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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
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Articles 452 Documents
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Preliminary Investigative Study on the Blood Pressure-Lowering Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Simarouba glauca (AESG) on Normotensive Adult Wistar Rats Osagie-Eweka, Sammy Davies E.; Orhue, Noghayin E. J.; Amaechina, Fabian C.; Omogbai, Eric K. I.; Moke, Emuesiri Goodies
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.1-4

Abstract

Studies have shown that plants possess medicinal properties and compounds are beneficial in managing and treating diseases, including high blood pressure and related cardiovascular conditions. Simarouba glauca (SG) has been widely reported to possess antibacterial activity, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative and hemolytic activity; amongst others. However, there is paucity of data on its effect on blood pressure. Hence, the study research aimed at assessing the hypotensive prospect inherent in the aqueous leaf extract of Simarouba glauca (AESG) on normotensive male Wistar rats. The study was conducted using adult male Wistar rats (n = 3), a urethane/thiopental (1205/20 mg/kg) anesthesia and a chart paper attached to Ugo Basile Uni-recorder Model 400700 data capsule. Under full anesthesia, the rat’s trachea and the carotid artery were cannulated for assisted respiration and blood pressure measurement. At stable variables; following the administration of 0.2 mL normal saline, the AESG was administered intravenously via the caudal vein at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight dose respectively. The data was recorded on a chart; indicated the characteristic dose-dependent hypotensive effect of AESG on normotensive rats; at doses of 2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg, with marked decreases in the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) from basal levels of 127.83 ± 1.01 mmHg, 91.00 ± 1.00 mm Hg and 103.27 ± 0.99 mm Hg respectively. The outcome of the preliminary investigation indicates that the AESG demonstrated a hypotensive effect on the BP of normotensive male Wistar rats dependent on varying doses administered; indicative of further evaluation.
Co-Existent Hypertension with Diabetes Mellitus Exacerbates Renal Dysfunctions Eruore Amalaka Obore; Jerome Ndudi Asiwe; Vincent I Iyawe; Andrew E. Edo
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 11, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2022.112.145-150

Abstract

Hypertension as well as diabetes mellitus has been reported to be a major risk factor for deteriorating kidney functions. However, there is paucity of reports on renal functions in a co-existence of hypertension and diabetic condition, hence, this study evaluates renal functions in hypertensive and diabetic co-morbidity. Participants were categorised into healthy, hypertension, diabetes and hypertension with diabetes group. Blood pressure was measured as well as fasting blood glucose and blood samples were collected from each participant to assay renal function indices. The results showed that there was substantial uraemia as well as a significant reduction glomerular filtration rate in co-morbid hypertension and diabetic patients. Fasting blood glucose and mean arterial blood pressure were considerably elevated while creatinine concentration was not significantly altered in comorbid hypertension and diabetic patients. This study revealed that co-existence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus exacerbated renal dysfunction comparatively to hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Spermicidal, Antifertility and Contraceptive Effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Seed Extract in Female and Male Wistar Rats MacDonald Idu; Sharon Ogedegbe-George; Precious Eromosele Oriarewo; Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.79-88

Abstract

This study investigates the spermicidal and contraceptive effect of Azadirachta indica seed aqueous extract in male and female Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n=6), graded doses (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) of the extract. They were exposed to female rats in a ratio of 2:1 after 24 hours, 7, and 14 days of administration. The spermicidal properties were evaluated. The female contraceptive study involved 14 days of pre-coital and post-coital administration of the neem seed extract, and contraceptive indexes were investigated. The results obtained from the spermicidal activity showed a significant decrease in male hormonal levels at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of A. indica (0.73, 0.50, and 1.08 ng/ml); and the sperm cells (102.5, 111.5, and 97 counts) after 24 hours. Administration and mating, compared to the control. Also, the histopathology of the testes showed normal testicles. The contraceptive study elicited a significant decrease in estrogen (1.46 ng/ml), luteinizing hormone (0.094 mg/dl) and progesterone (1.82 ng/ml), at 5 mg/kg in day 14 post-coital study compared with the control. The histopathology of the treated uterus had no deteriorating effect compared with the control. The extract elicited spermicidal and contraceptive potential at a reduced dose, validating its folklore claim.
Solanum anomalum Leaf Extract and Fractions Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Liver Injuries in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Idongesit Charles Etuk; John Akpan Udobang; Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong; Jude Efiom Okokon
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.33-44

