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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Efficacy, Mechanism and Antiviral Resistance of Neuraminidase Inhibitors and Adamantane against Avian Influenza Dyah Ayu Hewajuli; NLPI Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 29, No 2 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Vaccination and antiviral drug are often used to control influenza. However, the effectiveness of vaccine was impaired due to the emergence of new variant of virus strain. Antiviral drug consists of prophylactic and curative substances, namely M2 ion channel inhibitors (adamantane; amantadine and rimantadine) and neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs; oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, laninamivir). The synthesis and modification of antiviral neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) and adamantanes increased the antiviral effectiveness. The mechanism of the neuraminidase inhibitor is to prevent influenza infection by inhibiting the release of the virus from internal cells. Adamantane is antiviral drug that selectively inhibits the flow of H+ ions through M2 protein to prevent the uncoating virus particles getting into the endosome. The substitution of (H275Y, S247N, I223L, K150N, R292K, I222T, R152K, R118K, E119V) on NA protein caused resistance of avian influenza virus against the neuraminidase inhibitor. The combination of mutations (S247N, I223L, K150N) increased the resistance of influenza A (H5N1) virus. The diffusion of adamantane resistance varies among HA subtypes, the species of host, the period of isolation, and region. Mutations at residues of 26, 27, 30, 31 or 34 transmembrane M2 protein caused adamantane resistance. The unique substitution (V27I) of M2 protein of clade 2.3.2 H5N1 subtype isolated in Indonesia in 2016 has been contributed to the amantadine resistance. Antiviral combination of M2 ion channel inhibitors and neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors is effective treatments for the resistance.

Potency Of Clitoria Ternatea As Forage For Livestock Endang Sutedi
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 2 (2013): JUNE 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Availability of forage is one of the factors determining the success of ruminant livestock production, especially during drought that resulting in poor livestock condition. Forage legume is an important group of forage plants, containing high nutritive value. One of the legume plants which potential as ruminant feed is Clitoria ternatea. This plant can grow well in all types of soil and dry conditions, also produces seed continously. The production of forage was 25-29 ton DM/ha with seed production was 2.2 ton DM/ha per harvest (42 day cutting interval). The crude protein and crude fiber contents of C. ternatea leaf were 21.5 and 29%, respectively. Meanwhile, the crude protein, crude fat and sugar contents of C. ternatea seed were 25-38,10 and 5%, respectively. This plant can be fed to ruminant as fresh forage or hay with no negative effect on growth performance of animal. The average daily gain of cattle grazing on mixture of Brachiaria mutica grass and C. ternatea was 680 g/day. The value of DM and OM digestibilities of C. ternatea in cattle were 50.15 and 53.47%, respectively. Feeding C. ternatea to dairy cow impoved the content of fat and total solid of milk, meanwhile feeding it to male sheep improved quality of semen.Key words: Clitoria ternatea, animal feed

The Influence of Ecological Factors on the Transmission and Stability of Avian Influenza Virus in the Environment Dyah Ayu Hewajuli; NLP I Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 3 (2014): SEPTEMBER 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Ecology is a science studying the correlation among organisms and some environmental factors. Ecological factors play an important role to transmit Avian Influenza (AI) virus and influence its stability in the environment. Avian Influenza virus is classified as type A virus and belong to Orthomyxoviridae family. The virus can infect various vertebrates, mainly birds and mammals, including human. Avian Influenza virus transmission can occur through bird migration. The bird migration patterns usually occur in the large continent covers a long distance area within a certain periode hence transmit the virus from infected birds to other birds and spread to the environment. The biotic (normal flora microbes) and abiotic (physical and chemical) factors play important role in transmitting the virus to susceptible avian species and influence its stability in the environment. Disinfectant can inactivate the AI virus in the environment but its effectivity is influenced by the concentration, contact time, pH, temperature and organic matter. Key words: Avian Influenza, stability, transmission, ecological factors

