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INDONESIA
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics
Published by Himpunan Fisika Medis dan Biofisika Indonesia
ISSN : 23552727     EISSN : 23552719     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Medicine & Pharmacology Physics
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics is a gold open-access journal and serves as official publication media of the Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine, IAPM (Aliansi Fisikawan Medik Indonesia, AFISMI). JMPB publishes articles with the general concern on the application of physics in medicine and the biological system. The role of physics highlighted in the journal can be of theoretical, experimental, or clinical nature. Review and original articles in radiation oncology, diagnostic and interventional radiology, nuclear medicine, biomaterial, physical biology, physical modeling of biological system, and other related sciences are welcome. Any opinions stated on the articles published in JMPB are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policy of IAPM/AFISMI unless otherwise stated.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 69 Documents
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Designing an analysis system for imaging process from bone scintigraphy as a potential predictor for validation of bone metastases Herlina Zainal; Hanif Afkari; Alexander Agung; Gani Gunawan
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 8, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Cancer is a disease that is the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2012, there were 8.2 million deaths caused by cancer. Cancer suffered by patients can metastasize to other body parts, such as the lungs, liver, brain, and bones. The risk of bone metastases becomes higher after cancer has spread to other body tissues, so it is necessary to do more specific bone examinations. Bone scintigraphy is one of the applications from nuclear medicine that utilizes 99mTc radioactive material as a radio-pharmaceutical for bone scanning examinations. Bone scintigraphy is done to determine the presence of metastases in the bone caused by cancer. This bone scan is an image capture method with high sensitivity but has the disadvantage of not clearly distinguishing the presence of hotspots that appear due to metastases, trauma, or other abnormalities in the bones. This research aims to create an analysis system design based on image processing scripts using MATLAB. Medical physicists and nuclear medicine technicians can later use this system to conduct quantitative analysis as a reliable predictor system that validates visual analysis of hotspots suspected of being metastasis of cancer. Based on the result, prediction of the presence of bone metastasis by quantitative analysis using digital image processing techniques can be made. With a significance level of 5%, a prediction results using the analysis system design are compatible with the results of the diagnosis obtained from the medical record data of the patient of (85.67% ± 12.71%).
Load displacement simulation of CP-Ti/UHMWPE hip implant Handoko Handoko; Suyitno Suyitno; Rini Dharmastiti; Rahadyan Magetsari
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 8, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Hip implant made from titanium is special due to its lower modulus of elasticity to avoid stress shielding with the human bone. One type of load the material designed to withstand is a gradually increased compressive force which happened when the patient change his/her position from sitting to standing. This study examined the capability of a metal on polymer (MOP) implant made from commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) loaded up to 3 kN according to ISO 14242 standard. Two CP-Ti/UHMWPE MOP models with femoral diameter of 22 mm and 32 mm were simulated with finite element. The results expressed in load displacement curves were validated with compressive load experimental tests. Both materials are capable to withstand the load. Simulation data are in good agreement with the experiments.
Analysis of the use of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) based on piezoelectric lithotripter for kidney stone Dedy Setyawan
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 8, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-surgical method that can be used to break stones in the urinary tract or kidney stones by focusing the shock wave from outside the body on the location of the stone. In its application, ESWL is classified as theranostics by applying the principles of medical physics in determining the location of kidney stones and biophysics in the therapeutic process. This study aimed to analyze the use of ESWL to treat kidney stones in Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang hospital. The ESWL machine analyzed was the ESWL PIEZOLITH 3000 Triple Focus, which used the Richard Wolf piezoelectric lithotripter, with serial number GA-A 175. This analysis was carried out by combining the results of the method of literature research, observation, and interview. Based on the results of the research, the therapy with the ESWL PIEZOLITH 3000 Triple Focus uses a shock wave generated by the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric crystals that are arranged like a mosaic in a spherical cup and are then activated simultaneously by a pulse generator. During the observation from July 18, 2017 to July 27, 2017, the smallest dimension of the treated stone was 6 x 6 mm and the largest was 10 x 15 mm. The number of shock waves used is the same with an average of 4000. The power, frequency, and membrane pressure are adjusted with the patient's body condition. Various criteria and contraindications must be met to determine a candidate for a patient to gain satisfactory results. The therapy levels include the pre-therapy procedure, therapy implementation, and post-therapy. The success rate of therapy and the rate of retreatment are determined by the type of stone, the location of the stones, and the density of the stones.
Validation of a Newly Installed Secondary Independent Dose Verification System Philip Kioko Ndonye; Samuel Nii Adu Tagoe
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 9, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Abstract: The aim of the study was to validate a newly installed Mobius 3D (M3D) quality assurance software for use as a secondary independent dose verification system for comparison with an Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) data of 3D conformal radiotherapy treatment (3D CRT). It is recommended that a secondary MU/dose calculation using a secondary method other than the TPS be performed. A total of 138 treatment fields resulting from 103 patients were planned on the TPS for treatment by 3D CRT. The treatment plans data created on the Eclipse TPS were then exported to the M3D independent verification system and results for both systems were compiled as the output of the M3D system. Percentage 3D Gamma passing rate, mean PTV and OAR dose, the percentage difference between PTV and OAR dose for both systems were generated on the M3D secondary system and the results analyzed. The 3D Gamma passing rates for the 138 patient fields verified had been analyzed graphically and had a mean gamma passing rate of 98.7±0.6 %.  For a treatment plan verification to be acceptable, a minimum gamma passing rate of 95% needs to be achieved. The percentage Gamma passing rates for the patients were well above the minimum acceptable limit of 95% as seen on the graphical results. 3D Gamma passing rates for the 138 patient treatment fields analyzed and verified had a mean passing rate of 98.7±0.6 % which was well above the minimum acceptable limit of 95% and in agreement with published data. The PTV and OAR data for the percentage difference between M3D and TPS were within Action and Tolerance levels determined and thus the M3D system was validated as a secondary independent treatment plans checker for the Eclipse TPS treatment plans at the institution.
Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) Deteksi Nodul Paru-Paru dari Computed Tomography (CT) Osas Lisa Istifarinta; Prawito Prajitno; Djarwani Soeharso Soejoko
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 9, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Nodul paru merupakan pertumbuhan jaringan abnormal pada paru yang digunakan sebagai diagnosis dini kanker paru. Kanker paru-paru adalah kanker yang paling banyak ditemukan dan mematikan di dunia. Umumnya, deteksi pertama nodul paru diperoleh dari citra CT yang didiagnosis secara visual oleh ahli radiologi. Artinya subjektivitas individu radiologis berpengaruh dalam citra diagnosis tersebut. Untuk membantu ahli radiologi dalam mendeteksi dan mengevaluasi nodul paru pada citra CT secara otomatis, penelitian ini telah mengembangkan sistem Computer-Aided Detection (CAD). Sistem CAD menggunakan metode segmentasi Otsu, dengan ekstraksi fitur Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) sebagai input untuk klasifikasi nodul. Algoritma Random Forest digunakan untuk membedakan antara normal dan abnormal pada citra CT, khususnya citra dengan kelainan nodul paru. Evaluasi estimasi keberadaan nodul paru pada sistem dilakukan menggunakan Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) dengan sensitivitas 95%.Kata Kunci: CAD, CT dada, Deteksi nodul paru, Random Forest
Analisis pengaruh penggunaan unsur sensitizer terhadap peningkatan dosis dalam radioterapi kanker serviks menggunakan PHITS Andhika Pinastika Muhammad; Mochammad Rafli Irwan
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Salah satu tantangan dalam radioterapi adalah memberikan dosis radiasi yang tinggi pada kanker dan memastikan organ sehat di sekitarnya mendapatkan dosis rendah. Modalitas pendukung radioterapi yang dapat meningkatkan efek dosis yang diterima kanker secara lebih akurat adalah dengan penggunaan radiosensitizer. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan unsur sensitizer terhadap dosis serap dalam radioterapi pada kasus kanker serviks. Penelitian berbasis simulasi dilakukan menggunakan program PHITS dengan memodelkan computional phantom penyusun kanker serviks beserta organ di sekitarnya. Unsur sensitizer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah unsur aktif emas, perak, gadolinium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, dan bismut, yang disinari foton dengan energi 6 MV dan 10 MV. Unsur dengan nomor atom tinggi dipilih untuk digunakan karena kemampuan serapan energinya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kemampuan serapan energi sel-sel sehat pada umumnya. Konsentrasi yang digunakan untuk masing-masing unsur adalah 30-150 mg/mL jaringan dengan interval 30 mg/mL. Penambahan unsur sensitizer dalam simulasi dilakukan dengan memvariasikan fraksi massa penyusun sel kanker setelah ditambahkan sensitizer. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, peningkatan dosis serap paling tinggi terjadi ketika dilakukan penambahan unsur bismut dengan konsentrasi 150 mg/mL baik ketika kanker disinari foton energi 6 MV maupun 10 MV dengan nilai faktor peningkatan dosis serap sebesar 1,0115 untuk energi 6 MV dan 1,0214 untuk energi 10 MV. Secara umum nilai faktor peningkatan dosis meningkat seiring bertambahnya konsentrasi untuk masing-masing unsur. Selain itu diketahui juga bahwa semakin besar nomor atom unsur yang digunakan maka semakin besar juga faktor peningkatan dosis yang diperoleh.
