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Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23032162     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 294 Documents
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GENETIC VARIATIONS OF TWO Anguilla SPECIES IN THE WEST COAST OF WEST SUMATRA AND MENTAWAI USING RAPD Syaifullah syaifullah; Annisya Fitri; Djong Hon Tjong; Dewi Imelda Roesma; Indra Junaidi Zakaria
Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas Vol 11, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jbioua.11.1.39-45.2023

Abstract

Research on the genetic variation of Anguilla spp. in the waters of the West Coast of West Sumatra was carried out from February to June 2022. This study used the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method. In this study, two Anguilla species were found, namely A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor. The highest heterozygosity value of A. marmorata in the Tarusan River was 0,2018, and A. bicolor bicolor in Mentawai was 0,2340. The values of gene flow (Nm) in A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor were 0.7592 and 1.6318. The values of genetic differentiation (GST) in A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor were 0.3971 and 0.2345, respectively. This shows that the value of genetic variation of A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor in several rivers on the west coast of West Sumatra is low.
Inventarisasi Jenis Cyperaceae di Sumatera Barat Berbasis Spesimen di Herbarium Andalas (ANDA) Gama Ilham; Nurainas Nurainas; Syamsuardi Syamsuardi
Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas Vol 11, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jbioua.11.1.7-13.2023

Abstract

Famili Cyperaceae merupakan famili terbesar ketiga dari kelas monokotil. Jenis-jenis dari famili ini bersifat kosmopolit yang dapat ditemukan dimana saja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis Cyperaceae yang terdapat di Sumatera Barat dan distribusi jenis-jenis Cyperaceae di Sumatera Barat. Metode pengambilan data mengikuti metode herbarium dan data diperoleh berbasis spesimen Herbarium ANDA yang telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga bulan Juli 2021. Dari hasil penelitian, didapatkan 76 spesies dari 20 genus dalam 2 subfamili. Cyperus procerus merupakan jenis new occurrence untuk wilayah Sumatera, sedangkan Cyperus sphacelatus, Eleocharis pellucida, Fimbristylis fusca, Mapania sumatrana, Pycreus pumilus dan Scleria lithosperma new occurrence untuk wilayah Sumatera Barat. Secara administratif pada tingkat kabupaten dan kota, jenis yang paling tinggi ditemukan di Kota Padang dan paling sedikit dari Kota Solok dan Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai. Cyperus cyperoides merupakan jenis yang paling umum atau dominan ditemukan di daerah-daerah yang ada di Sumatera Barat. Secara altitudinal jenis Cyperaceae paling banyak ditemukan di zona low elevation hills dan paling sedikit ditemukan pada zona pegunungan atas atau puncak gunung (tropical uppermontane and subalpine).
Keanekaragaman Crustacea Ordo Decapoda Di Kawasan Mangrove Pangkal Babu Desa Tungkal 1, Tanjung Jabung Barat Fitriya Shalehati; Winda Dwi Kartika; Jodion Siburian; Tia Wulandari; Nurul Oktaviani
Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas Vol 11, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jbioua.11.1.46-53.2023

Abstract

Mangrove area is a type of ecosystem with unique characteristics. Mangrove ecosystems are located in brackish waters which are a meeting place between land and sea. Mangroves have an ecological function as a habitat for various types of fauna. In addition, many mangrove areas have been developed as ecotourism areas which have impacts on the environment such as the risk of damage to existing natural resources and the survival of one of the fauna that makes up the mangrove ecosystem, namely Crustaceans. The purpose of this study was to identify the diversity of Crustaceans of the Decapoda Order in the mangrove area of Tungkal 1 Village, Tanjung Jabung Barat. This research method is descriptive quantitative. Sampling was carried out exploratively using purposive sampling technique. Sampling was carried out at three stations using four types of fishing gear, namely spread nets, gill nets, sondong and togok carried out 3 repetitions on different days. The research results obtained found 15 species from 8 families including 10 species of shrimp and 5 species of crabs. The diversity index obtained as a whole is in the medium category and dominance index at each station is included in the low category.
Diversitas Spesies Reptil (Squamata) pada Habitat Akuatik dan Terestrial di Magelang, Surakarta, dan Magetan Sevina Anindira Suratman; Fatimah Az Zahro; Zaskya Anjung Fortuna; Narendra Satriani; Nabilla Azzah Putri Mulyana; Tatag Bagus Putra Prakarsa
Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas Vol 11, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jbioua.11.1.14-21.2023

Abstract

Penelitian tentang keanekaragaman reptil dilakukan untuk mempelajari jenis-jenis reptil apa saja yang menempati habitat Sungai Elo, Sungai Bengawan Solo, Kota Surakarta, dan Kabupaten Magetan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama bulan Februari 2022 hingga bulan Maret 2022 dengan teknik Visual Encounter Survey (VES) atau teknik survei perjumpaan visual di empat lokasi pengamatan secara diurnal dan nokturnal. Total telah ditemukan 1 spesies dari Sungai Elo (Varanus salvator), 2 spesies dari Sungai Bengawan Solo (Varanus rudicollis dan Acrochordus granulatus), 2 spesies dari Kota Surakarta (Calotes versicolor dan Eutropis multifasciata)  dan 1 spesies dari Kabupaten Magetan (Lygosoma quadrupes). Hasil analisis diperoleh nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener pada Sungai Elo dan Kabupaten Magetan sebesar 0; pada Sungai Bengawan Solo sebesar 0,4506; dan pada Kota Surakarta sebesar  0,6518 sehingga termasuk dalam kategori keanekaragaman yang rendah.
Agensi Hayati Jamur Endofit Daun dan Batang Apel Timor Ernawati Ernawati; Ana Maria Senari; Yoristo Mellu; Milan Boimau
Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas Vol 11, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jbioua.11.1.22-28.2023

Abstract

 ABSTRACTThis study discusses the antimicrobial potential and biological agents of the endophytic fungi on the leaves and stems of Timor apples. Apple plants have been developed in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) Regency; however, they slowly stop producing and even die due to disease. Disease control can be done through biological agents with endophytic fungi. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity and biological agency of endophytic fungi found in the stems and leaves of the Timor apple plant. This study uses a laboratory experiment method by testing the antimicrobial activity of the isolated endophytic fungi with the well method against E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria and C. albicans fungi. Biological agency against pathogenic fungi was tested using antagonist test. The inhibition and antagonist zone data were analyzed descriptively. The study results show that there were three isolates of endophytic fungi, namely IH isolate (black isolate) of Aspergillus sp., IA isolate (bluish green isolate) of Aspergillus sp., and IP isolate (white isolate) of Fusarium sp. Endophytic fungal isolates were found to have activity in inhibiting the growth of the test microbes, with the average inhibition zone of IH of Aspergillus sp. against C. albicans was 15.6 mm, IP of Fusarium sp against P. aeruginosa was 15.9 mm, and IA of Aspergilus sp against E.coli was 11.2 mm. The compound test shows that the endophytic fungal isolates contained alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Meanwhile, the antagonist test shows that endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi with the growth area coveredthe pathogenic fungus and the widest area was Aspergillus sp.Keywords: antimicrobial, biological agents, endophytic fungi, stems and leaves of Timor apples
Keanekaragaman Vegetasi Pada Habitat Yang Terinvasi Tumbuhan Invasif Di Hutan Kota Bukit Langkisau Painan, Sumatra Barat Dika Putri Sehati; Solfiyeni Solfiyeni
Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas Vol 11, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jbioua.11.1.29-38.2023

Abstract

The presence of invasive plants in a habitat will cause significant disturbances, especially in decreasing the abundance of biodiversity. The high competitiveness of invasive species causes native species to lose in competition. Invasive species have spread in many places, one of which is in the Bukit Langkisau City Forest. However, data on the types of weeds and vegetation types in the habitats invaded by weeds in the Bukit Langkisau City Forest are not yet available. Vegetation analysis was carried out in the Bukit Langkisau Painan City Forest, West Sumatra. The study used a survey method by laying out plots by purposive sampling, which made 15 plots at each level of vegetation. The plot is 10 x 10 m for observation of tree-level vegetation, the plot is 5 x 5 m for sapling vegetation and for understorey vegetation the plot is 2 x 2 m. The results of the vegetation analysis recorded 87 species of which there were 32 invasive species. The dominant families were found such as Fabaceae family, Meliaceae for tree level, Piperaceae for sapling level and Poaceae for understorey level. The highest Importance Value Index for tree vegetation, sapling and understorey was found in the invasive species Swietenia macrophylla (IVI = 44.69%), Piper aduncum (IVI = 85.08%), and Imperata cylindrica (IVI = 33.67%). The Vegetation Diversity Index in the Bukit Langkisau City Forest is the tree level (1.90), sapling (1.26) and understorey (1.78) which are all classified as moderate. KEYWORDSPlant invasive, urban forest, composition, structure, diversity index
The Effect of Centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) Extract with Several Types of Solvents as a Biostimulant on the Growth of Pagoda Mustard (Brassica rapa var. narinosa L.) Jelita Putri Adisti; Suwirmen Suwirmen; Muhammad Idris
Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas Vol 11, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jbioua.11.1.54-61.2023

Abstract

Biostimulants are natural organic compounds that can be applied to plants, so that they can modify plant physiology, stimulate growth and increase response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Biostimulants must have good solubility in suitable solvents. The research about the Effect of Centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) Extract with Several Types of Solvents as a Biostimulant on the Growth of Pagoda Mustard (Brassica rapa var. narinosa L.)  was conducted from March to June 2022 at the Plant Physiology Laboratory and Greenhouse, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang. The research aims to determine the effect of C. asiatica extract with several types of solvents as a biostimulant and to determine the best type of solvent to extract C. asiatica as a biostimulant in increasing the growth of Pagoda mustard. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 6 replications. The treatment consist of control, distilled water, methanol, ethanol and acetone. The results obtained in this study were C. asiatica extract with several types of solvents gave significantly different effects on the parameters of leaf number, leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content. The results of this study indicate that methanol and ethanol are the best solvents for making C. asiatica extract as a biostimulant that can increase the growth of Pagoda mustard.
INVENTARISASI CAPUNG (ODONATA) YANG BERKUNJUNG KE PERUMAHAN DI KOTA BENGKULU, SUMATERA meliya wati; Muhammad Nazri Janra; David Gusman
Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas Vol 12, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jbioua.12.1.21-27.2024

Abstract

Capung (Odonata) merupakan serangga karnivora yang secara global mencapai sekitar 7000 jenis. Penelitian capung selama ini lebih banyak dilakukan pada habitat alami, dengan sedikit perhatian diberikan pada habitat yang sudah mengalami degradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi jenis capung yang berkunjung ke perumahan di daerah Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini mengobservasi capung dewasa yang masuk ke dalam perumahan di Bentiring, Kota Bengkulu dalam periode 2020-2023. Sebagai hasil, tercatat total 43 individu yang memasuki perumahan selama pengamatan yang kemudian diidentifikasi menjadi 10 jenis, 8 genera, 3 famili dari dua subordo Odonata. Subordo Zygoptera diwakili oleh Agriocnemis femina (Coenagrionidae), sedangkan dari subordo Anisoptera tercatat Anacaeschna jaspidea, Gynacantha bayadera, G. dohrni, dan G. subinterrupta (Aeshnidae) serta Orthetrum sabina, Pantala flavescens, Potamarcha congener, Tholymis tillarga, dan Zyxomma petiolatum (Libellulidae). Periode Januari, Februari dan Oktober merupakan waktu terbanyak individu Odonata tercatat memasuki rumah, dimana 87% insiden tercatat pada waktu malam hari dan 13% di sore hari. Gynacantha bayadera, G. dohrni, Orthetrum sabina dan Zyxomma petiolatum merupakan jenis dengan jumlah individu signifikan teramati. Kata kunci: Aeshnidae, Gynacantha bayadera, G. dohrni, Libellulidae, Orthetrum sabina
Sebaran Bellucia pentamera Naudin Di Kawasan Objek Wisata Kapalo Banda Taram Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota Solfiyeni Solfiyeni; Siska Yuningsih
Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas Vol 11, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jbioua.11.2.75-83.2023

Abstract

Kapalo Banda Taram Tourism Area, Lima Puluh Kota Regency is one of the tropical rain forest areas in West Sumatra which has a high level of biodiversity that can be disturbed due to the presence of invasive plants, one of which is Bellucia pentamera. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of B. pentamera, to determine the effect of the number of Bellucian on the number of non-Bellucian and to determine the effect of distance from the river and light intensity on the distribution of B. pentamera. The research using the belt transect with a plot size of 20x50 m2. Data analysis using the Morisita Index and Simple Linear Regression formulas. The distribution of B. pentamera was quite large with the distribution pattern of B. pentamera sapling strata is clustered, while the tree strata had a uniform distribution pattern. The number of Bellucian individuals affects the presence of non-Bellucian individuals as indicated by a negative effect on species diversity, a decrease in the number of species, high dominance and habitat colonization which will limit resources and space for the growth of other species. The distance from the river affects the distribution of B. pentamera where the closer the distance from the river tends to increase the presence of B. pentamera, while the light intensity does not affect the presence of B. pentamera.
Physical Growth and Sexual Maturation of Subsistence Population in Padaido Island Papua Insos Batseba Rumayauw; Sita Ratnawati; Elda Irma Jeanne Joice Kawulur
Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas Vol 12, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jbioua.12.1.58-65.2024

Abstract

Physical growth and sexual maturity are two important events in the childhood phase. Measurement and assessment of development of body size is the best ways to understand the adaptive respond when face enviromental challenges of the traditional population. Several populations show that girls and boys tend to show varying ages and rates of growth and sexual maturity. The aim of this study was to study the growth patterns of height, weight and age at menarche in children of the Biak tribe in the Padaido Islands Region, Biak Regency, Papua Province. Cross-sectional research was designed to the children consisting of 130 boys and 153 girls. In order to determine the age at menarche using the status quo method.  The growth curve was analyzed using the Generalized Linear Model for Location, Shape and Scale (GAMLSS) model and the age of menarche was analyzed using the Probit-GLM analysis. Although geographic condition of Padaido island was isolated, the infrastructure and sosioeconomic conditions were indequate, however the age at menarche of Padaido girls (13,2 years) was included in the same category as the age at menarche nationally. The physical growth curve (height and weight) for girls exceeds that of boys before and during menarche, then decreases after menarche. This pattern is in line with previous research that girls have a larger stature at puberty because they accumulate body fat in preparation for menarche and the development of secondary sex characteristics. The environmental challenges have implications for the limited availability of energy to regulate maximum skeletal growth achieved at a young age, while the development of fat mass is achieved more slowly after sexual maturity. This describes a shift that deviates from the normal growth and development of the body..

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