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agriTECH

agritech
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02160455 EISSN : 25273825 DOI : 10.22146/agritech

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Agritech with registered number ISSN 0216-0455 (print) and ISSN 2527-3825 (online) is a scientific journal that publishes the results of research in the field of food and agricultural product technology, agricultural and bio-system engineering, and agroindustrial technology. This journal is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies (PATPI).

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 1,392 Documents

102 103 104 105 106

Kinetika Perubahan Mutu Minyak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus) Selama Penyimpanan Zita Letviany Sarungallo; Budi Santoso; Eduard Fransisco Tethool; Risma Uli Situngkir; Jandri Tupamahu
agriTECH Vol 38, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) oil contains high unsaturated fatty acids that are readily oxidized during storage, consequently, this affects its quality. Kinetic model can be used to describe the rate of change in quality attributes as a function of time at a certain temperature. This study was aimed to gain kinetic model of quality deterioration of the red fruit oil during storage. Red fruit oil was packaged in dark bottles at a temperature of 60 °C, 75 °C and 90 °C to test their quality stabilities. The water content, free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value and total carotenoids were observed for ±15 days. The results showed that the quality of the red fruit oil decreases along with the increase of temperature and storage time. The increased levels of free fatty acids and peroxide value of red fruit oil follows the zero order, with Ea value of 43318 J/mol °K and 29437 J/mol °K, respectively. Red fruit oil peroxide value with the lowest Ea showed the most sensitive to oxidative damage during storage. Shelf life estimation of red fruit oil based on the increasing of FFA and peroxide value are following equation of A=Ao-(t.exp[5,6-4.536(1 /T)]) and A=Ao-(t.exp[4,7-3.541(1/T)), respectively. Whereas decrease of carotenoids content follows first order with Ea value was 78,113 J/mol °K. The shelf life estimation for carotenoids content using equation ln A=ln Ao-(t[20,8-9.395(1/T)) ; where A: content of the end; Ao: initial levels; t: storage time (hours); and T: storage temperature (°K). ABSTRAKMinyak buah merah (Pandanus conoideus) mengandung asam lemak tidak jenuh tinggi sehingga mudah teroksidasi dan mempengaruhi mutunya selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan stabilitas oksidasi minyak buah merah dan mendapatkan model kinetika kerusakan oksidatif mutu minyak buah merah selama penyimpanan pada suhu kritis. Minyak buah merah yang akan diuji stabilitas mutunya dikemas dalam botol gelap pada suhu 60 °C, 75 °C, dan 90 °C, kemudian dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kadar air, kadar asam lemak bebas (ALB), bilangan peroksida dan total karotenoid selama ±15 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutu minyak buah merah menurun dengan meningkatnya suhu dan lama penyimpanan. Peningkatan kadar ALB dan bilangan peroksida minyak buah merah mengikuti orde nol, dengan nilai Ea berturut-turut 37.709 J/mol °K dan 29.437 J/mol °K; sedangkan penurunan kadar karotenoid mengikuti orde 1 dengan nilai Ea 78.113 J/mol °K. Bilangan peroksida minyak buah merah paling sensitif terhadap kerusakan oksidatif selama penyimpanan karena memiliki nilai Ea terendah. Pendugaan umur simpan minyak buah merah berdasarkan kenaikan nilai ALB dan peroksida mengikuti persamaan A=Ao-(t.eksp[5,6-4.536(1 /T)]) dan A=Ao-(t.eksp[4,7-3.541(1/T)). Sementara umur simpan berdasarkan penurunan kadar karotenoid mengikuti persamaan ln A=ln Ao-(t[20,8-9.395(1/T)) dimana A= kadar akhir; Ao= kadar awal; t= lama penyimpanan (jam); dan T= suhu penyimpanan (°K).

Aplikasi Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Lamun (Cymodocea rotundata) pada Minyak Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) Amalia Rahmi Puspasari; Eko Nurcahya Dewi; Laras Rianingsih
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Cymodocea rotundata is a seagrass, has a potential antioxidant capacity due to have flavonoid and phenolic compounds that could prevent free radicals. This research aimed was to determine the effect of different concentrations of seagrass extracts on the value of free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) during storage at room temperature. The material used in this study was swordfish which were processed into fish oil. The research was conduct through laboratory experiments using a completely randomized design (CRD) which to evaluate the effect of seagrass extract concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) and storage time (days 0 and 5) on the oil quality. The results showed FFA values ranged from 0 to 27.477%, PV value between 0 to 46.737 mEq/kg, and TBA values ranged from 3.310 to 8.731 malonaldehyde. Based on the results of the study showed that the interaction between seagrass C. rotundata extract concentration and storage time was significantly (p < 0.05) influence the value of FFA, PV, and TBA. ABSTRAKCymodocea rotundata adalah spesies lamun yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan fenolik sehingga diharapkan mampu mencegah terjadinya oksidasi lemak melalui penghambatan pembentukan radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek konsentrasi ekstrak lamun yang berbeda terhadap nilai free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), dan thiobarbituric acid (TBA) selama penyimpanan suhu ruang. Materi yang dipergunakan adalah ikan tongkol dengan kisaran panjang 40 ± 1 cm dan berat sekitar 1 kg/ekor yang diolah menjadi minyak ikan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak lamun (0%; 0,1%; 0,2%; dan 0,3%) dan lama penyimpanan (hari ke-0 dan hari ke-5) pada suhu ruang terhadap kualitas minyak ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai FFA berkisar antara 0-27,477%, nilai PV berkisar antara 0-46,737 mEq/kg, dan nilai TBA berkisar antara 3,310-8,731 malonaldehid. Studi ini menunjukkan interaksi antara konsentrasi ekstrak lamun dan waktu penyimpanan sangat berpengaruh (p < 0,05) terhadap nilai FFA, PV, dan TBA.

Pengaruh Pretreatment Secara Alkalisasi-Resistive Heating terhadap Kandungan Lignoselulosa Jerami Padi Dewi Maya Maharani; Lisa Normalasari; Dianita Kumalasari; Chandra Ardin Hersandi Prakoso; Mutiara Kusumaningtyas; Mochamad Taufik Ramadhan
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Cellulose is a potential biomass that is used for bioethanol production and commonly present in agricultural residues like rice straw. Cellulose is an important material to produce glucose and bioethanol, but it is covered by lignin and hemicellulose bonds to form a lignocellulose. Bioethanol production using basic material containing cellulose requires special attention in the process of pretreatment for lignin degradation process and increase the accessible surface and decrystallize cellulose. The aim of this research was to apply alkalization and resistive heating combine method for rice straw pretreatment process before further being converted into bioethanol and to determine the effects of heating temperature and NaOH concentration on the content of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The reactor had been designed for resistive heating process. Rice straw that was resized into 100 mesh has dissolved with 0.03 M, 0.05 M, and 0.07 M NaOH and heated with resistive heating temperature of 75 oC, 85 oC, and 99 oC. Cellulose is a raw material that will be further converted into glucose. So that, the selected optimum conditions of this study were pretreatment with the highest increase of cellulose content level until 8.88% and resulted decreasing levels of lignin (1.39%) and hemicellulose (4.33%) by temperature 75 oC and 0.07 M NaOH concentration. Resistive heating that combine with alkalization can be used for rice straw pretreatment process that reduce lignin and hemicellulose content as well as increasing cellulose content. ABSTRAKSelulosa merupakan biomassa yang potensial digunakan untuk produksi bioetanol dan banyak ditemukan di residu pertanian seperti jerami padi. Selulosa merupakan material penting yang dapat dikonversi menjadi glukosa kemudian dikonversi menjadi bioetanol, namun selulosa pada alam dilapisi oleh ikatan lignin dan hemiselulosa menjadi lignoselulosa. Pembuatan bioetanol berbasis selulosa membutuhkan proses pretreatment yang berfungsi untuk mendegradasi ikatan lignin, meningkatkan luas permukaan biomassa dan dekristalisasi selulosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh alkalisasi resistive heating pada proses pretreatment jerami padi sebelum dikonversi lebih lanjut menjadi bioetanol dan mengetahui pengaruh suhu pemanasan serta konsentrasi NaOH selama pretreatment terhadap perubahan kandungan lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa. Sebelum dilakukan penelitian dilakukan perancangan reaktor resistive heating. Jerami padi ukuran 100 mesh dilarutkan pada larutan NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,03 M, 0,05 M, dan 0,07 M, selanjutnya dipanaskan pada reaktor resistive heating dengan variasi suhu pemanasan 75 oC, 85 oC, dan 99 oC. Selulosa merupakan senyawa yang akan dikonversi lebih lanjut menjadi glukosa. Sehingga pada penelitian ini dipilih kondisi optimum berdasarkan peningkatan selulosa tertinggi hingga 8,88% serta penurunan lignin dan hemiselulosa sebesar 1,39% dan 4,33% pada perlakuan suhu pemanasan 75 oC dan konsentrasi NaOH 0,07 M. Alkalisasi resistive heating dapat diterapkan pada pretreatment jerami padi karena dapat mengurangi kandungan lignin dan hemiselulosa serta meningkatkan kandungan selulosa.

Optimasi Sintesis Karboksi Metil Selulosa (CMC) dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) M. Khoiron Ferdiansyah; Djagal Wiseso Marseno; Yudi Pranoto
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Palm midrib contain 89.63 % of cellulose. Cellulose is the main raw material synthesis of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC). The purpose of this research was to determine the optimum conditions of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) synthesis from palm midrib. In this research, the concentration of NaOH, NaMCA weight, and the temperature of carboxymethylation reaction were examined. The response optimized on the CMC was the degree of substitution (DS). The optimum conditions of CMC synthesis from palm midrib cellulose was obtained from 10 % of NaOH, 4.57 g of NaMCA, and the reaction temperature of 46.59 °C. Response Surface Methodology calculation showed that CMC with optimum condition had the degree of substitution (DS) value of 0.83, while in the verification test the DS value was 0.75. ABSTRAKPelepah kelapa sawit mempunyai kandungan selulosa sebesar 89,63 %. Selulosa merupakan bahan baku utama sintesis karboksi metil selulosa (CMC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum sintesis CMC dari pelepah kelapa sawit. Faktor yang diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi NaOH, berat NaMCA, dan suhu reaksi karboksimetilasi. Respon yang dioptimasi pada CMC yang dihasilkan adalah derajat substitusi (DS). Kondisi optimum sintesis CMC dari selulosa pelepah kelapa sawit didapatkan dengan konsentrasi NaOH 10 %, berat NaMCA 4,57 g, dan suhu reaksi 46,59 °C. Hasil dari perhitungan RSM menunjukkan CMC dengan kondisi optimum memiliki nilai DS sebesar 0,83 sedangkan uji verifikasi menunjukkan nilai DS sebesar 0,75.

Validasi Metode Analisis Kadar Kalsium pada Susu Segar secara Titrasi Kompleksometri Moh. Taufik; Seveline Seveline; Emilia Ratih Saputri
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Analysis of calcium content in fresh milk generally uses Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Alternatively, it could be analyzed using complexometric titration. The study aimed to validate the method of calcium content analysis in fresh milk by complexometric titration. The results showed that the linearity test using calcium standard solution at a working range of 4-24 mg/100 mL had R2 of 0.9983, while the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.47 mg/100 mL and 1.57 mg/100 mL, respectively. The accuracy by spiking method at the spiking concentration of 60 mg/100 mL sample was 99.29%. The repeatability and intra-lab reproducibility showed acceptable precision with CV value of 0.98% and 2.59%, respectively. The results of ruggedness test showed that this method was rugged to the variation of sample volume and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) concentration. This study proved that complexometric titration can be used to determine calcium content in fresh milk. ABSTRAKAnalisis kadar kalsium pada susu segar umumnya menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) yang relatif mahal. Salah satu metode alternatif yang dapat digunakan adalah titrasi kompleksometri. Sampai sekarang, data validasi terhadap metode tersebut pada sampel susu segar belum tersedia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memvalidasi metode analisis kadar kalsium pada susu segar secara titrasi kompleksometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan uji linearitas dengan menggunakan larutan standar kalsium pada rentang 4-24 mg/100 mL mempunyai nilai R2 sebesar 0,9983, sedangkan nilai batas deteksi dan batas kuantifikasi berturut-turut adalah 0,47 mg/100 mL dan 1,57 mg/100 mL. Nilai akurasi (recovery) sebesar 99,29% pada konsentrasi spiking 60 mg/100 mL sampel. Hasil penelitian atau metode uji yang divalidasi menunjukkan nilai keterulangan dan reprodusibilitas intralab yang baik dengan nilai CV analisis berturut-turut 0,98% dan 2,59%. Hasil uji ketangguhan menunjukkan metode ini bersifat tangguh (rugged) terhadap variasi volume sampel dan konsentrasi asam etilenadiaminatetraasetat (EDTA) yang digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, metode titrasi kompleksometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kadar kalsium pada susu segar.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Minuman Daun Beluntas Teh Hitam (Pluchea indica Less-Camelia sinensis) Paini Sri Widyawati; Tarsisius Dwi Wibawa Budianta; Yesiana Dwi Wahyu Werdani; Maria Olivia Halim
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The research was conducted to explore the potency of pluchea leaves-black tea drink as antioxidant at various proportions. The research used a single factor randomized block design of pluchea leaves and black tea proportions, including 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0:100% (w/w). Each of it was repeated five times. The parameters observed in this study were secondary metabolites, total phenolic, total flavonoids, free radical DPPH scavenging activity, and iron reducing power. The data were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at α = 5%, if the analysis showed a significant effect then it was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data was stated as mean ± standard deviation. The results showed that the secondary metabolites containing in drink from pluchea leaves and black tea at various proportions were alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. The increasing of black tea proportion in samples added the intensity of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and cardiac glycosides compounds detected, but the tannins were decreased. These secondary metabolites were correlated with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The increasing of black tea proportion in drink significantly decreased DPPH free radical scavenging activity and iron ion reducing power, except for 100% black tea proportion. Tannin compounds seems determining antioxidant activity. Based on coefficient correlation between TPC or TFC and DPPH free radical scavenging activity or iron ion reducing power, the result showed that DPPH free radical scavenging activity was dominantly contributed by TPC and iron ion reducing power was determined by TPC and TFC. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi minuman daun beluntas teh hitam sebagai antioksidan pada berbagai proporsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor, yaitu proporsi daun beluntas teh hitam meliputi 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; dan 0:100% (b/b). Tiap faktor diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini meliputi kandungan metabolit sekunder, total fenolik (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH, dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pada α = 5%, jika terdapat beda signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data dinyatakan dengan rata-rata ± standar deviasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam minuman daun beluntas teh hitam pada berbagai proporsi adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, tannin, dan kardiak glikosida. Peningkatan proporsi teh hitam menambah intensitas senyawa alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, saponin, dan kardiak glikosida yang terdeteksi, tetapi kandungan senyawa tannin berkurang. Kandungan metabolit sekunder ini berkorelasi dengan total fenolik (TPC) dan total flavonoid (TFC). Peningkatan proporsi teh hitam dalam minuman menurunkan kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi, kecuali pada proporsi teh hitam 100%. Kandungan senyawa tannin dalam minuman menentukan aktivitas antioksidan. Berdasarkan koefisien korelasi antara TPC atau TFC dan kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH atau kemampuan mereduksi ion besi, hasil menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH dominan dikontribusi oleh TPC dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi ditentukan oleh TPC dan TFC.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Kultur dan Prebiotik Ubi Jalar terhadap Sifat Sari Jagung Manis Probiotik Nur Aini; Vincentius Prihananto; Gunawan Wijonarko; Arimah Arimah; Muhammad Syaifudin
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Sweet corn extract with the addition of lactic acid bacteria can improve its function as probiotic drinks. Sweet potato as a prebiotic is expected to increase the activity of lactic acid bacteria probiotic sweet corn extract. The use of culture in the making of sweet corn extract probiotics will affect the character of the product. The purpose of this study were: (1) to study the effect of culture concentration on characteristics of probiotic sweet corn extract; (2) to study the effect of red sweet potato extract on characteristics of probiotic sweet corn extract; and (3) to determine the best treatment combination between the culture and the concentration of red sweet potato extract in the production of probiotic sweet corn extract; and comparing commercial in the market. Research using a completely randomized design (CRD) with research factor is the concentration of the culture (2, 3, 4, and 5 %) and red sweet potato extract (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 %). The results showed that the more the concentration of the culture is added, the number of lactic acid bacteria, total acid and viscosity increase; while pH, total dissolved solids, fat and protein concentration decreased. The more sweet potato extract is added, the total dissolved solids and viscosity increased; while the levels of protein and fat decreases. The best treatment combination was at a concentration of 4 % culture and 15 % sweet potato extract. The products have a pH of 3.88, a viscosity of 261.5 cP, lactic acid levels of 0.87 %, 0.05 % fat content, total dissolved solids 19.10 oBrix, and 3.23 % of total protein. Yoghurt is compliant SNI standard yoghurt, except for protein content was lower at 3.23 (SNI according to at least 3.5). ABSTRAKSari jagung manis dengan penambahan bakteri asam laktat dapat meningkatkan fungsinya sebagai minuman probiotik. Ubi jalar sebagai prebiotik diharapkan meningkatkan aktivitas bakteri asam laktat pada sari jagung manis probiotik. Penggunaan kultur pada pembuatan sari jagung manis probiotik akan mempengaruhi karakter produk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi kultur terhadap sifat jagung manis probiotik; (2) mempelajari pengaruh penambahan ekstrak ubi jalar merah terhadap sifat sari jagung manis probiotik; dan (3) menentukan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik antara konsentrasi kultur dan ekstrak ubi jalar merah dalam pembuatan sari jagung manis probiotik dan membandingkan dengan yoghurt komersial yang telah beredar di pasaran. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor penelitian adalah konsentrasi kultur (2, 3, 4, dan 5 %) dan ekstrak ubi jalar merah (5, 10, 15, 20 dan 25 %). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak konsentrasi kultur yang ditambahkan pada pembuatan sari jagung manis probiotik maka jumlah bakteri asam laktat, total asam dan viskositas semakin meningkat; sedangkan pH, total padatan terlarut, kadar lemak dan protein semakin menurun. Semakin banyak ekstrak ubi jalar merah yang ditambahkan pada pembuatan sari jagung manis probiotik maka total padatan terlarut dan viskositas semakin meningkat; sedangkan kadar protein dan lemak semakin menurun. Kombinasi perlakuan paling baik untuk pembuatan sari jagung manis probiotik adalah pada konsentrasi 4 % kultur dan 15 % ekstrak ubi jalar. Produk memiliki pH 3,88, viskositas 261,5 cP, kadar asam laktat 0,87 %, kadar lemak 0,05 %, total padatan terlarut 19,10 oBrix, dan protein total 3,23 %. Yoghurt ini sudah memenuhi standar SNI yoghurt, kecuali kadar protein yang masih lebih rendah yaitu 3,23 (menurut SNI minimal 3,5).