Modeling of Head Linear Accelerator (LINAC) for Study of Photon Beam Characteristics Based on GEANT4 Nurul Qomariyah; Freddy Haryanto; A Waris; R Subroto; I WA Makmur; Rahadi Wirawan
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

A linear accelerator (LINAC) is an external radiotherapy device commonly used to treat cancer. This study aims to model the LINAC head to determine the characteristics of the photon beam generated by LINAC using a GEANT4-based Monte Carlo simulation program approach. The initial stage of the research is to build a LINAC head model. The LINAC head geometry consists of: electron source, tungsten target, flattening filter, primary collimator, X-jaw and Z-jaw, and multi-leaf collimator (MLC). The second stage is simulation data acquisition (running-beam on). In the simulation, physical interactions are in the form of empenelope, electron source particles with a pencil beam model, 0.01mm set cuts, beam on 5 x 107 history, particle energy with variations of 6 MV, 9 MV, and 12 MV, and the measuring area in a water phantom 40cm × 40cm × 40cm. This study uses a source skin distance (SSD) of 100 cm, and a radiation field area of 10cm × 10cm. The simulation results obtained a histogram of the energy spectrum distribution, percent depth dose (PDD), and beam profile (BP). The simulation results show that the energy spectrum of the third variation has the same pattern with peak energies of 0.3646 MV, 0.3837 MV, and 0.3976 MV, respectively, and the average energy of the photon beam is 0.7196 MV, 0.7745 MV, and 0.7763 MV. The value of PDD and BP gets higher along with the energy source. The simulation results show that the model can explain the differences in the photon characteristics of each energy variation.
The comparison of attenuation factor of 99mTc and 153Sm radionuclides in planar image using Mediso InterViewTM XP and ImageJ Adni Ahyani; Syarifatul Ulya; Muzilman Muslim; Prasetya Widodo; Nur Rahmah Hidayati; Heru Prasetio
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Planar imaging quantification is a method in internal dosimetry studies that is needed in the preparation and post-therapy evaluation stages. The attenuation factors are needed in Conjugate View Method to obtain accurate image quantification results. In nuclear medicine installation, the high workload of integrated software slows the quantification process, so it is necessary to advance alternative software that is portable and has high accuracy. This study aims to compare the result of attenuation factors using InterViewTM XP and ImageJ plug-in software. The study was conducted by observing attenuation of 99mTc and 153Sm, which have 1, 2, 4, and 25 mCi activities on water slabs phantom with thickness variations of 1–10 cm using a Mediso Anyscan S equipped with Low-Energy High-Resolution collimator. Radionuclides activity measurement was performed using a dose calibrator. The energy window of each radionuclide is adjusted to the spectrum range in the gamma camera software. Image quantification was executed with InterViewTM XP and ImageJ plug-in software. The attenuation factor is obtained by plotting a graph between count versus slab thickness. Analysis result using InterViewTM XP and ImageJ software sequentially is 0.140 ± 0.007 cm-1, 0.140 ± 0.009 cm-1 (99mTc), and 0.128 ± 0.004 cm-1, 0.128 ± 0.004 cm-1 (153Sm) at activity range 1–25 mCi. The result of Paired Samples t-test between ImageJ towards integrated InterViewTM XP software shows that the value of Significance (2-tail) > α; thus, H0 is accepted. It is concluded that ImageJ software is quite accurate in determining the value of attenuation factors.
Analisis Perbedaan Pembacaan Nilai Uji Kesesuaian Pesawat Sinar-X Radiografi Umum menggunakan Multimeter X-Ray Raysafe dan Radcal R. Silvia Putri Raharja Effendi; Wuwus Ardiatna; Freddy Haryanto
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Penggunaan pesawat sinar-X secara terus-menerus berakibat pada penurunan efisiensi kinerja, maka perlu dilakukan Uji Kesesuaian untuk menjamin mutu fungsi kerja alat. Multimeter X-ray dengan jenis berbeda menunjukkan hasil pembacaan pengukuran berbeda terhadap pesawat sinar-X yang sama dalam satu rentang waktu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menentukan besar perbedaan pembacaan nilai yang diperoleh dari dua multimeter X-ray berbeda. Metode penelitian mengacu pada Pedoman Teknis Uji Kesesuaian Pesawat Sinar-X Radiografi Umum Nomor KU/PD/DKKN/04/1. Parameter yang diuji yaitu akurasi tegangan pada 40, 50, 60, 70 dan 80 kVp dengan pengaturan konstan 0,100 s dan 80 mA, akurasi waktu pada 0,025; 0,050; 0,080; 0,100 dan 0,125 s dengan pengaturan konstan 50 kVp dan 200 mA, linearitas keluaran pada 20, 25, 40, 50 dan 80 mA dengan pengaturan konstan 70 kVp dan 0,100 s, reproduksibilitas pada pengaturan 70 kVp, 200 mA dan 0,100 s. Pembacaan nilai uji dilakukan secara bergantian. Diperoleh nilai error terbesar akurasi tegangan pada merk Raysafe sebesar 2,60% dan Radcal 1,60%, error terbesar akurasi waktu pada Raysafe 1,20% dan Radcal 3,64%, nilai CL merk Raysafe dan Radcal sebesar 0,04. Nilai CV untuk tegangan, waktu dan dosis pada Raysafe dan Radcal menunjukkan nilai yang sama yaitu sebesar 0,00; 0,00 dan 0,01. Kemudian uji-t pada hasil pembacaan uji reproduksibilitas dengan confidence level 95% menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan pembacaan nilai yang signifikan dari multimeter X-ray Raysafe dan Radcal.
Penentuan mean glandular dose (MGD) pada pesawat mammografi dengan target/filter tungsten (W) dan rhodium (Rh) Muhammad Buchori Amin Kartani; Irfan D Sanjaya
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Telah dilakukan perhitungan dosis rata-rata glandular (Mean Glandular Dose) pada pesawat mammografi merk GE Senograph Crystalnova milik Mayapada Hospital Surabaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran strategi optimasi dosis radiasi pada pemeriksaan mammografi dengan penentuan mean glandular dose (MGD) menggunakan filter Tungsten (W) dan target Rhodium (Rh) di Mayapada Hospital Surabaya. Perhitungan MGD menggunakan metode dari IAEA Technical Report Series 457, dengan memperhitungkan nilai yang keluar pada output dosis pesawat mammografi, faktor kombinasi target /film dan konversi koefisien yang digunakan MGD payudara standar 50 mm dari 50% glandularitas. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari hingga Juni 2022 dengan 27 sample data. Faktor eksposi yang digunakan yaitu dengan rentang 27-30 kV dan didapatkan dosis terendah 0,45 mGy pada ketebalan (thickness) 27 mm glandular dan terbesar  3,79 mGy pada ketebalan 78 mm, sesuai dengan rekomendasi dari Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Amerika, American Collage of Radiology (ACR) dan Mammography Quality Standarts Act (MQSA). Terdepat 2 sample yang melebihi 3 mGy, disebabkan ketebalan glandular melebihi nilai yang direkomendasikan yaitu 78 mm dan 86 mm. Pemeriksaan mammografi Mayapada Hospital Surabaya menggunakan target/filter Tungsten (W)/ Rhodium (Rh) sesuai dengan prinsip optimisasi radiasi yaitu penerapan penggunaan dosis radiasi serendah yang dapat dicapai secara wajar (as low as reasonably achievable).

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