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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Animal and Human Leptospirosis in Indonesia Kusmiyati .; Susan M Noor; Supar .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2005): DECEMBER 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Leptospirosis is a disease caused by Leptospira spp. infection. It is a zoonotic disease that is world-widely distributed, particularly in the tropics, including Indonesia. Infected animals are the source of leptospirosis for humans, and these animals are secreting pathogens into the environment. The clinical signs off leptospirosis may vary from mild to severe and dead tray occur without a proper treatment. Due to the unspecific clinical sign, laboratory examination is required. However, isolation and identification the organism is time-consuming. Serological test is the most frequent way to confirm the clinical diagnosis, to determine prevalence in the community, and to conduct epidemiological studies. Vaccination with the appropriate antigen is used for controlling leptospirosis in animals. The multivalent Leplospira vaccine in Indonesia is developed according to the different types of serovar found in the field. The use of the appropriate vaccine combined with a good sanitation management could control leptospirosis in animals in the future. Key words: Leptospirosis, zoonosis, diagnosis, control

Environmental Management for Poultry Farm Sri Rachmawati
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Attention has to be given to farming management, housing and waste handling in order to achieve an efficient farming and also to maintain a good environmental quality. A literature review was conducted to find out kinds of waste discharged from poultry farm, the effect of waste to environment and health and its handling and monitoring methods. Environmental problem of poultry farm comes from manure that causes bad odor. The source of odor is from the formation of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases, nitrate, and nitrite during decomposition process of manure. Air polluted by those gases can cause disturbance to chicken health and people who live near the farm. Ammonia can inhibit the growth of chicken and cause eyes irritation and respiratory problem to human being. Methods of odor handling using zeolite, lime, and microorganism have been attempted. Those materials, which are added into manure, can reduce the formation of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases. The manure can also be used as an organic fertilizer, and the farmer obtains good benefit from it, because it has high nitrogen content. To maintain a good environmental quality, especially from manure odor, continuous environmental monitoring has to be done that involving people who live around the farm. Their perception about manure odor has to be taken into consideration and they are also asked to report any problems caused by the pollution of manure odor. Key words: Handling, manure, monitoring

Identification and Characterization of Marek’s Disease Virus Serotype 1 Using Molecular Approaches Risza Hartawan; NLPI Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 1 (2015): MARCH 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Marek’s disease is an important disease in the commercial poultry farm and causes significant economical loss. The disease is characterized by syndrome of paralysis and neoplastic formation in various organs and tissues in the host. The etiological agent is Marek’s disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1). Eventhough the outbreaks in the field are well controlled by vaccination, several cases in the vaccinated flocks indicating virus evolution into more pathogenic strains. Therefore, monitoring of the disease circumstance in the field is indispensable for guiding better policies in disease controlling program. This paper describes several molecular methods that have been developed for identification and characterization of MDV-1. The identification and characterization of newly found virus strain in the field can be done by in vivo challenge test which is a conventional method especially to determine pathogenecity. However, this method requires several stages with time consuming procedures. The development of alternative methods for identification and characterization of MDV-1 viruses has been conducted mainly using molecular biology approach. Several molecular methods give satisfying result and have been implemented in both laboratory and field condition. Key words: Marek’s disease virus serotype 1, identification, characterization, molecular

The Role of Animal Serum Bank in Investigating Animal Diseases by Seroepidemiological and Retrospective Studies Indrawati Sendow
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 2 (2012): JUNE 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Serum bank is a place to collect sera from random collection as a representative population for a long period and still maintain its characteristic of biochemical and immunological aspects. Serum Bank can store many sera from different species of animals from different areas. National and regional serological surveys can be done relatively in short period, without the need of skilled human resources and budget to collect the sera from the field. Hence, the basic information or seroepidemiological and retrospective studies can be obtained within in a short time. Serum Bank at Research Institute for Veterinary Science (RIVS) consists of survey and sentinel collections which were conducted by RIVS staffs, regional livestock services, Disease Investigation Center and farmers. This paper will describe the role, management, the advantages of Bank Serum and its problem. Due to its importance, Serum Bank needs to be maintained to keep its function for other purposes. Key words: Serum Bank, serum collection, animal diseases