Abstract

The leaf of Solanum anomalum used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various ailments such as diabetes was evaluated for antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective potentials against hepatic injuries in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective activities of leaf extract and fractions (70-210 mg/kg) were assessed by determining oxidative stress markers levels, liver function indices and histopathological study of livers of treated rats. The leaf extract and fractions caused significant (p<0.05 0.001) increases in the levels of oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) in the livers of the treated diabetic rats. The extract/fractions treatment caused reduction in liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total and direct bilirubin. Histology of the livers revealed absence or significant reductions in pathological features in the treated diabetic rats compared to untreated diabetic rats. The results show that the leaf extract and fractions of S. anomalum has antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective potentials which may be due to the antioxidant activities of their phytochemical constituents.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for Detection of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Compounds Rakhmiyati, Rakhmiyati; Widiyani, Tetri; Budiharjo, Agung
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.5-8

Abstract

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are compounds found in shark cartilage (Carcharhinus sorrah). The two compounds have many health benefits, that is wound healing and helping the process of angiogenesis. This study aims to determine the content of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate compounds in shark cartilage (SC) extract. The method used was High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with potassium phosphate buffer solution at pH 3. The results of this research were SC extract contained glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate compounds with a retention time of 1.914 minutes.
Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-Atherosclerotic Activity of Bioactive Peptide HPAEDR Isolated from Catla catal Muscle on LPS Induced Inflammation on 246.7RAW Macrophage Cells and HCF Induced Hyperlipidemic Zebrafish Larvae Sabarinathan Sethuramalingam; Revathy Leena Ravi; Janet Rani Rajiah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 11, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2022.112.151-160

Abstract

A muscle wasdissected from the Catla catlafish and enzyme hydrolysis was done using various digestive enzymes such as pepsisn, protease, papine, trypsin and alcalase at verity of time intervals (0th, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th) hour respectively. Followed by, the amino acid composition was identified and the confirmative assays such as, the anti-oxidant assays (DPPH and Hydroxy radical scavenging activity) and anti-inflammatory assays (HRBC and AD) were done for various peptide hydrolysate. The active hr was identified as 9th hr alcalase hydrolysate which was purified through Ultrafiltration (>30 kDa, 30-10 kDa, 10-3 kDa and <3 kDa). These fractions were again studied for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Based on the results obtained, the active fraction was identified as 10-3kDa which was further purified and identified using Gel filtration chromatography and LC-MS/MS as HPAEDR (723.76 Da). Further, for in vitro and in vivo studies the peptide derived from CCM was synthetically designed with 98% purity (PhtdPeptides Co., Ltd. Zhemgzhou, China). Additionally, the physiochemical properties (Solubility, emulsifying properties and foaming properties) of these fraction was studied. Finally, the purified fraction was tested for in vitro activity through cell viability, COX-2 production, NO production and TNF-α production. Moreover, the in vivo protective effect is tested on Zebrafish larvae. The results suggest that the active purified peptide fraction isolated from Catla catla muscle has a strong natural anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol reduction activity which can be used in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
Cardiotoxicity Effects of Herbal Medicine, A Review Article Shahin Gavanji
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.89-96

Abstract

With the development of human's modern society more and more people tend to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Toxicological studies indicated that many herbal medicines have direct toxic effects on the circulatory system or cardiovascular system and cause harmful effects on the body. Cardiotoxicity or heart damage is a serious issue defined as heart electrophysiology dysfunction, affecting the cardiac structure, and muscle damage that arises from the drug or chemical poisoning agents, that may lead to heart failure. The aim of this review article is to provide various information about the potential adverse effects of herbal medicine on the cardiovascular system and introduce herbs that induced cardiac toxicity. To provide this review, all reported cases of cardiac toxicity induced by herbal medicines and natural products were collected through research articles and documents, and the most relevant articles, and books in various authentic search engines including Scopus, PubMed, SID (scientific information database), Science Direct and Google Scholar, from 1984 to April 2022 were searched, and selected herbs with therapeutic properties which induce toxic effects on the cardiovascular system are introduced. In this review, scientific data regarding cardiotoxicity showed that 16 herbs from 11 families may increase cardiac toxicity. Therefore, it's important to use herbal medicines and natural products under the guidance of medical professionals.
Potential Inhibition of ACE2 Membrane Protein by Flavone Glycosides for Blocking Entrance of SARS- CoV-2 into the Cells; a Computational Study Ahsan Ibrahim; Ehtisham Ul Haq
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.97-108

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), since its emergence in Wuhan city of China in late 2019, had been a dilemma for the global healthcare system. Humongous efforts have been put in ascertaining the effective treatments for attenuation of the spread of corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this research study is to probe the potential inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) membrane protein by well-known flavone glycosides, hence preventing the binding of spike proteins with ACE2 and subsequent prevention of entry of SARS- CoV-2 inside the cells. The molecular docking analysis, for total ten flavone glycosides was carried out, that laid out propitious results in terms of binding energies towards the active residues of ACE2 protein with a range of -9.3 to -7.1 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics simulation also yielded promising outcomes. The in-silico toxicity analysis of all the potential drug candidates was carried out that revealed that all the compounds were non-toxic and safe. Studies may be required for optimum formulation development using these compounds as a part of drug discovery and development phenomenon. This study may play a vital part in exploration of natural compounds in pharmacotherapy of COVID-19.
Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Strophanthus sarmentosus DC Julius Leke Abiola; Olapeju Oluyemisi Aiyelaagbe
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.119-126

Abstract

Strophanthus sarmentosus DC is used traditionally in the management of snake-bite, arthritis, eye infection, rheumatism, emetic and venereal diseases. Freshly collected mature Strophanthus sarmentosus plant parts were air-dried at room temperature. Each of the plant parts (leaf, stem and roots) was successively extracted by cold extraction method using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol respectively. The crude extracts were subjected to phytochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity analysis by employing chemical tests, agar diffusion and brine shrimps methods.The phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids and carbohydrates in all the extracts. The extracts demonstrated broad spectrum activities against both gram- positive and gram-negative bacteria and the fungi tested. The MIC and MMC of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the S. sarmentosus (stem) is between 0.3 and 5.0 mg/mL. The cytotoxic activity (LC50) of the S. sarmentosus extracts (leaf, stem and root) ranged between 117 g/mL and 270 g/mL, showing that the extracts are within the medium toxic level according to Clarksons toxicity index.
In-Vivo Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Solanum anomalum Leaf Extract and Fractions Jude Efiom Okokon; Idongesit Charles Etuk; John Akpan Udobang; Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.127-132

Abstract

Solanum anomalum Thonn. ex Schumach. (family Solanaceae), an edible shrub whose fruits and leaves are used medicinally to treat diseases including diabetes was evaluated for effect on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes in vivo. The leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg) and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, 140 mg/kg) of S. anomalum were evaluated in vivo for inhibitory effect on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes using starch, sucrose and maltose as substrates. Acarbose was used as reference drug. The leaf extract especially middle dose (140 mg/kg) and fractions (ethyl acetate and hexane) caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels of treated with the various substrates used. Ethyl acetate fraction exerted the highest inhibitory effect when starch and maltose were used as substrates followed by n-hexane and methanol. n-Hexane was the most active fraction followed by ethyl acetate when sucrose was used as substrate. The results suggest that the leaf extract and fractions of S. anomalum have the potentials to inhibit alpha amylase and glucosidase in rats.

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