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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dalam Mencegah Kerusakan Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Gentamisin Pratama, Rio Nanda; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita; Hikmayani, Nur Hafidha
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: The use of medicinal plants has been increasing in recent years following development of herbal industry and evidence on adverse effects of several chemical drugs, including nephrotoxic effect. Research on herbs with nephroprotective effect are needed to offer alternative therapy for drug-induced renal diseases. Mangosteen pericarp extract contains xanthone which has antiinflammation effect to prevent renal damages. This research aimed to examine the nephroprotective effect of mangosteen pericarp extract on renal structure. Methods: This research was a laboratory experiment with posttest only controlled group design. Subjects were white male Wistar-strain rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 2-3 months and weighed 150-230 grams. Subjects were randomly divided into five treatment groups. Normal control group was treated 0.5% NaCMC, while negative control group was treated nothing. The treatment groups 1, 2 and 3 were treated with extract of mangosteen pericarp at doses of 62.5 mg/kg-BW, 125 mg/kg-BW, and 250 mg/kg-BW, respectively. The treatments were maintained for 2 weeks. In the second week, the negative control group and the treatment groups 1, 2, and 3 were induced by gentamicin 100 mg/kg-BW. The subjects were later terminated and their kidneys were stained with hematoxicylin eosin. Histopathological renal damages were semi-quantitatively assessed by identification of pyknotic, karyorrhexic and karyolytic areas in proximal tubulus cells and were compared using one-way ANOVA test and followed by LSD test. Result: Result of one-way ANOVA test showed that proximal tubulus cellular damage differed significantly across five groups (p < 0.001). LSD tests further showed a significant difference between negative control group and other groups (p < 0.001). Renal damage in normal control group also differed significantly from those of treatment group 1 and 3 (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between normal control group and treatment group 2 (p = 0.972). Conclusion: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp extract could prevent histopathological renal damage in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced gentamicin. Keywords: Mangosteen pericarp extract, Renal histopathology, Gentamicin.  
Pengaruh Ekstrak Air Buah Nanas terhadap Ekspresi Caspase-3 dan Fragmentasi DNA Sel Adenokarsinoma Kolorektal WiDr Pribadi, Sintin Khotijah; Budiani, Dyah Ratna; Pesik, Riza Novierta
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most diagnosed neoplasm in the world. Many approaches have been taken for therapy, especially targeted therapy. However, the resistance event still occurs due to constitutive activation of intracellular signaling. In the other hand, pineapple fruit [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] has bromelain enzyme that can specifically influence intracellular signaling and not only lead to inhibit proliferation but also lead apoptosis induction in neoplasm cell. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of pineapple fruit aqueous extract to caspase-3 expression and DNA fragmentation of apoptosis process in WiDr colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory study with the post test only control group design. The samples of this research were WiDr colorectal adenocarcinoma cells divided into 6 groups: Negative control group, Positive control group with doxorubicin 5 μg/ml and four Treatment groups with 270 μg/ml, 202.5 μg/ml, 135 μg/ml and 67.5 μg/ml of extract concentration, each. The samples were incubated for 48 hours in 37oC and 5% CO2. The caspase-3 expression was determined by cytologic score of samples stained with caspase-3 antihuman antibody. The DNA fragmentation was determined by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The cytologic score was analyzed by one way ANOVA test and LSD test. Result: The result showed that there was significant difference between Positive control group and the other groups (p=0.000), but there wasn’t significant difference between the Negative control group and the Treatment groups (p>0.05). The result from electrophoresis showed that there wasn’t DNA fragmentation in WiDr colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Conclusion: The pineapple fruit aqueous extract did not increase caspase-3 expression and did not lead DNA fragmentation to WiDr colorectal adenocarcinoma cells for 48 hours of treatment. Keywords: pineapple fruit aqueous extract, WiDr colorectal adenocarcinoma cell, caspase-3 expression, DNA fragmentation  