Kinetika Oksidasi Protein Ikan Kakap (Lutjanus sp) Selama Penyimpanan Rahim Husain; Suparmo Suparmo; Eni Harmayani; Chusnul Hidayat
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Fish protein is oxidased easily during storage. The oxidation reaction rate can be approached through the order to zero or first order. The objective of this research was to study the oxidation rate during storage by determining the amount of activation energy (Ea) and constant change (k). The results showed that the increased of temperature storage from 0 °C to 40oC can increased the k value from 0.0617 to 0.311. The carbonyl content of red snapper protein isolate can be increased to higher level as storage temperature increase to 40 °C with higher level increase at higher temperature. The activation energy of oxidation reactions that cause oxidation of the protein is 42.015 Kj/mol.K to zero order. Kinetics increase in protein carbonyls: the higher the temperature storage protein isolate red snapper (Lutjanus sp), the greater the value of a constant (k) is obtained. Kinetics studies show that an increase in the rate of reaction of oxidative damage fish protein (Lutjanus sp) during storage by following zero order reactions. ABSTRAKProtein ikan mudah rusak akibat oksidasi selama penyimpanan. Kecepatan reaksi oksidasi dapat didekati melalui orde ke nol maupun orde pertama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari oksidasi selama penyimpanan dengan menentukan besaran energi aktivasi (Ea) dan konstanta perubahan (k). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai k meningkat dari 0,0617 menjadi 0,311 dengan peningkatan suhu dari 0 °C ke 40 °C. Energi aktivasi reaksi oksidasi yang menyebabkan terjadinya oksidasi protein adalah 42,015 Kj/mol.K untuk orde nol. Kinetika peningkatan protein karbonil: semakin tinggi suhu penyimpanan protein ikan kakap (Lutjanus sp) semakin besar nilai konstanta (k) yang diperoleh. Studi kinetika juga memperlihatkan bahwa peningkatan laju reaksi kerusakan oksidasi protein ikan kakap (Lutjanus sp) selama penyimpanan mengikuti reaksi orde ke nol atau reaksi berjalan lambat.

