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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
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Articles 42 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 13, No 2 (2024)" : 42 Documents clear
Antibacterial Activity Screening of Bacillus sp. AM12 Associated with Mangrove Soil Natania, Evellyne; Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede; Widhidewi, Ni Wayan
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.373-379

Abstract

The use of synthetic antibiotics to treat bacterial infections can trigger resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics. One effort to overcome this is to explore microorganisms that produce antibacterial compounds from nature. A previous study reported isolates of Bacillus sp. AM12 from mangrove soil displayed antibacterial potential based on preliminary screening of the perpendicular streak test. This study was designed to confirm the antibacterial potential of Bacillus sp. AM12 uses chemical solvent extraction. Bacillus sp. AM12 was fermented in 100 mL liquid ISP-2 sterile and shaken at 150 rpm for 7 days. The supernatant was filtered from the cell mass using Whatman paper and extracted using 100 mL of ethyl acetate solvent (1:1, v/v) twice. The filtrate was evaporated at 40ºC until a thick, clear yellowish colored extract was obtained. The thick extract was tested for antibacterial activity using the Kirby-Bauer method against two Gram positive and two Gram negative bacterial targets. Antibacterial screening showed moderate diameter zone of inhibition of 6.72 ± 0.21 mm, 6.82 ± 0.15 mm, and 6.62 ± 0.21 mm against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus mutans FNCC 0405, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 70060, respectively. However, no antibacterial activity was observed against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Analysis of the chemical composition of ethyl acetate crude extracts using GC-MS has detected 10 different compounds, in which the 3 most dominant antibacterial compounds were Benzene, 1,2,4-Trimethyl-, Benzene, 1-ethyl-2-methyl- and 2-butoxyethyl acetate. In general, these results provide an initial description of Bacillus sp. AM12 is a potential of antibacterial producer.
Potency of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Against Incision Wound Healing Atifah, Yusni; Kurnia, Aifa
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.343-349

Abstract

Wounds are damage or loss of body tissues that occur due to a factor that interferes with the body's protective system. One example of an open wound is an incision where there is a linear tear in the skin and underlying tissue. One natural ingredient that has potential as an alternative treatment for cut wounds is turmeric and VCO. The part of turmeric contains curcumin to accelerate wound healing and VCO contains lauric acid which functions as an antibacterial.  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on the percentage and healing time of incision wounds in male mice (Mus musculus L.). This research is an experimental study. The research was conducted from October to December 2023 at the Animal House and Research Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padang State University. The design used is a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with 5 (five) treatments and 5 (five) repeats. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test using the SPSS 22 application. The results showed that the combination of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) affected the percentage and time of incision wound closure in male mice (Mus musculus L.). The best combination of turmeric extract with VCO is a ratio of 2:1.
Effect of Justicia insularis Leaf Extract and Fractions on Oxidative Stress Markers, Liver Function Parameters and Liver Histology of Plasmodium berghei -Infected Mice Enyiekere, Veronica James; Anagboso, Martin Osita; Ise, Uduak Peter; Essien, Grace Emmanuel; Okokon, Jude Efiom; Ebong, Nwakaego Omonigho
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.351-359

Abstract

Justicia insularis (Family-Acanthaceae) is used in Ibibio ethnomedicine to treat malaria. The leaf extract and fractions of J. insularis were investigated for antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective activities in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The leaf extract (100-300 mg/kg, p.o.) exerted significant (p<0.05) antimalarial activity against P. berghei infection in curative test with ethyl acetate fraction demonstrating the highest activity.  The extract/fractions treatment caused significant (p<0.05) reductions in liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total and conjugated bilirubin of the treated infected mice and also decreased significantly (p<0.05) total protein and albumin levels of the treated mice relative to control. The leaf extract and fractions further improved significantly (p<0.05) the levels of oxidative stress markers enzymes and molecules (CAT, GPx, GST, SOD) of the treated infected mice with no significant (p>0.05) effect on GSH. The MDA levels in the livers of the treated infected mice were significantly (p<0.05) reduced relative to control. Histology of liver sections revealed absence or significant reductions in pathological features in infected mice treated with leaf extract (100 mg/kg), DCM and ethyl acetate fractions compared to untreated infected mice. These results suggest that the leaf extract/fractions of Justicia insularis possess antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective potentials, which is an added advantage to its antimalarial property.
Antimicrobial Activities of Oyster Mushroom (Plerotous ostreatus), Garlic (Allium sativum), and Ginger Extracts (Zingiber officinale) Against Some Clinical Isolates Adenuga, Victoria Oluwapelumi; Fakoya, Soji; Sanni, Joseph Adaviruku; Adenuga, Akinola; Adenuga, Ore-ofe Oluwatoyin; Ajayi, Oluwaferanmi Timileyhin
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.389-395