Delesi Gen APOBEC3B pada Pasien Human Immunodeficiency Virus di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Kindi, Ekkim Al; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background:HIV infection on human can get inhibition from intrinsic factor. Human can produce antivirus protein which is encoded by APOBEC3 gene. APOBEC3B (A3B) is one of APOBEC3 protein, which cannot be degradated by HIV vif protein. Therefore A3B protein is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication. But, A3B gene can get a deletion, which can decrease its effect in inhibiting HIV infection.The aim of this study was to find correlation between CD4 cells count in A3B gene deletion-positive respondents and A3B gene deletion-negative respondents. Methods: There were 51 HIV patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta on November 2011, which were included as our respondents. We take respondents’s blood and were isolated their DNA. Then, we run in PCR with deletion primer (Deletion_F dan Deletion_R) to detect if there was a deletion in A3B gene sequence. We run electrophoresis in 1% agarose gel with Loading Quick ФX174/HaeIII 72-1353bp as a marker. Then, we visualized the gel on Gel Documentation and was interpreted. Data of A3B gene deletion, respondents’s description, HIV RNA detection, and CD4 cell count were analysed with Chi Square. Results:About 36 respondents (70.6%) were positive for deletion in A3B gene. Four of them were positive for HIV RNA detection. The average of CD4 cells count in respondents, who were positive for A3B gene deletion, was 426.86 ± 407.4 cells/µl and the others were 496.93 ± 573.0 cells/µl (p = 0.782). There were no correlation (p > 0.050) between A3B gene deletion in female respondents and CD4 cells count. A3B gene deletion was more likely to be found in female respondents (OR = 2.286; 95% CI : 0.669 – 7.808). Conclusions:There were no differences between the average of CD4 cell counts in A3B gene deletion-positive respondents and A3B gene deletion-negative respondents. Keywords:Polymorphism, Deletion, APOBEC3B, HIV  
Uji Ekstrak Daun Kumis Kucing Dalam Menurunkan Kadar Alanin Transaminase pada Mencit yang Diinduksi Minyak Goreng Pemanasan Berulang Meidiana, Steffi; Prasetyo, Diding Heri; sarsono, .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Backgrounds: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth leaves contain various antioxidants like flavonoids, organic acids, and terpenoids. The main active chemical substances which are derived from flavonoids, namely sinensetin, and non-flavonoids, namely rosmarinic acids, have antioxidants activities as free radical scavengers. This study aimed to determine the effects of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth leaves extract in decreasing the levels of ALT in male strain Swiss webster mice induced by reheated cooking oil. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with a post test only controlled group design. The samples were 25 male strain Swiss webster mice, 2-3 months old and + 25-30 grams weight, each. Samples were taken incidentally sampling, arranged into 5 groups randomly, consisted of 5 mice each group. The control group (K) was administered distilled water and treatment group 1 (P 1) were administered reheated cooking oil. While treatment group 2 (P 2), treatment group 3 (P 3) and treatment group 4 (P 4) were consecutively administered 3.5 mg, 7.0 mg and 14.0 mg/25 gr BW of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth leaves extract and reheated cooking oil for 14 days. On the 15th day, blood samples were drawn from the mice through plexus retroorbitalis using microtubuler tube then their ALT levels were measured. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test (LSD) (α = 0.05). Results: Mean rate of alanin transaminase level in group K, P 1, P 2, P 3 and  P 4 were  54.600 + 7.765 U/L;  – 95.000 + 23.537 U/L; 62.200 + 7.463 U/L; 60.400 + 6.427 U/L and 57.400 + 10.922 U/L, in a row. Conclusions: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth leaves extract decreased alanin transaminase level in mice induced reheated cooking oil. Keywords: ALT, Orthosiphon stamineus Benth leaves extract, reheated cooking oil.  
Pengaruh Ekstrak Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diberi Diet Tinggi Lemak Fuad, Himmatul; Suhanantyo, .; Setyawan, Novan Adi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Yam Bean contains flavonoids, isoflavones, phenols, alkaloid, ascorbic acid and saponins which have the effect of antihyperlipidemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract on blood triglyceride level of rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a high fat diet. Methods: This research was a true experimental laboratory research using the post test only with control group design. This research subjects were 30 male white rats, Sprague Dawley strain, 2 months old, and about 137-238 gram of their weight. The subjects were divided by random into 6 groups. The whole groups were adapted for 7 days. After a week, all groups except normal control group, were administered high fat diet 2 ml/200 gram BW/day for 21 days. In addition, the positive control group were also administerd 0.18 mg/200 g BW/day of simvastatin, while the negative control groups were administered 2 ml/200 g BW/day of distilled water. The first, second and third treatment groups were consecutively administered 70 mg, 140 mg and 210 mg/200 g BW/day of  Yam Bean extracts. In the 22th day, the blood samples of the subjects were taken from pre-orbital plexus to assess their triglyceride levels. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test and Least Significance Difference test (LSD). Results: The One-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in blood triglyceride level among six groups (p = 0.001). Whereas, Post Hoc test showed a significant difference among all groups, except the third treatment group which had no significant difference (p=0.768) to the positive control group. Conclusions: Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract significantly reduced blood triglyceride levels of rats. Keywords: Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract, triglyceride levels, white rats. 
Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Manggis dalam Mencegah Peningkatan Kadar Blood Urea Nitrogen pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Gentamisin Winiasih, Putri Ayu; Hardjanti, Endang Sri; Hikmayani, Nur Hafidha
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Gentamicin, which is often used for infection treatment against aerobic Gram negative bacteria, is known having nephrotoxic effects through the inflammation mechanisms. Mangosteen pericarp has antioxidant activity and antiinflammation properties which attenuates oxidative stress, inflammatory and fibrotic pathways, hence it potentially prevents renal damages. Gentamicin-induced renal damages can be measured from elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract on BUN levels in Wistar rats induced by gentamicin. Methods: This was an experimental study with pre- and posttest controlled group design. Thirty white male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks and weighed 135-170 grams were randomly divided into three groups. Normal control group (P1) was administered  orally with Natrium Carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC) 0.5%. Negative control group (P2) got intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of gentamicin at total dose of 100 mg/kgBW. Treatment group (P3) was induced by gentamicin and 125 mg/kgBW mangosteen pericarp extract. The extract was administered orally thirty minutes after gentamicin injection for ten consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from retroorbital veins and BUN levels were measured at day 0 and day 11. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests (α=0.05). Results: One-way ANOVA test showed no significant difference in pretest BUN levels among three groups (p=0.902). At day 11, BUN level in P2 group was significantly higher than those in P1 and P3 groups. Tukey’s multiple comparison test further showed significant difference between P1-P2 and P2-P3 (p<0.001). No significant difference of BUN level was found between P1-P3 (p=0.386). Conclusions: Mangosteen pericarp extract could significantly prevent the elevation of BUN levels in Wistar rats induced by gentamicin. Keywords: mangosteen pericarp extract, gentamicin, BUN 
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana, Linn.) dalam Mencegah Peningkatan Kadar Kreatinin Darah pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Gentamisin Prakoso, Surya Adhi; Hardjanti, Endang Sri; Hikmayani, Nur Hafidha
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Gentamicin may cause nephrotoxicity and inhibits blood creatinine excretion. Xanthone from mangosteen pericarp has antioxidant and antiinflammation effects and can potentially protect kidney from inflammatory-mediated gentamicin’s nephrotoxicity. Gentamicin-induced renal damage can be identified from the elevation of blood creatinine levels. The purpose of this research was to find the potential of mangosteen pericarp extract to prevent the elevation of blood creatinine levels. Methods: This was an experimental research with pre and posttest controlled group design. Samples were 30 male Wistar-strain rats, 2-3 months old with approximately 200 gram of weight. Samples were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group (KN) administered Na CMC 0.5% orally, negative control group (K-) administered gentamicin 100 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally, and treatment group (KD) administered gentamicin 100 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally and 125 mg/kgBW mangosteen pericarp extract orally. Blood creatinine levels were assessed before treatment and 10 days after treatment by spectrophotometer. Data collected were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: There was significant difference of blood creatinine levels before and after treatment among the three groups (p<0.001). Mann-Whitney tests showed statistically significant differences of creatinine level between KN-K- and KD-K- (p<0.001). No significant difference of blood creatinine levels was found for KN-KD comparison(p=0.06). Conclusion: Mangosteen pericarp extract at dose of 125 mg/kgBW prevented the elevation of blood creatinine levels in Wistar rats induced by gentamicin. Keywords: mangosteen pericarp extract, gentamicin, blood creatinine level  
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis F.) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Model Diabetes Melitus Winarti, Gresmita Rindi; Nurwati, Ida; Hikmayani, Nur Hafidha