Using Artificial Insemination Technology in Goats Surya Natal Tambing; Muhamad Gazali; Bambang Purwantara
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

In general, local goat productivity in Indonesia is relatively still lower than that from the temperate area. Yearling body weight in local goat about 14-17 kg. However, the local goat have superiority, such as adaptability and a good reproductive performance, which have litter size 1,49-1,61. Increasing local goat productivity may be done by breeding program (cross breeding and selection) and the environmental improvement. Both cross breeding program and selection that involve mating regulation will be efficient by reproductive technology application, such as artificial insemination (AI). Application of AI in goats is limited by four main factors that influence simultaneously, viz. poor quality of frozen semen, the variety of female reproductive performance, improper technical and insemination time, and poor management. To overcome these constraints his obligatory to pay more attention, so that AI will be able to be used as one of tools to increase the population and genetic quality in goats. Key words: Goat, reproductive efficiency, artificial insemination

The Importance of Copper Mineral in Animal Body Relating to Animal Disease Zainal Arifin
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 2 (2007): JUNE 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Copper is one of the micro elements that has very important roles in the process of body metabolism. Some enzymes are bound with copper and iron in the formation of blood haemoglobin. Copper deficiency in animal body will cause inappropriate function of the enzyme system, so that metabolism and physiological systems of the body will not work normally and if copper is in excess, it will cause toxicity which then destroys body tissues causes troubles in blood formation, Therefore, it is clear that copper has an important role in the process of living, hence monitoring its concentration in the blood is important to maintain animal health. Key words: Copper, deficiency, toxicity, health

Development of Recombinant Vaccine Using Herpesvirus of Turkey (Hvt) as Vector for Several Viral Diseases in Poultry Industry Risza Hartawan
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 1 (2011): MARCH 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) has been utilised as live vaccine against Marek’s disease in poultry industry world-wide for many years. However, the potency of HVT is not limited on the Marek’s disease only. Along with rapid development of recombinant technique, the potency of HVT can be broaden for other diseases. As naturally apathogenic virus, HVT is a suitable candidate as vector vaccine to express important antigens of viral pathogens. Several researches have been dedicated to design HVT recombinant vaccine by inserting gene of important virus, such as Marek’s disease virus (MDV), immuno bursal disease virus (IBDV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Avian Influenza virus (AIV). Therefore, the future recombinant of HVT has been expected to be better in performance along with the improvement of recombinant technique. Key words: Herpesvirus of turkey, live vector vaccine, viral pathogens

Colibacillosis in Chickens: Etiology, Pathology and Control Tarmudji .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 2 (2003): JUNE 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Colibacillosis in poultry is an infectious disease of birds in which Escherichia coli is the primary or secondary pathogen. The disease affects broiler and layer of all age groups, but is more frequent in young than mature. Many outbreaks occur in poultry raised under low standard of sanitation, poor environmental conditions or after a respiratory or immunosuppressive disease. There are three serotypes of E. coli, O1:K1, O2:K1 and O78: K80, and other serotypes that have been identified in organs of sick birds, feed, drinking water and litter from farms in the area of Java and Bali. E. coli is present in normal intestines of bird and is distributed widely in faeces. Birds are continuously exposed through contaminated faeces, water, dust and environment. Diagnosis of colibacillosis is based on clinical picture, pathognomonic lesions (septichemia, airsacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis) and isolation of E. coli. Outbreaks are usually as the result of a combination of etiological factors including the presence of other infections such as Swollen Head Syndrome (SHS), Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD), Newcastle Disease (ND), etc. Treatments are usually effective if given early and antibiotic sensivity testing is advised where applicable. To prevent Coli bacterial infection should be taken on an improved farm management. Hatchery sanitation/ desinfection procedure should be practiced. Vacination program is undertaken to protect against immunosuppressive and respiratory disease. Key words: Colibacillosis, poultry, etiology, pathology, control

Enhancing the Feed Capacity of Horticulture Agro-Ecosystem Through Technology for Goat Production Simon P Ginting
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 3 (2011): SEPTEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The availability of feed and their efficiency of use throughout the year represent the most important constraint affecting the productivity of animals in any agro-ecosystems. Beside being the largest contributor to the total production cost, logistically feeds need to be available on a daily basis across the animal’s life time. In order to be competitive, goat production system must be directed toward the optimum utilization of inconventional feedstuffs such as crop residues and agro-industrial by-products. The horticulture crops provide various crop-residues and by products from the processing of its main products. These biomass are potential feedstuffs that could be used to support the production of goats. The processing of passion fruits (Passiflora edulis) yield by products such as fruit shells and seeds. These products are good energy and protein sources for growing goats. Oriental radish (Raphanus sativus) by-products composed by damaged root parts and culls have high digestible energy and low ether extract content, but have very high moisture content. The pineapple by-products composed by the peel and bagasse of the fruit could be used as energy source for goats. Other horticulture by-products or residues such as citrus pulp, abandoned citrus fruit, forages from Ipomea batatas are of great potential as feeds for goat production. Preserving technology like ensiling could be implemented in utilising those biomass categorized as wet by-products such as pineapple and oriental radish by-products. The technology of complete feed is an effective means in utilizing some of those products with relatively low palatability or to increase its inclusion level in diets. Introducing shade-tolerant forage species as intercrops such as Stenotaphrum secundatum, Brachiaria humidicola and Arachis pintoi in the citrus plantation should increase feed capacity of the area. The multi-purpose trees such as Indigofera sp. and Calliandra calothyrsus both are adaptable to the high altitude area are valuable feeds due to their high nutritional quality. Generation of technology that could maximize the utilization of those biomass as feeds for goat production is necessary. Some technologies that are relevant to that purposes including: 1) ensiling with appropriate inoculants that create optimal fermentation to preserve the product and to prolong the aerobic stability of the silages; 2) ensiling with appropiate absorbants for maximum effluent retention, intake and preference of the silage; 3) the utilization of fibrolytic bacteria; 4) utilization of fibrolytic enzymes in complete feed; and 5) supplementation strategy to optimize the rumen function for maximum utilization of basal diets. Because most of the feedstuffs mentioned above relatively vary in their nutritional quality and quantity, it is suggested that feed budget system, which is based on the availability of feed rather than the feeding standard system which is based on the animal’s nutrient requirement is a more relevant feeding system for goat production. Key words: Feeds, horticultures, technology, goats

Pesticide Residues in Animal Products: Problems and its Alternative Prevention Indraningsih .; Yulvian Sani
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 1 (2004): MARCH 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Pesticides as agrochemicals are used to control plant diseases, however the use of pesticides may cause poisoning for human health and non-target animals, residual formation in animals and crops, and environmental contamination (soils and water). The impacts of pesticide are generally due to excessively or inappropriate use of pesticides. The surveillance on pesticide residues and/or contamination in animal products, crops and environment conducted in West Java and Lampung shows that some pesticide residues were detected in milk from West Java (Bogor and Pangalengan) including lindane, heptachlor, diazinon and endosulfan. In general, the pesticide residues in milk ofBogor were below the maximum residue limits (MRL), but two pesticide residues in milk of Pangalengan: diazinon (239 ppb) and heptachlor (60,3 ppb) appeared to be sufficiently high for human consumption. Some pesticide residues were also detected in meat, liver and fat of cattle in Bogor and Lampung. Both organochlorine and organophosphate residues were detected in samples of Bogor including: lindane (not detected/nd-135,5 ppb) and diazinon (nd-754,4 ppb) in meat; lindane (nd-16,7 ppb), diazinon (nd-969 ppb) and endosulfan (nd-191,8 ppb) in liver; and diazinon (nd-908,1 ppb) in fat. The residue level of diazinon detected in meat, liver and fat appeared to be higher than the MRL level. On the other hand, there was only organochlorine being detected in meat of Lampung. Regarding to pesticide residues being detected in soils, the source of contamination was then suspected from the contaminated soils where fodders being grown (grass, cabbages and corn). By-products of cabbage and corn are commonly used as animal feed for dairy and beef cattle respectively. The organic fanning system can be used as an alternative to minimise agricultural land contamination and pesticide residues in agricultural products. The low pesticide residues in agricultural by-products were able to reduce pesticide residues in animal products (meat and milk). The possibility of pesticide contamination should be taken into account in using agricultural by-products for animal feed to prevent pesticide residual effects in animal products. Key words: Residue, pesticides, minimalization, animal, organic

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Journal Mail Official
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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

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Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA