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INDONESIA
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19784279     EISSN : 25494082     DOI : 10.20473
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 505 Documents
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A Retrospective Study: Risk Factor Analysis of Secondary Bacterial Infection in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis Patients Desiana Widityaning Sari; Sawitri Sawitri; Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan; Dwi Murtiastutik; Linda Astari; Alpha Fardah Athiyyah; Afif Nurul Hidayati
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 33 No. 2 (2021): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikk.V33.2.2021.83-87

Abstract

Background: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a complex multifactorial disease that includes defects in skin architecture, immune dysregulation, and changes of skin flora, and it predominantly occurs in infancy and childhood. The defects in skin barrier structures are mentioned as one of the factors that facilitates bacterial colonization. Bacterial infection in AD can worsen the inflammation. It requires treatment with antibiotics, which takes longer therapy time, higher costs, and ultimately affects the patient’s quality of life and his/her family members. Purpose: To find out the epidemiology, diagnosis, management of AD, and analyze the risk factors of secondary bacterial infection in new AD patients at the Pediatric Dermatology Division, Dermatovenereology Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study with a total sampling method. The research data were medical records of new AD patients at the Pediatric Dermatology Division, Dermatovenereology Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya from January 2012 to December 2018. Result: There were 404 new patients with AD at the Pediatric Dermatology Division from January 2012 to December 2018, and 210 of them were accompanied by secondary bacterial infection. There was a correlation between a history of dry skin (p=0.000) with the incidence of secondary bacterial infection in AD patients. Conclusion: In this study, AD patients with a history of dry skin had a risk of complication such as bacterial secondary infection.
The Effect of Lifestyle on Skin Aging Yasmin Adzra Nabila; Damayanti Damayanti; Samsriyaningsih Handayani; Trisniartami Setyaningrum
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 33 No. 2 (2021): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikk.V33.2.2021.110-115

Abstract

Background: Skin aging is a natural process, and it has many causes. Skin aging can be a result of a process of deterioration of the skin structure and a decrease in normal skin function. As much as 97% of skin aging factors is extrinsic, while the remaining 3% of the factors is intrinsic. Extrinsic factors are closely related to lifestyle; therefore it is necessary to further investigate the effects of lifestyle on skin aging. Skin aging may not have a direct correlation to mortality but the process of aging itself can lead to depression, demoralization, and shame at the extreme to the point of accepting the changes that occur with age. This shows that aging plays an important role in decreasing the quality of human life and youth well-being index, especially in women. Purpose: To determine the effects of lifestyle on skin aging. Methods: This was a case-control study. A case means a person with heavy aging, and control means an individual with mild aging. The data were obtained from medical records and anamneses. Data on lifestyle were collected through interviews with open-ended questions. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were shortlisted, and their skins were examined as per the Glogau scale. Result: Multivariate test results showed significant results on the variable UV light exposure (p = 0.017), use of sunscreen (p = 0.002), use of anti-aging cream (p = 0.036), and Vitamin D (p = 0.040) against skin aging. Meanwhile, other variables showed no significant results. Conclusion: Lifestyle has an important role in the occurrence of skin aging. However, an in-depth research is needed to determine how many external factors affect skin aging.
Erythrodermic Manifestation due to Hyperinfestation of Scabies Sandra Widaty; Martinus Martinus; Yenny Rachmawati
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 33 No. 2 (2021): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikk.V33.2.2021.141-144

Abstract

Background: Scabies is a highly contagious skin disease with various skin clinical presentations. In consideration of its clinical presentations, proper early-onset diagnosis of scabies may not be met, leading to mistreatment and more severe scabies, Norwegian (crusted) scabies. Purpose: To report a case of Norwegian scabies misdiagnosed as eczema in a previously immunocompetent patient. Case: A 32-year-old man was admitted with generalized erythematous skin rash, pruritic, and hyperkeratotic scales of the body. He was previously diagnosed with eczema two months ago and was prescribed both topical and systemic steroid. Skin scales worsened and kept expanding after the treatment. There was a family history of nocturnal itch. Dermoscopic and microscopic examination from skin lesion and scraping with potassium hydroxide revealed the signs of scabies infection. Discussion: Norwegian scabies could be prevented by the correct diagnosis at the early-onset of the disease. Misdiagnosis due to various skin clinical presentations, leading to mistreatment of the infection. In this case, family history plays a role that could elucidate the presence of scabies infection. Conclusion: A correct diagnosis and treatment for the early-phase scabies-infected patient will be beneficial for the patient to prevent hyperinfestation of scabies mites. Specific examination for scabies decreases the possibility of misdiagnosis.
Contact Dermatitis in Tertiary Hospital: A 2-year Retrospective Study Efenina Ginting; Damayanti Damayanti; Deasy Fetarayani; Afif Nurul Hidayati
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 33 No. 2 (2021): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikk.V33.2.2021.88-92

Abstract

Background: Contact dermatitis (CD) is a skin inflammatory caused by allergen or irritant that generates public health impact. CD is classified into two types, based on its etiological perspective, namely allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due to a hypersensitivity type IV reaction and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), which is a non-immunological reaction. Purpose: To determine the profile of CD patients at Dermatology and Venereology Outpatients Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya in January 2018 – December 2019. Methods: A retrospective study by observation and recording data. The results of the data recap were then processed using Microsoft Excel to obtain conclusions.  Result: The results obtained were ACD (61.9%) and ICD (38.1%), aged 26-45 years (32.7%), female (79.3%). The most frequent occupation was housewives (25.3%), followed by private employees (24.5%). The most suspected causative substance was cosmetic (47.7%). The most common skin disease history was food allergy (11%), followed by drug allergy (2.8%), and atopic dermatitis (2.3%). The most frequent manifestation was acute (69.8%), with the most clinical presentation was erythematous macules (35%). Most therapies were given in combination (73.6%), with antihistamines (61%) and topical corticosteroids (49.2%) were the most prescription drug. Conclusion: ACD was more common than ICD, mostly in a female, dominated in the 26-45 years old. Housewife was the most occupational. Cosmetic was the most suspected causative substance. Food allergy was the most skin disease history. Acute was the most frequent manifestation. Erythematous macules were the most clinical presentation. Antihistamine and corticosteroid are the most common drug in combination therapy.
The Profiles of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) Patients in Tertiary Hospital William Andrew Isaac; Damayanti Damayanti; Nurmawati Fatimah; Afif Nurul Hidayati
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 33 No. 2 (2021): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikk.V33.2.2021.116-122

Abstract

Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe eruptive skin reactions that can cause death. The incidence of SJS and TEN cases in the United States is 1.5–9.6 per 1,000,000 per year. Drugs are the primary etiology of SJS and TEN. Some drugs are at high risk and used frequently. The SJS and TEN mortality rates were relatively high, with SJS 4.8%, SJS / TEN overlap 19.8%, and TEN 14.8%. In Indonesia, there are lack of studies on the SJS and TEN. This study is needed to determine the epidemiological profile of SJS and TEN. Purpose: This study aimed to describe SJS and TEN patients' profiles. Methods: Drug-induced SJS and TEN cases from January 2016 to December 2019 were evaluated from the medical records patients' profile, incidence, suspected drugs, risk factors, and comorbidities of SJS and TEN were described. Result: There were 28 SJS and TEN patients, comprising of 24 SJS patients (85.7%), 3 TEN patients (10.7%), and 1 SJS overlapping TEN patients (3.5%). The most common suspected drugs were paracetamol (22.2%), carbamazepine (20.4%), cefadroxil (8.8%), and ciprofloxacin (8.8%). Women (53.5%) experienced more severe drug eruptions than men (46.4%). The largest age group was 25–44 years (35.7%). Most comorbidities were epilepsy (21%), diabetes (15.7%), hypertension (15.7%), and stroke (15.7%). Conclusion: The most common manifestation was SJS with paracetamol as the most common suspected drug, followed by carbamazepine.
The Profile of Type 1 Leprosy Reaction at Leprosy Division of Dermatology and Venerology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia Brigita Ika Rosdiana; Linda Astari; Astindari Astindari; Iskandar Zulkarnain; Damayanti Damayanti; Budi Utomo; M. Yulianto Listiawan
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 33 No. 3 (2021): DECEMBER
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikk.V33.3.2021.168-172

Abstract

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Type 1 leprosy reaction is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction caused by the increased response of cellular-mediated immunity to the Mycobacterium leprae antigen on the skin and nerves with a reversal result. The clinical manifestation includes inflammation which can cause skin and nerve lesions, swell, to permanent disabilities. Purpose: To describe the demographic and clinical profile of type 1 leprosy reaction at the Leprosy Division of the Dermatology and Venerology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in 2017–2019. Methods: This was a descriptive study. We used secondary data from the medical records of leprosy patients at the Leprosy Division of Dermatology and Venereology outpatient clinic, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, from January 2017 to December 2019. Result: Out of 364 patients, 65 (17.9%) had type 1 reactions. They were mostly in productive age at 35–55 years old (56.9%). The patients were predominantly male (75.4%), with normal nutritional status (98.5%) and negative bacterial index (72.3%). The most common types of leprosy were BB (Borderline) with 61.6% and BL (Borderline Lepromatous) with 20.8%. All patients took WHO (World Health Organization) MDT (Multi Drug Therapy) MB (Multi-Bacillary). Conclusion: The profile of type 1 leprosy reaction at the Leprosy Division of Dermatology and Venerology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in 2017–2019 shows an average data as follows: age 35–55 years, male, normal nutritional status, negative bacterial index, leprosy type BB.
Malignant Melanoma in Child with Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Rare Case Riezky Januar Pramitha; Sawitri Sawitri
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 32 No. 1 (2020): APRIL
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikk.V32.1.2020.70-74

Abstract

Background: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by photosensitivity, cutaneous pigmentary changes, and malignant tumor development at an early age. The basic defect underlying the clinical manifestations is nucleotide excision repair defect, leading to defective repair of ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA. XP patients who are younger than 20 years of age have more than 1000-fold increased risk of developing malignant neoplasms of the skin, which commonly include squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, and malignant melanoma. Malignant melanoma arises in only about 3% of XP patients. Purpose: To report a case of malignant melanoma in a child with XP. Case: A 7-years-old girl presented with multiple hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation macules since age of two, throughout the body, more on sun-exposed areas. The physical examination showed solitary tumor extensive ulcero- proliferative surface with areas of hemorrhage and blackish pigmentation on the vertex region. Histological examination revealed a feature of nodular malignant melanoma, and the condition became worse after she underwent two cycles of chemotherapy. Discussion: Despite the rare occurrence, the nodular type of malignant melanoma in XP patients is the most aggressive and responsible for the fatal condition. Conclusion: Early detection of XP is necessary due to its fast-growing nature and high metastatic possibility as well as mortality index.
Combination of Amniotic Membrane Stem Cell Metabolite Product (AMSC-MP) and Vitamin E for Photoaging Retha Retha; Sawitri Sawitri; Rahmadewi Rahmadewi; Afif Nurul Hidayati; Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan; Evy Ervianti; Linda Astari; Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 32 No. 1 (2020): APRIL
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikk.V32.1.2020.1-6

Abstract

Background: It is hypothesized that combination of amniotic membrane stem cell metabolite product (AMSC-MP) and vitamin E after fractional CO2 laser as laser assisted drug delivery (LADD) provides better long-term effects on clinical improvement of photoaging. This is promising as an option for photoaging therapy in the future. Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate long-term effects of improving the degree of wrinkles, polarized black spots, ultraviolet (UV) black spots, pores, and skin tones in subjects who have received a topical mixture of AMSC-MP with vitamin E and CO2 fractional laser as LADD. Methods: Thirty adult women with photoaging who had been treated with topical AMSC-MP mixed therapy with vitamin E and CO2 fractional laser three times, were then given maintenance therapy, tretinoin cream 0.025% and sunscreen SPF 30. Observation of improvement of wrinkles, polarized black spots, UV black spots, pores, and skin tones were performed computer-stimulated photographs, Janus-II Facial Skin Scope System, three times every month for three months after the last treatment. Results: The evaluation of wrinkles, polarized black spots, UV dark spots, pores and skin tones from the assessment for three months after being receiving treatment of a topical mixture of AMSC-MP with vitamin E and CO2 fractional laser as LADD on photoaging obtained p>0.05. Conclusion: There was a long-term effect of the topical mixture of AMSC-MP with vitamin C and CO2 fractional laser on photoaging, and there was no side effect observed.
The Effect of Systemic Methotrexate and Cyclosporine Combination Therapy inPsoriasis Vulgaris Patients in Bandung, Indonesia Oki Suwarsa; Fatima Aulia Khairani; Syawalika Ulya Isneny; Erda Avriyanti; Hartati Purbo Dharmadji; Miranti Pangastuti; Endang Sutedja; Hendra Gunawan
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 33 No. 3 (2021): DECEMBER
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikk.V33.3.2021.200-204

Abstract

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) and cyclosporine have been used as effective systemic mono-therapy for psoriasis. Several factors are considered to switch monotherapy to combination therapy because monotherapy is no longer effective and has higher side effects. Hence,clinicians have avoided systemic therapy combinations due to its toxicity. However, some studies showed that this combination therapy could be usedeffectively for psoriasis patients. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and adverse effects of systemic MTX and cyclosporine combination therapy in Indonesian psoriasis vulgaris patients. Methods: The retrospective study assessed the effectiveness of 3 monthsmono-therapyand combination therapy of systemic MTX and cyclosporine in psoriasisvulgaris patients from 2016–2017 in Dermatology Clinic, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Result: Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score 90 were achieved in the group MTX (50%) and cyclosporine group (50%), while none in the combination group.However, eight patients (50%) in group MTX and cyclosporine reached the primary endpoint of PASI 50. One patient in cyclosporine group had adverse effects on kidney profiles. Nonetheless, other patients had no biochemical changes. But, there was no significant difference in the change of PASI between each group (p=0.102). Conclusion: We propose that combination therapy of MTX and cyclosporine is relatively safe and efficacious in treating Indonesian psoriasis vulgaris patients. This combination treatment isas effective as MTX or cyclosporinemono-therapy.
The Concordance of Three Diagnostic Test for Malassezia folliculitis using Potassium Hydroxide 20% + Blue-Black Parker Ink, May Grunwald Giemsa, and Potassium Hydroxide 10% + Chicago Sky Blue Dyatiara Devy Rahadiyanti; Evy Ervianti; Damayanti Damayanti; Dwi Murtiastutik; Sawitri Sawitri; Afif Nurul Hidayati
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 32 No. 1 (2020): APRIL
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikk.V32.1.2020.33-39

Abstract

Background: Malassezia folliculitis is a pilosebaceous follicular infection disease caused by Malassezia species. There are many misdiagnosed Malassezia folliculitis cases, causing the maladministration of therapy. A routine diagnostic test performed for Malassezia folliculitis cases is the identification of fungal elements (spore) with a microscope using potassium hydroxide, but it has several weaknesses. Purpose: To evaluate the suitability of Malassezia folliculitis diagnostic test using Potassium Hydroxide 20% + Blue-Black Parker Ink, May Grunwald Giemsa, and Potassium Hydroxide 10% + Chicago Sky Blue. Methods: Analytic observational study conducted in the Dermatomycology Division of Dermatology and Venereology outpatient clinic, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. The samples were thirty patients with clinical features of Malassezia folliculitis. The research material was obtained from the body as many as three pieces of papulomoluscoid lesion extracted. The material obtained was then divided into three glass objects for Potassium Hydroxide 20% + Blue-Black Parker Ink, May Grunwald Giemsa, and Potassium Hydroxide 10% + Chicago Sky Blue staining. Result: The identification of spores using Potassium Hydroxide 20% + Blue-Black Parker Ink was 90%, May Grunwald Giemsa was 90%, and Potassium Hydroxide 10% + Chicago Sky Blue was 93% with a value of κ=0.348 and p=0.051. The diagnostic values of May Grunwald Giemsa and Potassium Hydroxide 10% + Chicago Sky Blue were 96.6% sensitivity, 33.3% specificity, 92.9% Positive Predictive Value, and 50 % Negative Predictive Value. Conclusions: There was no significant concordance between May Grunwald Giemsa and Potassium Hydroxide 10% + Chicago Sky Blue with Potassium Hydroxide 20% + Blue-Black Parker Ink in establishing the diagnosis of Malassezia folliculitis. Potassium Hydroxide 20% + Blue-Black Parker Ink is still needed as a routine examination in cases with clinical features of Malassezia folliculitis.

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