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that causes increased free radical activity in the body. Excessive free radicals contribute to diabetes complications. The free radicals will react with lipids and then they can form malondialdehyde. This free radicals can be neutralized by antioxidants. Breadfruit (Atrocarpus altilis F.) leaf contains flavonoids and phenolics which serve as antioxidants. This research aimed to determine the effect of breadfruit leaf extract on malondialdehyde levels in diabetic rats. Methods: This was an experimental research using posttest only control group design. Subjects were 30 male white rats, three months old with average body weight of 160-200 g. Subjects were randomly divided into five treatment groups: Normal group, negative control group, treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III. All subjects of the groups, except normal group, were induced by 65 mg/kgBW streptozotocin (STZ) and 230 mg/kgBW nicotinamide (NA). Each subjects in normal and negative control group were administered 2 ml/kgBW/day Natrium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC), whereas treatment groups I, II, and III were administered breadfruit leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kgBW/day, 400 mg/kgBW/day, and 800 mg/kgBW/day, respectively. The treatments were done for 14 days. Malondialdehyde levels were measured from blood samples collected via retro-orbital veins. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U tests (a=0.05). Results: Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference of MDA levels among five groups (p<0.001). Statistically significant differences of MDA levels were further found in all pairs of two-group comparisons, except between the negative control group and the treatment group I (p=0.690). Conclusion: Breadfruit leaf extract could decrease malondialdehyde levels in diabetic rats induced by STZ-NA. The dose of 800 mg/kgBW/day of breadfruit leaf extract showed the greatest effect. Keywords: Breadfruit leaf extract, MDA, Diabetes mellitus 
Deteksi Gen TIMP-2 pada Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa Lidah dari Spesimen Blok Parafin Anshorie, Muhammad Rama; ., Pradipto subiyantoro; Nirmala, Vita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background : Tongue cancer is the most common intraoral site of cancer occurs throughout the world. When it is diagnosed at early stages of development, the tongue cancer has 80 to 90 % survival rate. Although it has a high survival rate, most patients were diagnosed at a late stage. The purpose of this study was to detect the gene as an inhibitor of cancer cell metastasis factor in a paraffin block sample. Method : This research utilized DNA isolated from 14 parafin blocks which served as samples. First, the DNA were amplified using PCR with appropiate primer. Then electrophoresis were performed to detect the presence of TIMP-2 gene in all of samples. Result : TIMP-2 gene was not detected in all of 14 samples. Summary : This research showed that TIMP-2 gene was not found on agarose gel, indicating that TIMP-2 gene was not present in all of the samples. 
Uji Efektivitas Sterilisasi dan Desinfeksi Ventilator Mekanik Di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Indraputri, Rizky Saraswati; Saptawati, Leli; Setijanto, Eko
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: Mechanical ventilator is a semicritical equipment that often contacts with mucous membrane or skin. The use of mechanical ventilator for long term can cause some complication, one of them is Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) which is the common nosocomial infection in ICU. Sterilization and disinfection of mechanical ventilator decrease microorganism infection. Every hospital has their own sterilization and disinfection procedure of mechanical ventilator. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of sterilization and disinfection of mechanical ventilator at RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross sectional design. Samples were taken from swab and circuit rinse of mechanical ventilator tube after sterilization and disinfection with storage and without storage process. A total of 30 samples were sampled for each tube and circuit based on the rule of thumb with consecutive sampling technique. Data were analyzed descriptively and tested using Chi Square test. Result: There were 30 samples from circuit rinse which were negative from contamination. In tube swab, there were 8 samples positive from contamination. In 15 samples of tube swab without storage process, there were 2 positive samples and 13 negative samples from contamination. In 15 samples of tube swab with storage process, there were 6 positive samples and 9 negative samples from contamination. The microorganisms of contaminants were Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The statistical analyses showed no significant relationship between both storage processes either sterilization or disinfection of mechanical ventilator and microorganism contamination (p = 0.226). Conclusion: Sterilization and disinfection of ventilator circuit at RSUD Dr. Moewardi are effective. While sterilization and disinfection of mechanical ventilator are not yet effective. There is not a significant relationship between storage and the effectiveness of either sterilization or disinfection of mechanical ventilator. Keywords: sterilization, disinfection, mechanical ventilator  

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