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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Cytokines Disregulation in Birds and Mammals Infected by Avian Influenza Virus Dyah Ayu Hewajuli; NLPI Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 26, No 1 (2016): MARCH 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) virus causes severe dysfunction in nervous system lead to mortality in birds and mammals. The innate immunity plays an important role as initial barrier against the infection that stimulated by recognition of pathogens through Toll like Receptor (TLR). TLR activates Nuclear Factor-kappa B cascade pathway. Cytokines are mediators to initiate, proliferate and regulate inflammation against the virus infection. They are classified according to their activities or target cells, such as interferons, interleukins, chemokines, colony stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factors. The gene expression of cytokine was found in different organs of chicken and mammals infected with HPAI and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) virus to express immune response against infection. The HPAI and LPAI viruses cause up-regulated and down-regulated cytokines, disruption of cell mediated immune response lead to increased AI virus pathogenicity. The objective of this review is to describe disregulation mechanism of cytokines that increase AI virus pathogenicity in birds and mammals.

Integrated Bali Cattle Development Model Under Oil Palm Plantation Rasali Hakim Matondang; C Talib
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 3 (2015): SEPTEMBER 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Bali cattle have several advantages such as high fertility and carcass percentage, easy adaptation to the new environment as well. Bali cattle productivity has not been optimal yet. This is due to one of the limitation of feed resources, decreasing of grazing and agricultural land. The aim of this paper is to describe Bali cattle development integrated with oil palm plantations, which is expected to improve productivity and increase Bali cattle population. This integration model is carried out by raising Bali cattle under oil palm plantation through nucleus estate scheme model or individual farmers estates business. Some of Bali cattle raising systems have been applied in the integration of palm plantation-Bali cattle. One of the intensive systems can increase daily weight gain of 0.8 kg/head, calfcrop of 35% per year and has the potency for industrial development of feed and organic fertilizer. In the semi-intensive system, it can improve the production of oil palm fruit bunches (PFB) more than 10%, increase harvested-crop area to 15 ha/farmer and reduce the amount of inorganic fertilizer. The extensive system can produce calfcrop ³70%, improve ³30% of PFB, increase business scale ³13 cows/farmer and reduce weeding costs ³16%. Integrated Bali cattle development may provide positive added value for both, palm oil business and cattle business.

Financial Analysis of Various Small Scale Duck Business Wibowo, Broto
WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 26, No 2 (2016): JUNE 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The development of duck farming in Indonesia significantly increases because of the higher demand of duck products. Duck farming has been developed throughout Indonesia, however it has not been evenly distributed because most of duck population are located in Java, which reaches 20,657,778 birds or 47.1% of the national duck population. Several business opportunities based on duck farming are: (1) Duck farming to produce consumption and hatching eggs; (2) Egg hatching to produce day old duck, either male or female duck; (3) Raising duck to produce pullet duck; (4) Fattening to produce male duck (three months old); (5) Production of salted egg; and (6) Egg distribution. These businesses are economically feasible.

Technology in Feeding Management to Increase Ruminant Productivity Budi Haryanto
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 4 (2015): DECEMBER 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Traditional feeding management in ruminants is defined by allowing the animal to find their own feed, consisted of raw materials of grasses and leguminous foliages as much as possible (ad libitum) to get a high productivity; however, it needs longer period of time to reach maximum level of production. An advanced feeding management of ruminant is defined as: (1) Processing feed ingredients to improve the nutritive value; (2) Supplementing the animal with substances into the dietary formula to manipulate the rumen ecosystem either by reducing the protozoa population, increasing the concentration of certain nutrients, changing the rumen characteristics; and (3) Changing the site of digestion of the nutrients to increase the absorption and feed utilization. Many research works have been carried out to evaluate the effects of process technology on the efficiency of feed utilization. Improving feeding management will increase livestock production.

Synchronization of Protein and Energy Supply in the Rumen to Improve Low Quality Feed Efficiency Yenny Nur Anggraeny; H Soetanto; Kusmartono .; Hartutik .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 3 (2015): SEPTEMBER 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Agricultural by-products which can be used as source of roughage, have some limitations as they contain low crude protein and low dissolved organic material and high crude fiber. Synchronization of nutrients through supplementation can provide a positive effect on microbial protein synthesis, especially on ruminants fed low quality forage. Contribution of protein from rumen microbes is essential for feed management based on agricultural by product. Microbial protein can supply 70-100% of the total protein available for ruminants fed low quality feed. Microbial protein has amino acid profile which is ideal to meet ruminant’s requirement. This paper describes synchronization of protein and energy supply in the rument that has been applied by several countries. Application of this synchronization in Indonesia is still limited on: (1) Arranging the use of feedstuffs through the ratio of forage and concentrate; (2) Supplementation of protein and energy sources; and 3) Feeding frequency regulation. The application of synchronization through the use of feed ingredients based on degradation level and its index value is still limited due to lack of data on protein and energy degradation of feed ingredients used in Indonesia. Therefore, the information on the degradation value of protein and energy of feed ingredients in Indonesia is necessary in order to optimize the use of low quality feed ingredients.