Nunukan Chicken: Genetic Characteristics, Phenotype and Utilization Tike Sartika; Sri Sulandari; M S A Zein; Sri Paryanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 4 (2006): DECEMBER 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Nunukan chicken is a local chicken from East Kalimantan which spreads out in Tarakan and Nunukan Islands . The chicken has a specific buff color and Columbian type feather and also has very late feathering (VLF) trait . The Nunukan cocks and hens have no wing and tail primary feather; the tail feathers are short and fragile . The VLF trait is known to have association with a K gene on the Z chromosome. The chicken is efficient in protein metabolism . Sulfur amino acids (cystine and methionine) that needed for feather growth, could be utilized for meat and egg production . The egg production of Nunukan chicken was better than the Kampung chicken . The average of hen day, hen house and peak production of Nunukan chicken was 45 . 39.1 and 62%, respectively, while the Kampung chicken was 35 .9, 30 .9 and 48%, respectively . Based on genetic analysis, the external genotype characteristic of the Nunukan chicken is ii ce ss Idld pp. It means that the phenotype appearance of the Nunukan chicken was columbian and gold feathering type, yellow and white shank color and single comb type. This phenotype is similar to Merawang Chicken . The genetic introgression of the Nunukan chicken is affected by the Rhode Island Red with the genetic introgression value of 0.964 . Key words: Nunukan chicken, character, genetic; phenotype characteristics, utilization

Gender Aspects in Animal Production Kedi Suradisastra; Adriana M Lubis
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Research on women’s role in animal production are often entangled in physical participation although their problems in agriculture include labor force participation and equilibrium, authority in the household, socialization process and access to information, and technological bias. Socially, the limiting factors in their productivity are social status, job opportunity and status, and their simultan role as compared to men’s sequential role. Key words : Role, gender, livestock

The Reclamation of Tailing Area Reclamation in The Mining Area with Forages, is it Possible? N D Purwantari
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Tailings are what’s left over from mining. The rock where copper, gold, silver and other minerals found is ground up into fine particles so that the valuable material can be taken out and refined. The solid waste would affect the environment physically and biologically. Characteristics of tailing are high porosity with low water holding capacity, poor organic matter, poor macro and micro nutrients and no microorganism activity. Therefore, it takes time and requires strategy to manage and change them to a more productive area. Many technologies have been applied to rehabilitate tailing for agriculture. The technologies including the use of manure, compost, mulch, biosolid, chemical fertilizer, microorganism (bacteria, mycorhiza) and phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remediate selected contaminants in the contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, water (ground, surface, waste water). Phytoremediation encompasses a number of different methods that can lead to contaminant degradation, removal or immobilization. Those methods including phytodegradation/rhizodegradation, phytoextraction, phytovolatilization and phytostabilization. The phytoextraction is inexpensive compared with the conventional technology. Some forages have been used for phytoremediation such as Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass), Vetiveria zizonoides (Vetiver grass), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), since they have been known as heavy metal hyperaccumulator plant. Key words: Tailing, reclamation, forage, phytoremediation

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (Ibr) on Cattle in Indonesia and The Strategy For Disease Control R.M. Abdul Adjid; M Saepulloh
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 1 (2010): MARCH 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) caused by Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) infects cattle and widely spreads in Indonesia. The disease infected cattle in breeding centers, artificial insemination centers and also holderfarmers. This infectious disease may cause economical losses primarily due to reproductive failure of infected animals. Recommended strategy for disease control is step by step control with priorities, started from upper to downstream, from breeding and artificial insemination (AI) centers as the first priority, then village breeding centers as the second priority, and the last priority is in cattle owned by smallholders. In the breeding and AI centers, eradication of the disease is carried out by surveilance, excluding reactors, and applying biosecurity. In the village breeding centers, the use of semen for AI should come from centers that free from IBR, the use of bull that free from IBR, surveilance and application of biosecurity. At the farmer levels, IBR control is bone by using semen from AI centers free from IBR and routine vaccination. The final step is performed after evaluating the successful rate and economic impact of the disease control. Key words: Cattle, IBR

Reproductive Technology Application for Increasing Production Performance of Buffalo in Indonesia I Gede Putu
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 4 (2003): DECEMBER 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Research activities on buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) has been widely neglected compared to other animal such as cattle, sheep, goat and poultry not only in Indonesia but also in other ASEAN countries. Buffalo is classified as valuable asset for farmers as sources of additional income, meat and draught animal power in agricultural cultivable land. For the last five years, the buffalo population in Indonesia significantly declined form 3,3 million in 1997 to 2,3 millions in 2001, it is urgently required to accelerate research activities using the existing reproductive technologies to increase productive performances in line with increasing demand for meat. Reproductive technologies produced by the Research Institute for Animal Production Bogor and other Institutions in Indonesia, including estrus synchronization for non cyclic buffalo, semen preservation and artificial insemination, embryo transfer as well as and feeding management could be directly implemented to field conditions to increase productive performance of buffalo in Indonesia. Key words: Buffalo, technology, reproductive, productive performance

Biological Nitrogen Fixation: Perspective and Limitation N D Purwantari
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 1 (2008): MARCH 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The demand of chemical fertilizer, N in particular will be increasing until 2020. In Indonesia, the demand of fertilizer from 1999 – 2002 increased 37.5 and 12.4% for urea and ammonium sulphate, respectively. At the same time, the price of this fertilizer is also increasing and it can not be afforded by the farmer. Other problem in using chemical fertilizer is damaging to the soil and environment. One of the problem solvings for this condition is to maximize biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). BNF is the fixation of N atmosphere by association between soil bacteria rhizobia and leguminous plant. BNF is sustainable and environmentally friendly in providing nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, it would reduce the requirement of chemical nitrogen fertilizer for the plant. Gliricidia sepium fixes 170 kg N/ha/12 months, equivalent with 377 kg urea, Sesbania sesban 179 kg N/ha/10 months, equivalent 397 kg with urea, soybean 26 – 57 kg/2 months equivalent with 57 – 126 kg urea. The amount of N2- fixed varies, affected by species, environmental and biological factors. There are some limitations in applying this technology. The effect of N contribution is very slow at the beginning but in the long term, it would be beneficial for plant production and at the same time, maintain condition of physical and chemical of soil, soil microbes and therefore soil fertility. Key words: Legume, rhizobia, fixation, N2 atmosphere, fertilizer

Potencyand Geneticdiversity of Bali Cattle Eko Handiwirawan; Subandriyo .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2004): SEPTEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Bali cattle are important indigenous cattle due to high population and wide spread in Indonesia. Increasing meat and cattle imports to fulfill the local demand should be able to motivate related parties to improve productivity of Indonesian cattle through good management, including Bali cattle. Several good characteristics are possessed by Bali cattle, particularly the adaptation capability in environment with poor feed quality and they possess good fertility. The government decision to determine Province of Bali is as a protected zone for other cattle breed in order to conserve Bali cattle is very reasonable considering that Indonesia is the gene center of Bali cattle and the first domestication place of Bali cattle . Genetic improvements ofBali cattle have been done at pure breed zone (Province of Bali) through selection and progeny testing at P3Bali and succeeds in obtaining cattle with good Estimated Breeding Value. Elite bulls obtained through the program are expected to be able to entirely improve Bali cattle in Indonesia through Artificial Insemination program. The improvement of genetic quality by crossing with Bos taurus and Bos indicus have been done at livestock sources regions and have been able to produce crossbred having good productivity as final stock. There is tendency to continuously improve the genetic composition ofBos taurus through artificial insemination at farmers level. The ideal genetic composition of crossbred needs to be evaluated to reach optimal genotype composition. Key words: Bali cattle, conservation, genetic improvement

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA