easier to obtain, such as garlic extracts (Allium sativum) and olive oil (Olea euopaea). This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of garlic extracts and olive oil to decrease blood cholesterol levels. Methods: This study was experimental with pretest and posttest controlled group design, performed at the Laboratory of Pharmacology University of Setia Budi Surakarta. The subjects were 30 male rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 3 months, weighing less than 200 grams, were divided into 5 groups randomly. All groups received high cholesterol diet 14 days before pretest and 28 days during the treatment period. Group I as a negative control untreated. Group II as a positive control group received simvastatin 0,18 mg, Group III, IV and V received a dose of garlic extract successively 0.08 g, 0.16 g and 0.24 g and 0.45 ml dose of olive oil. The data was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon. Results: The result showed the decreasing of total cholesterol (p = 0.015) and LDL (p = 0.014) were significant before and after treatment in each treatment group. In the positive control group did show a significant reduction in total cholesterol compared with the treatment group I (p = 0.347), II (p = 0.251), and III (p = 0.347). While the levels of LDL decline in the positive control group and the treatment also did not differ significantly, with the value of the treatment group I (p = 0.347), II (p = 0.465), and III (p = 0.347). Conclusion:Garlic extracts (Allium sativum) and olive oil can lower blood cholesterol levels of white rats (Rattus norvegicus)similar withsimvastatin effect. Keywords: blood cholesterol, garlic extracts, olive oil

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