The Role of Point-of-Care Test to Control Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Indonesia Simson Tarigan
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 26, No 1 (2016): MARCH 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Rapid diagnosis followed by stamping out protocol has proven to be the most effective means of eradication of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1. The standard of AI tests are PCR and virus isolation, however their results often take times to initiate rapid eradication protocol. For that reason, a point-of-care (POC) test which is a rapid test used at the location of outbreak (where mortality and morbidity of poultry occur), to help field officer for identification of AI. This paper describes several techniques for detection of HPAI H5N1 virus, POC test and principal mechanism of lateral flow immunoassay which has been generally used in POC test. At present, POC test for HPAI H5N1 rather low sensitivity and expensive, therefore, further research is needed to improve its sensitivity of the tool.

Indonesian Dairy Industry Perspective Within the ASEAN Economic Community Atien Priyanti; Tjeppy D Soedjana
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 4 (2015): DECEMBER 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Many of Indonesian main manufacturing industries based on agriculture should be more responsive to the challenging domestic and global strategic environment, including the newly emerging ASEAN economic community (AEC) which will be effectively implemented by the end of 2015. Dairy industry in Indonesia is a very potential business to play significant role in the ASEAN market based on the existing dairy population, feed resources and the number of dairy farmers. Recently, small and medium enterprise (SME) model in Java has been developed for processing milk. They provide higher farm gate prices under partnership agreement which created a good benchmark and business model for the future dairy industry to adopt. This new attractive business environment gives higher return to the farmers as opposed to the tradition of paying low farm gate milk prices. As feed represents 80% of the total production cost, special attention must be given to land availability to increase feed supply in terms of quality and quantity. Consequently, sustainable support from both central and local government is very critical to keep the partnership model between farmers and the SME milk processing. It also opens new opportunity to increase the linkage more closely between producers and milk processing plants.

Utilization of Phytase to Overcome Phytic Acid in Broiler Diet hidayat, cecep
WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 26, No 2 (2016): JUNE 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Phytic acid has been considered as an antinutrient in broiler diet due to its strong chelator of divalent minerals. Phytic acid has ability for binding positively charged proteins, amino acids, and/or multivalent cations or minerals. The resulting complexes are insoluble, difficult to be hydrolyzed during digestion in poultry, and thus, nutritionally less available for absorption. The reduction of phytate activity can be carried out by phytase supplementation. The application of phytase with respect to animal feed supplement is reviewed in this paper. Application of phytase in broiler diet may liberate cations and other nutrients bound by phytate-P complexes resulting in improved production parameters in broilers. This is because phytase supplement increased nutrient (protein, minerals, amino acid, energy, and carbohydrate) digestibilities and availabilities. Overall, phytase could increase nutrient utilization in broiler, hence, increase the economic efficiency of broiler production and reduce the phosphor pollution to the environment. Â Â Â

Revitalization of Forage Seed Production in Indonesia Nurhayati D Purwantari
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 26, No 1 (2016): MARCH 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Forage plant has multipurposes as feed, cover crop, erosion control, remediation on heavy metal contaminated soil, medicine, as well as textile and food coloring. Seed is a part of plant used for plant multiplication. National seed system covers germplasm management, breeding, seed production and its distribution. Therefore, forage seed production is an important aspect to be concerned. Forage seed production system has to produce high quality seed with optimum yield. There has not been any forage seed producer which ensures the quality of seed produced in accordance to seed certification requirement as those in food crop, horticulture or estate crop. Seed quality aspect covers genetic, physiology and physical quality. Seed stock certification is to guarantee that the distributed seeds have genetic identity, pure and high quality.

Utilization of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) from Papua as an Alternative Feedstuff to Substitute Corn Siska Tirajoh
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 3 (2015): SEPTEMBER 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Papua foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is a plant which has been used as a source of carbohydrate, but it has not been used optimally. High demand in consuming corn as a poultry feeds provides an opportunity for Papua foxtail millet to be used as a substitute for corn in feed. Evaluation of nutritive values and antinutrient shows that Papua foxtail millet potential to be used as feed stuff. Studies on cultivation technology, evaluation of the nutritive values and antinutrient and its benefits as an alternative feed are relatively limited. The results shows that the Papua foxtail millet contains dry matter (88.37%), ash (0.86%), protein (12.07%), fat (2.76%), crude fiber (1.93%), metabolizable energy (3,139 kcal/kg) and anti-nutritional factors (3.07% of phytate and 0.01% of tannins). Several studies reported that the use of Papua foxtail millet at various levels (25-100%) in feed, can substitute corn and give a positive response on consumption, daily weight gain, feed conversion, carcass composition and percentages and egg production. It can be concluded that the Papua foxtail millet can be used as a corn substitution in poultry feed.

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA