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Al-Ahkam
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
ISSN : 08544603     EISSN : 25023209     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2022.32.1.8825
Core Subject : Religion, Social,
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Al-AHKAM; is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang in collaboration with the Indonesian Consortium of Shariah Scholars (KSSI). Al-AHKAM focuses on Islamic law with various perspectives. This journal, serving as a forum for studying Islamic law within its local and global context, supports focused studies of a particular theme and interdisciplinary studies. AL-AHKAM has been indexed in DOAJ, Google Scholar, and the Indonesia Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (SINTA 2 - SK No. 164/E/KPT/2021). AL-AHKAM has become a CrossRef Member since the year 2016. Therefore, all articles will have a unique DOI number.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 369 Documents
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DINAMIKA HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI NEGARA-NEGARA MUSLIM Hafiz, Muhammad
Al-Ahkam Volume 23, Nomor 2, Oktober, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (335.957 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2013.23.2.23

Abstract

Muslim countries often stuck in a dilemmatic situation between be exclusively with retaining the Islamic principles of human rights through Islamic law or follow the principles of human rights which is regulated internationally through Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The existence of Independent Permanent Commission of Human Rights (IPHRC) as one of the core institutions of organization of the Islamic Cooperation (OIC) intended to be a mediator for the occurrence of constructive dialogue between human rights discourse on one side with Islamic law on the other side. This is the way to reduce dichotomous view that impact on gaps and conflict. The equivalent dialogue continuously between two entities, Islamic law and human rights must always be attempts to open opportunities in more widely shared understanding and in turn will facilitate the achievement of progress and the protection of human rights in Muslim countries. This dialogue also important to remove the negative stigma against Islamic law that is often accused of violating human rights. and also to open space of interpretation to Islamic law that relevance with contemporary life.
MAKNA AHL AL-KITÄ€B DALAM KONTEKS HUKUM PERKAWINAN MUSLIM DAN AHL AL-KITÄ€B Sya'roni, Sam'ani
Al-Ahkam Volume 23, Nomor 1, April, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (286.107 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2013.23.1.71

Abstract

This article intends to (re) discuss about the position of ahl al-kitāb woman in the legal context of her marriage with a Muslim. Although thematically, this study has been carried out by experts, an interpretation approach used in this paper is expected to be as distinctive and produce a unique thought. According to khiṭāb Qur'an, that are called ahl al-kitāb are Jews and Christians. But some scholars expand the meaning scope of the ahl al-kitāb for all faiths whose holy book allegedly from God. Islam does not forbid people to marry with ahl al-kitāb. In other side, who is categorized scribes today is the problem. The controversial would be the root of the difference opinions among scholars that there are scholars who allow and forbid anyone on the basis of beneficiaries contains. However, the ability to marry the ahl al-kitāb is not a recommendation, so the positive and negative impacts should be considered in depth by Muslims.
ISLAM DAN DOKTRIN MILITERISME Fatwa, Ach. Fajruddin
Al-Ahkam Volume 22, Nomor 1, April 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (284.586 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2012.22.1.5

Abstract

Islam is a religion of peace. To reconcile Islam wi th militarism would require an adequate explanation. Although since the beginning of its pr esence, Islam has experienced a variety of physical conflict and war, It does not m ean that Islam gives excessive attention to the establishment of military force as an inhere nt part of life. Military establishment in Islam is due to respond to the many distractions, c hallenges and attacks of the opponent. Islamic military organization is not neatly arrange d entirely. Slowly but sure, military organizations become more organized, slim and effec tive. Likewise, Islamic provisions that regulate matters relating to war is a form of Islamic law which is a real response to the social development. In addition military tradit ion that developed is a real response to physical threats that affecting Muslims. Therefore, Islam intentionally have limited warfare just in the three concrete forms: the time and location of a limited war as well as strict distinction in the treatment of military civ il war.***Islam adalah agama perdamaian. Menyandingkan Islam dengan militerisme sudah tentu membutuhkan suatu penjelasan yang memadai. Walaupun sejak awal kehadirannya Islam telah mengalami beragam konflik fisik dan pep erangan bukan berarti Islam memberikan perhatian berlebihan kepada pembentukan kekuatan militer sebagai bagian inherent dari kehidupan. Pembentukan militerdalam Islam lebih dikarenakan merespon banyaknya gangguan, tantangan dan seranganlawan. Organisasi militer Islam ini tidak sepenuhnya tertata rapi. Perlahan tetapi pasti organisasi militer menjadi lebih terorganisir, ramping dan efektif. Demikian juga, k etentuan Islam yang mengatur hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan perang adalah bentuk konkret respon hukum Islam terhadap perkembangan sosial kemasyarakatan. Tradisi militerisme yang berkembang merupakan respon konkret terhadap ancaman fisik yang menimpa kaum Muslimin. Oleh sebab itu, Islam secara sengaja telah membatasi peperanga n dalam tiga bentuk konkret, yaitu waktu dan lokasi peperangan yang terbatas serta adanya distingsi tegas perlakuan sipil militer dalam peperangan.***Keywords: jihad,  militer, perang, siyāsah
REKONSTRUKSI PEMIKIRAN HUKUM ISLAM MELALUI INTEGRASI METODE KLASIK DENGAN METODE SAINTIFIK MODERN Mahsun, Mahsun
Al-Ahkam Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (233.437 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2015.1.25.191

Abstract

This article discusses methodological thinking about integration deals between classical methods with modern scientific methods in a project of reconstruction of Islamic legal thought. The idea of this paper is motivated by the need for the development of Islamic thought, especially in Islamic law. Philosophically, the real emergence manhaji-eclectic method as a result of integration between the classical methods and modern scientific methods is possible. Implementation of the integration must meet the main prerequisites: first, making al-maṣlaḥah al-'āmmah (public decency) or maqāṣid alsharī’ah as a decisive consideration in seeking a legal aid in three main domains, namely ḍarūriyyah (urgent needs) ḥājiyyah (normal needs), and taḥsīniyyah (complementary needs). The second prerequisite, is the emergence of human consciousness that the classical method will not capable to answer the challenges that change dynamically. While the third, is the willingness of people to change to something new and better, as the implementation of al-muḥāfaẓah ‘alā al-qadīm al-ṣāliḥ wa al-akhdh bi ‘l-jadīd l-aṣlaḥ
FATWA MUI TENTANG VASEKTOMI Tanggapan Ulama dan Dampaknya terhadap Peningkatan Medis Operasi Pria (MOP) Muhyiddin, Muhyiddin
Al-Ahkam Volume 24, Nomor 1, April 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (343.315 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2014.24.1.134

Abstract

This field research aims to determine three things: the background of the changing fatwa  MUI on Vasectomy from ‘haram’ to ‘halal on condition’; responses from the Moslem scholars; and the impact of fatwa on increasing the number of Vasectomy participants in Central Java. The data collection was done by using documentation and interviews while data analysis was done by using descriptive qualitative method. The results of this research are: 1) The reason for the changing fatwa on Vasectomy from ‘haram’ to ‘halal on condition’ is due to a new ‘illat, namely the success of recanalization. 2) Against the new fatwa, Ulama Muhammadiyah approved it by tightening and adding certain requirements. While Ulama NU disagree on the fatwa as evidence of the success of recanalization is considered not convincing (muhaqqaqah). 3) The new fatwa has not been an impact on increasing the number of Vasectomy participants in Central Java.
MODEL APLIKASI FIKIH MUAMALAH PADA FORMULASI HYBRID CONTRACT Murtadho, Ali
Al-Ahkam Volume 23, Nomor 2, Oktober, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (278.466 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2013.23.2.19

Abstract

Modern literatures of fiqh mu’āmalah talk alot about various contract formulation with capability of maximizing profit in shariah finance industry. This new contract modification is the synthesis among existing contracts which is formulated in such a way to be an integrated contract. This formulation is known as a hybrid contract or multicontract (al-'uqūd al-murakkabah). Some of them are, bay' bi thaman 'ājil, Ijārah muntahiyah bi ’l-tamlīk dan mushārakah mutanāqiṣah. This study intends to further describe models of hybrid contract, and explore the shari'ah principles in modern financial institutions. This study found a potential shift from the ideal values of the spirit of shari'ah into the spirit of competition based shari'ah formally.
REKONSTRUKSI MAKNA MURTAD DAN IMPLIKASI HUKUMNYA ibn Smith, Abdur Rahman
Al-Ahkam Volume 22, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (314.391 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2012.22.2.10

Abstract

Riddah interpreted by fuqahā’ as those who leave Islam. The punishment was killed based on hadith “man baddala dīnahu faqtulūh.” That understanding is different from the description of the Qur'an in the related verses that actually gives punishment neither physical, but non-physical. Those verses are: al-Ḥajj: 11, al-Mā’idah: 54, al-Naḥl: 106, al-Nisā’: 137, Āli ‘Imrān: 86, and al-Baqarah: 217. Study of the verses of the Qur’an shows that none of the text with ṣāriḥ-lafẓiyyah approach that lead to aggressive and emotional attitude to the suspect of riddah. On the other hand the Qur’an asserted that the type of the punishment is eschatological and negates physical punishments. This qualitative research will intends to make reconstruction of riddah meaning and its legal implications. With a historical approach, juridical, philosophical, ideological and comparative of the riddah meaning contained in the Koran, hadīth, and socio-historical perspective, then the reconstruction of the meaning of riddah should be understood to be more humane, comprehensive, and in accordance with maqāsid sharī'ah.***Riddah dimaknai oleh ulama fikih sebagai orang yang keluar dari Islam. Hukumannnya adalah dibunuh berdasarkan hadis “man baddala dīnahu faqtulūh.” Pemahaman ter¬sebut berbeda dengan gambaran al-Qur’an dalam ayat-ayat terkait yang justru memberikan hukuman yang tidak satu pun bersifat fisik, melainkan non fisik. Ayat-ayat al-Qur’an tersebut adalah: al-Ḥajj: 11, al-Mā’idah: 54, al-Naḥl: 106, al-Nisā’: 137, Āli ‘Imrān: 86, dan al-Baqarah: 217. Telaah atas ayat-ayat al-Qur’an tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tidak satu pun teks secara ṣāriḥ-lafẓiyyah yang mengarah kepada sikap agresif dan emosional terhadap pelaku riddah. Sebaliknya, al-Qur’an menegaskan sanksinya ber¬sifat eskatalogis; dan menegasikan sanksi fisik. Penelitian kualitatif ini menawarkan upaya rekonstruksi makna riddah dan implikasi hukumnya. Dengan pendekatan historis, yuridis filosofis, ideologis dan komparatif terhadap makna yang terdapat dalam al-Qur’an, hadis, dan sosio-historis yang terkait dengan riddah, rekonstruksi terhadap makna riddah semestinya menjadi lebih humanis, komprehensif dan sesuai maqasid syari’ahnya.***Keywords: riddah, jināyah, implikasi hukum, sanksi hukum
TELAAH KRITIS PUTUSAN SIDANG ITSBAT PENETAPAN AWAL BULAN QAMARIYAH DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF USHUL FIKIH Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
Al-Ahkam Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (225.819 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2015.1.25.196

Abstract

This study aims to criticize the implementation of the Itsbat Conference (a conference determining the beginning of Qamariyah month) implemented by the government through the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Among the important issues is what is the main factor causing the disagreements and how is the position of Itsbat Conference in usul fiqh point of view? Research carried out on the results of Itsbat Conference on Ramadhan and Syawwal in 1381 H - 1434 H / 1962 AD - 2011 AD. The study concluded that the disagreements tend to occur due to the critical height of the new moon and approach in determining the new moon. According to usul fiqh, Itsbat Conference can be seen in multiple perspectives; The first, it is an obligation on the government as a representation of imam, to facilitate and support the implementation of the totality of praying; Second, it is a form of state responsibility to the people to promote unity, especially in the implementation of praying, by minimizing disagreements and conflicts. Thirdly, to realize maslaḥat ‘āmmah, the essence of the maqāṣid al-sharī’ah. Itsbat Conference is one example of maslaḥat ḥājiyyah needed to complete the fasting of Ramadhan, ‘Idul Fitr, and Idul Adha
PROBLEMATIKA YURIDIS LEGISLASI SYARIAT ISLAM DI PROVINSI NANGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM Fauzi, Muh
Al-Ahkam Volume 22, Nomor 1, April 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (361.028 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2012.22.1.1

Abstract

Nanggroe  Aceh  Darussalam  (NAD)  in  the  reform  era  is authorized  returned  to implement  Sharīah (Islamic law). Its authority is justified by the l egal basis: Law No. 44 of 1999 on Privileges of Aceh, Law No. 18 of 2001 on Special Autonomy for the Province of Aceh as Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, and Law No. 11 of2006 regarding the Government of Aceh. From this legal basis, then followed by the formulation of regulations ( Qānūn) at the  provincial  level.  But  legislation  of  implementi ng  shari'ah  law  in  NAD  contains problematic juridical. For instance: determining ofsanctions, in the form of whipping and one or two years imprisonment, considered against legislation in higher level. Another problem is that Syar'iyyah Court positions still below on the Supreme Court (MA) as the highest court. The efforts to open “special room” of Supreme Court in NAD is seen as a solution not to take it below on the Supreme Court, seen a contrary to the laws and regulations  are  higher.  Likewise,  the  competence  of  Syar'iyyah  Court  particularly  in handling a criminal cases is still obscure and there is a clash with the competence of the District Court.***Provinsi  Nanggroe  Aceh  Darussalam  (NAD)  pada  era  reformasi  diberi  kewenangan kembali untuk melaksanakan syariat Islam. Kewenangan ini dilandaskan pada payung hukum berupa UU No. 44 Tahun 1999 tentang Keistimewaan Aceh, UU No. 18 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh sebagai Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, dan UU No. 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh. Payung hukum tersebut kemudian ditindaklanjuti dengan pembuatan Perda atau Qānūnpada tingkat Provinsi NAD. Namun legislasi pelaksanaan syariat Islam di Provinsi NAD mengandung problematika yuridis. Penentuan bentuk sanksi berupa cambuk dan kadar sanksi  berupa  penjara  1  (satu)  atau  2  (dua)  tahun  b ertentangan  dengan  peraturan perundang-undangan  yang  lebih  tinggi.  Problem  lain  adalah  masih  bertumpunya peradilan  Mahkamah  Syar‘iyyah  pada  Mahkamah  Agung  (MA)  sebagai  puncak  peradilan. Upaya pembukaan “kamar khusus” MA di Provin si NAD yang dipandang sebagai solusi agar tidak bertumpu pada MA, justru bertenta ngan dengan peraturan perundangundangan  yang  lebih  tinggi.  Demikian  juga,  kompetensi  Mahkamah  Syar‘iyyah khususnya dalam menangani perkara pidana masih kabur dan terjadi benturan dengan kompetensi Pengadilan Negeri.***Keyword: syariat Islam, Provinsi NAD, Mahkamah Syar’iyyah, yuridis
ISLAM, KORUPSI DAN GOOD GOVERNANCE DI NEGARA-NEGARA ISLAM Umam, Ahmad Khoirul
Al-Ahkam Volume 24, Nomor 2, Oktober 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (409.135 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2014.24.2.146

Abstract

The revitalization of religion function —that some people think— is an effective instrument to fight the cancer of corruption and also the implementation of democratization and liberalization of the market. Value systems, moral teachings and spirituality in religion are considered to be opposite of the corruption characters growing in the contemporary society. The more religiosity of a society leads to the expectation for the lower corruption. However, according to the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) data, we will exactly find a tendency of paradoxical phenomena. For example, in the context of Islamic countries, the high of influence for the Muslims belief to their religion is not directly proportional to the commitment of the corruption eradication in the Muslim populized countries mostly. This phenomenon deserves to be shared reflection, to find the answers of classic questions; why does corruption tend becoming habit of Muslim community who are uphold moral principles and integrity in social life and state? It causes this article to discuss the relationship between religion and corruption in general, and also to elaborate it by dealing with the experience of Islamic countries

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