Abstract

The prevalence of multiple drug resistance among human pathogenic bacteria necessitates a continual search for new antimicrobial medicines, particularly among plants that are frequently farmed or naturally found in our surroundings. The study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of garlic, ginger, and mushroom extracts at different concentrations against some clinical isolates. Anti-bacterial components from mushrooms, garlic, and ginger were extracted with hot water, cold water, ethanol, and acetone, and their anti-bacterial activity was determined using the agar well diffusion method. Zones of inhibition were observed primarily on hot water extracts of mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on culture plates inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia at 370C for 24 hours. The cold water extracts of the mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) gave the highest zone of inhibition of 14.0±1.0mm when used against S. aureus. For spices, the cold water extracts yielded the highest zones of inhibition of 22.0±1.0mm followed by 16.0±1.0mm as observed with ginger. The results obtained have shown clearly that the mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), garlic (Allium sativum), and ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts contain phytochemicals with some antimicrobial activities. The water extracts of the mushrooms and spices showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity much more than ethanol and acetone extracts. The antimicrobial activities of mushroom and garlic extracts were highly effective against the bacterial pathogens studied. However, the antimicrobial activity of the ginger extract was poor. To address the multi-drug resistance to antibiotics, I recommend: that bioactive compounds found in mushrooms, ginger, and garlic be patented and used as alternative antimicrobials.
Isolation and Antibacterial Activity of Sembung (Blumea balsamifera) Leaf Essential Oil L., DC Afriani, Tika; Rahmi, Azimatur; Sari, Mia Darmita
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.361-365

Abstract

Sembung leaf essential oil is a complex mixture in the form of oily yellow liquid with a unique aroma. It contains various volatile components that have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of essential oil Blumea balsamifera L., DC against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolation of essential oil using steam distillation method with 0.21% rendement. Inhibition activity was performed by test tube method with variation concentrations of essential oil were 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100% for each bacteria. Results of this study showed that the highest antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli at 80% concentration with an inhibition zone diameter of 27.53 mm, 100% concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an inhibition zone diameter 25.72 mm and 100% concentration for Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter 27.31 mm. Essential oil from (Blumea balsamifera) L., DC leaves have a strong activity inhibition category against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
The Effect of Tapioca Flour and Bogor Taro Flour (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) Formulations on the Chemical, Physical, and Sensory Characteristics of Catfish Sausage (Pangasius hypophtalmus) Amelia, Leona; Astuti, Sussi; Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim; Koesoemawardani, Dyah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.321-328

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the effect of tapioca flour and Bogor taro flour formulation on the chemical, physical, and sensory characteristics of catfish sausage and to determine the best formulation. This study was arranged in a Randomized Complete Group Design (RCGD) with a single factor of tapioca flour and Bogor taro flour formulation with 6 treatments P1 (100%:0%), P2 (80%:20%), P3 (60%:40%), P4 (40%:60%), P5 (20%:80%), and P6 (0%:100%) with 4 replications. Data were tested for equality of variance with Barlett's test and data saturation with Tuckey's test. The data were analyzed for variance to determine the effect between treatments, then further analyzed using the HSD test at the 5% level. The results showed that the formulation of tapioca flour and Bogor taro flour had a very significant on water content, ash content, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, appearance, and overall acceptance but no effect on the taste and aroma of catfish sausage. P5 was the best treatment with a water content of 52.08%, ash content of 1.55%, hardness of 270.75 gf, springiness of 10.03 mm, cohesiveness of 0.83, appearance of 2.93 (slightly dull), taste of 3.87 (typical of fish), aroma of 3.87 (typical of fish), overall acceptance of 3.88 (like), protein content of 15.61%, and fat content of 4.29%.
Hippocratea africana Ethanol Root Extract and Fractions Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Noah, Kufre U; Okokon, Jude E
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.397-406

Abstract

Hippocratea africana root, used locally in treating poisoning, was investigated to confirm its antidotal potential in rats. The root extract (200-600 mg/kg) and fractions; dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous, 400 mg/kg) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in male rats. Testosterone level, lipid profile indices, testicular oxidative stress markers, and testis histology were used to assess the testicular protective effect of the extract. The root extract (200-600 mg/kg) and fractions, dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous, 400 mg/kg reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL that were elevated by doxorubicin. In contrast, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) reduced by doxorubicin was increased by the extract and fractions co-administration. Testosterone level, which was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by doxorubicin, was significantly (p<0.05-0.01) elevated by the root extract and fractions co-administration. The levels of GSH, GST, SOD, GPx, and CAT that were decreased by doxorubicin were significantly (p<0.01) elevated, and raised MDA level was reduced by the root extract and fractions. Histology of the testes sections of extract/fractions -treated animals showed absent/or reductions in the pathological features compared to the organotoxic-treated animals. The chemical pathological changes were consistent with histopathological observations, suggesting marked testicular protective potential. The anti-toxic effect of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant. The plant, H. africana possesses anti-toxicant properties which can be exploited in the treatment of doxorubicin-related toxicities.
The Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Citrullus lanatus Rind Ethanol Extract Against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cokro, Wilbert Alvin Genesis; Natassya, Priska; Soesanto, Sheila
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.367-372

Abstract

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind contains secondary metabolite compounds which exhibit antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans can cause tissue damage and bone resorption, leading to aggressive periodontitis. Chlorhexidine as golden standard antimicrobial mouthwash can cause tooth staining. There is a need for herbal remedies with fewer side effects as an alternative treatment for periodontitis. This study aims to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of C. lanatus rind ethanol extract against A. actinomycetemcomitans. This is an experimental laboratory in vitro with a post-test-only control group design. The antibacterial test was conducted using the plate count method and the antibiofilm test using the microtiter plate biofilm assay method. The samples used were ethanol extract of C. lanatus rind 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, chlorhexidine 0.2% as positive control, distilled water, and BHI-B as negative control. As a result, extract concentrations from 12.5% to 100% exhibited antibacterial effects on A. actinomycetemcomitans equivalent to chlorhexidine. During the 3-hour incubation period, extract at 25% and 100% concentrations on all incubation times showed a better antibiofilm effect than chlorhexidine. It can be concluded that ethanol extract of C. lanatus rind had the potential as an alternative antibiofilm agent against A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Leaf Extract of Kentut (Paederia foetida L.) as a Preventive Measure Against Interleukin-6 Expression in the Liver of Mice in a Sepsis Model Injected with Escherichia coli Savitri, Lisa; Freitas, Maria Do Carmo Da Costa; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Juwita, Syntia Tanu
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.329-336

Abstract

Kentut leaves (Paederia foetida L.) are a medicinal plant that can be used as a preventative medicine against sepsis. This plant contains secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and other active compounds. This research aims to to determine the influence and effective dosage of Kentut leaf extract as a preventive measure against IL-6 expression in the livers of mice in a sepsis model injected with E. coli. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The study involved 24 white male mice divided into 6 groups. Data analysis was performed using One way ANOVA. The average values of IL-6 expression in the mouse livers for each group are as follows: KN at 7.09%±0.06; K+ at 26.36%±0.02; K- at 72.60%±0.05; PI (100mg/kgBW) at 71.04%±0.04; PII (300mg/kgBW) at 62.22%±0.02; and PIII (500mg/kgBW) at 40.92%±0.01. The research results indicate an influence of kentut leaf extract as a preventive measure against IL-6 expression in the livers of mice in the sepsis model injected with E. coli, with a significance value of 0.000 or p-value < 0.005. The effective dosage of kentut leaf extract as a preventive measure against IL-6 expression is the PIII dosage of 500mg/kg BW. The anti-inflammatory mechanism in sepsis is thought to be caused by the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and terpenoid compounds. The most likely anti-inflammatory mechanism is believed to involve flavonoids inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes involved in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which can trigger IL-6 production.
Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors | Vol. 13 No. 2 October 2024 Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.%p

Abstract

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