Kinerja Pengeringan Gabah Menggunakan Alat Pengering Tipe Rak dengan Energi Surya, Biomassa, dan Kombinasi Tamaria Panggabean; Arjuna Neni Triana; Ari Hayati
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Paddy drying was performed using a hybrid drier utilizing solar energy, biomass and combined solar-biomass energy as energy sources. This research objective was to evaluate performance of the hybrid paddy drier using solar energy and paddy straw and coconut coir biomass. The experimental and descriptive method was used. The result showed that the drier with solar system was capable to generate temperature of drying chamber to 40.42 °C in average, while the average relative humidity was 41.45%. The paddys final moisture was 14.88%w.b after 7 hours of drying with drying rate of 0.64% d.b/h and energy consumption of 32,595.32 kJ. Paddy drying with biomass energy system was capable to obtain drying chambers temperature of 33.8 °C in average, the average relative humidity of 57%, the final moisture of 15.57%, the drying rate of 0.50 %d.b/h and energy consumption of 160,662.15 kJ with the same drying times. The solar-biomass drying system was capable to achieve temperature of 39.98 °C, the average relative humidity of 45.85 %, the final moisture of 15.33%w.b with drying rate of 0.55 %d.b/h and energy consumption of 136,457.76 kJ. Therefore, the best performance for drying paddys was with the solar drying system. ABSTRAKPengeringan gabah dapat dilakukan menggunakan alat pengering energi surya, energi biomassa dan energi kombinasi surya dan biomassa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja alat pengering gabah hybrid energi surya dan biomassa jerami padi dan sabut kelapa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dan deskritif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeringan gabah dengan energi surya menghasilkan suhu ruang pengering rata-rata 40,42 °C, kelembaban relatif ruang pengering rata-rata 41,45 %, waktu pengeringan 7 jam, kadar air akhir rata-rata 14,88 %bb, laju pengeringan rata-rata 0,64 %bk/jam, dan energi pengering 32.595,32 kJ. Pengeringan gabah dengan energi biomassa menghasilkan suhu ruang pengering rata-rata 33,8 °C, kelembaban relatif ruang pengering rata-rata 57 %, waktu pengeringan 7 jam, kadar air akhir rata-rata 15,57 %bb, laju pengeringan rata-rata 0,50 %bk/jam, dan energi pengering 160.662,15 kJ. Pengeringan gabah dengan energi kombinasi surya dan biomassa menghasilkan suhu ruang pengering rata-rata 39,98 °C, kelembaban relatif ruang pengering rata-rata 45,85 %, waktu pengeringan 7 jam, kadar air akhir rata-rata 15,33 %, laju pengeringan rata-rata 0,55 %bk/jam, dan energi pengering 136.457,76 kJ. Kinerja yang diperoleh alat pengering terbaik menggunakan energi surya dengan kadar air akhir sebesar 14,88%bb, laju pengeringan 0,64 %bk/jam dan kebutuhan energi pengeringan 32.595,32 kJ.

Kondisi Penyimpanan Kacang Tanah dan Potensi Cemaran Aspergillus flavus pada Pedagang Pengecer Pasar Tradisional di Wilayah Jakarta Widya Eka Prayitno; Harsi Dewantari Kusumaningrum; Hanifah Nuryani Lioe
agriTECH Vol 38, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Factors affecting contamination on peanut kernel marketed in Jakarta has not been investigated yet. The purpose of the research was to investigate and evaluate the storage condition and the behavior of retailers on the way of peanuts storage and also to investigate the presence of Aspergillus flavus infection in the peanuts. The research was conducted at traditional market with 15 peanut retailers as respondents (n=15). The research stages included survey at retailer area including interview, observation, temperature and relative humidity measurements as well as peanuts analysis including moisture content, defective seeds and presence of A. flavus. The results of research revealed that the average temperature of peanut storage area at retail stalls range from 29.6 to 31.2 °C which is not in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) recommendation, while the average of storage room RH ranged between 53.6–73.1% and moisture content of peanuts of 6.23–7.86% were mostly in accordance to CAC recommendation. The percentage of damage, shrivelled and splitted seeds ranged between 3.9–19.1%, 5.4–32.3% and 0.2–8.8%, respectively. The range of mean of total molds and A. flavus were 2.5–5.6 log cfu/g and 1.3–4.0 log cfu/g, respectively. Total molds had a strong correlation to damage kernels (r = 0.74), and had a moderate correlation to the temperature (r = 0.41), moisture content (r = 0.42) and behavior of retailers, especially in cleaning the ceiling (r = 0.44) and placing the storage container (r = 0.44). The presence of A. flavus had a slight correlation to relative humidity on storage (r = 0.26), and had no significant correlation to peanuts damage and all storage conditions. ABSTRAKFaktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi cemaran aflatoksin pada biji kacang tanah atau ose di wilayah Jakarta belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pasar tradisional dengan 15 pedagang pengecer kacang tanah sebagai responden (n=15). Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi kondisi penyimpanan dan perilaku pengecer dalam menyimpan kacang tanah serta mengidentifikasi potensi cemaran Aspergillus flavus pada kacang tanah. Tahap penelitian meliputi survei di area pengecer (wawancara, pengamatan langsung dan pengukuran suhu serta kelembaban relatif (RH) di area penyimpanan) serta analisis kacang tanah (kadar air, biji cacat, dan keberadaan A. flavus). Hasil studi menunjukkan rata-rata kisaran suhu area penyimpanan kacang tanah di kios pengecer berkisar antara 29,6–31,2 °C. Hal ini tidak sesuai dengan rekomendasi Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), meskipun sebagian besar rata-rata kisaran RH area penyimpanan berkisar antara 53,6–73,1% dan kadar air kacang tanah sebesar 6,23–7,86% yang sesuai dengan rekomendasi CAC. Rata-rata biji rusak, biji keriput dan biji belah ditemukan pada kisaran, berturut-turut, 3,9-19,1%, 5,4–32,3% dan 0,2–8,8%. Rata-rata total kapang dan A. flavus pada sampel kacang tanah, masing-masing, ditemukan berkisar antara 2,5–5,6 log cfu/g dan 1,3–4,0 log cfu/g. Total kapang pada sampel kacang tanah memiliki korelasi positif yang kuat dengan biji rusak (r = 0,74), dan berkorelasi positif pada tingkat sedang dengan suhu (r = 0,41), kadar air (r = 0,42) dan perilaku pengecer dalam pembersihan langit-langit kios (r = 0,44) serta penempatan wadah simpan kacang tanah (r = 0,44). Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan A. flavus pada sampel kacang tanah berkorelasi positif lemah dengan kelembaban relatif di area penyimpanan (r = 0,26) dan tidak memiliki korelasi secara signifikan dengan biji rusak maupun semua kondisi penyimpanan lainnya.

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Home Page

OAI Link

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Contact Name Fiametta Ayu Purwandari

Contact Email fiametta@ugm.ac.id

Phone +6285712601130

Journal Mail Official agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Fiametta Ayu Purwandari

Contact Email
fiametta@ugm.ac.id

Phone
+6285712601130

Journal Mail Official
agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

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Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA