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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 485 Documents
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Study of Sperm Utilization in Female Drosophila melanogaster of bdp and btx Strains Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Krissanjaya, Rochmad
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1151-1157

Abstract

This study investigates the patterns of sperm utilization in female Drosophila melanogaster of the bdp and btx strains through sequential mating with multiple males. The research was conducted as a descriptive observational study without experimental manipulation. Females of each strain were crossed with four different males in a specific order, with a two-day interval between each mating. F1 offspring phenotypes were recorded daily over a six-day period following the final mating. Data were analyzed descriptively and supported by somatic chromosome reconstruction to identify the male origin of each offspring. The results indicate that sperm utilization in D. melanogaster females occurs in both random and non-random patterns. Non-random utilization was observed when offspring were produced exclusively from the first male, with no contribution from subsequent males. For example, in the female btx × male N cross, only N female and N male offspring were produced, indicating that sperm from the first male was preferentially used. In contrast, random sperm utilization was evident in later matings, where offspring from multiple males appeared, suggesting that previously stored sperm remained viable and were used alongside or instead of sperm from later matings. These findings highlight the complexity of post-mating sexual selection in D. melanogaster, particularly the role of female sperm storage and utilization mechanisms. The ability of females to either favor the sperm of a particular male or mix sperm from several males may provide evolutionary advantages in terms of genetic diversity and offspring fitness. This study contributes to a better understanding of reproductive strategies and sperm competition in insects, with potential implications for broader studies in evolutionary biology and genetics.
Analysis of Influencing Factors on The Provision of Birth Control Equipment and Materials at The Lahomi Non-Inpatient Health Center Unit, West Nias Regency Nasution, Sri Lestari; Laia, Dermawati; Girsang, Ermi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1111-1119

Abstract

The quality and access to family planning services demands a paradigm shift, especially among service providers, which in this case are Bapermas and KB. That is why service must be carried out on the basis of volunteerism, openness, and honesty. One of the service providers that is still questionable about the quality of its services is the Community Empowerment, Women and Family Planning Agency.  The implementation of the provision of kb tools and materials has not been carried out properly and correctly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of influence on the provision of birth control equipment and materials at the UPT Non-Inpatient Health Center Lahomi, West Nias Regency. The type of research used was quantitative analytics. Dessay research is a cross-sectional study. The sampling technique in this study was the total population, namely the entire population was used as a research sample, then the number of samples in the study was 170 employees. The results of the study explained that there was an influence between supervision, direction, control, supervision and budgeting on the provider of birth control equipment and materials in Lahomi Health Center, Nias Regency. West. It is hoped that with this research, Lahomi Health Center will improve the quality of services, especially in the provision of birth control tools and materials.
Ethnobotanical Study of Plant Utilization in the Life Cycle Ceremonies of the Kaili Tado Ethnic Group in Central Sulawesi Zainal, Syech; Supriyatman, Supriyatman; Febriawan, Aan; Buntu, Amalia; Syukur, Muh. Syarif Abd; Pahriadi, Pahriadi; Agni, Raya
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1315-1324

Abstract

The Kaili Tado ethnic group of Central Sulawesi maintains a rich ethnobotanical tradition in which plants play essential roles in life cycle ceremonies that mark the stages of human existence from birth and marriage to death. This study aimed to identify and analyze the species, uses, symbolic meanings, and conservation status of plants employed in the traditional rituals of the Kaili Tado community. The research was conducted in Langko Village, Lindu District, Sigi Regency, from July to August 2025, using a qualitative descriptive ethnobotanical approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and field documentation involving twelve key informants, including traditional leaders, ritual practitioners, and elder community members. A total of 11 plant species were recorded, representing diverse functions and cultural symbolism. Plants such as Oryza sativa (rice), Cocos nucifera (coconut), and Areca catechu (areca nut) symbolize prosperity, purity, and strength, respectively, while others like Kalanchoe pinnata and Jatropha curcas serve as protective and purifying agents. Most species are easily available around home gardens, but a few such as Piper betle and Calamus sp. are becoming scarce. The study demonstrates that the Kaili Tado community’s ritual plant use reflects deep ecological awareness and moral philosophy, emphasizing balance between humans and nature. Ethnobotanical documentation of these practices is essential not only for preserving cultural heritage but also for promoting biodiversity conservation and environmental education.
Development of Co-Chemotherapeutic Agents and Analysis of the Active Substance Content of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Var Rubrum rhizoma) in Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells Muna, Laili Nailul; Hasni, Enny Riyan; Uyun, Farhatul; Wulandari, Erna
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1451-1458

Abstract

Metastatic breast cancer also known as stage IV breast cancer. Current chemotherapy agents have several limitations, such as resistance events, side effects, and inadequate efficacy in advanced cancer. It is necessary to develop a more effective chemotherapy model, namely the development of co-chemotherapy agents derived from natural ingredients that have activity in counteracting oxidative stress and preventing metastatic breast cancer, namely red ginger. GC-MS analysis of red ginger oleoresin showed the composition of chemical compounds influenced by variants of soxletation time of 60, 120, and 180 minutes. GC-MS analysis showed that this essential oil consists of volatile compounds, mainly from the sesquiterpene group and namely zingiberene, betha-sesquiphellandrene, betha-bisabolene and ar-curcumene. The results of the cytotoxic test analysis of red ginger extract with socletation time for 60, 120 and 180 minutes respectively obtained IC50 data as follows with 45.16 µg/ml, 37.23 µg/ml and 20.2 µg/ml. The compounds contained in red ginger, such as zingiberene, gingerol, shogaol, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, play an important role in its cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. The mechanism by which alpha-Zingiberene induces cell death in cancer cells is mainly through the apoptotic process. The compound causes the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, which then activates caspase-3, an apoptotic enzyme.
Effect of Solvent Polarity on Extraction Yield, Phytochemical Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. and Moringa oleifera Lam. Azzahra, Vina Octavia; Mardiana, St; Suharyadi, Suharyadi; Sianipar, Rini Juita; Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.%p

Abstract

The present study investigated the effect of solvent polarity on extraction yield, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes and Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves. Maceration was carried out using ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane for 72 hours (1:10 w/v). Extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined. Results demonstrated a clear polarity-dependent trend. Ethanol yielded the highest extract recovery for both species (17.55 ± 0.97% and 22.93 ± 0.65%), while n-hexane showed the lowest yield. Ethanol extracts exhibited the greatest TPC and TFC values, 47.12 mg GAE/g and 6.76 mg QE/g for C. xanthorrhiza, and 25.91 mg GAE/g and 4.67 mg QE/g for M. oleifera, respectively. Correspondingly, ethanol fractions displayed the strongest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 22.70 and 29.80 mg/mL, indicating an inverse correlation between phenolic load and radical scavenging capacity. The study confirms that solvent polarity is a critical determinant of phytochemical recovery and antioxidant potency. The novelty of this work lies in the first comparative evaluation of C. xanthorrhiza and M. oleifera extracted under identical solvent systems, providing a rational framework for solvent selection in phytopharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further work should isolate and characterize the active antioxidant constituents from the most potent extracts.
Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Gut Microbiota-Modulating Effects of Cymbopogon citratus Leaf Extract in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats Soji-Omoniwa, Omolola; Britto, Oluwadamilola Elizabeth; Omogoye, Precious Comfort; Oluwadare, Oluwafemi Obed; Adeosun, Darasimi Deborah; Alimi, Mariam Oyeladun; Bolajoko, Ridwan Tobiloba; Amupitan, Celestina Omowunmi; Olufemi, Emmanuel Ayokanmi; Orekunrin, Esther Afifoluwake
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1403-1411

Abstract

Cymbopogon citratus Leaf Extract (CCE) is used traditionally to manage diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to to evaluate the effects of its oral administration on gut bacteria composition and antidiabetic effect in nicotinamide and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups comprising 7 rats each. They were; non-diabetic rats given distilled water (PC), untreated diabetic rats (NC), diabetic rats treated with 2.5 mg/kg glibenclamide (RDC), diabetic rats treated with 200 mg/kg extract (CCE1) and diabetic rats treated with 400 mg/kg extract (CCE2). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, glycogen, lipid profile, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum electrolytes, urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, albumin, alanine and aspartate amino transferases (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gut bacterial count were analysed and bacteria identified. Secondary metabolites in extract were also quantified. Results showed significant reductions (p<0.05) in FBG, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, sodium, catalase, SOD, GSH, and MDA levels in the CCE1 and CCE2 groups compared to the NC. Glycogen, ALT, AST, ALP, and HDL increased significantly. CCE1 outperformed CCE2 in most biochemical parameters. The total bacterial count increased significantly in the treatment groups and the identified species were L. plantarum, L. lactis, C. leptum and, L. mesenteroides. Key secondary metabolites in CCE were catechin, dihydrocytisine, steroid, aphyllidine, Narigenin, proanthocyanidine, oxalate and phytate. In conclusion, CCE exhibited glucose-lowering, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant effects, reversed dysfunction in organ function markers and promoted occurrence of beneficial bacterial. Further research into its nutraceutical potential is recommended.
The Essential Oil Constituents of the Fresh and Air-dried Phragmanthera incana (Schum.) Balle and Its Bioactivities Atewolara-Odule, Odunayo Christy; Aiyelaagbe, Olapeju O.; Olubomehin, Oseyemi O.; Ajibade, Sunday. O.; Ogunmoye, Abdulrazaq O.; Akoro, Seide M.; Olaoluwa, Olaoluwa O.
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1551-1560

Abstract

Phragmanthera incana Schum (Loranthaceae), used in ethnomedicine as a worm expeller and for treating diseases such as cancer and inflammation, had its essential oil constituents characterized and assessed for certain pharmacological activities. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to analyze the essential oils extracted from fresh and dried P. incana leaves, flowers, and stems via hydrodistillation. Standard bioassays were employed to determine the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, anthelmintic effects on Pheritima posthuma, and antioxidant activity of the essential oils. Thirty-six and forty-five essential oil constituents were detected in fresh and dried P. incana, respectively. The percentage constituent in fresh P. incana follows the trend; flower > stem > leaf, a trend of stem > leaf > flower was observed in dried P. incana. The major volatile oils constituents of leaf, stems and flowers were fluoranthene (37.30%), hentriacontane (76.11%), and 3-methyl phenol (24.20%) respectively. All essential oils showed cytotoxicity, with fresh leaf oil having the lowest LC50 of 0.49 µg/mL. The essential oils of air-dried and fresh stem antibacterial activities were 20 mm for Bacillus aureus and 16 mm for Klebsiella pneumoniae compared to 10 mm by Gentamycin for both organisms. Compared to Menbendazole (63.55±1.12 to 90.55±0.97) at 100 mg/mL, all essential oils caused considerable worm paralysis and death (12.58±2.62 to 24.19±7.84 min). They also demonstrated moderate antioxidant potency, ranging from 41.67 to 85.98%.  The essential oil components and biological activities are described for the first time. Bioassays’ results and presence of hentriacontane, phytol, gamma-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and tocopherol in the oils, support its traditional applications as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anthelmintic.
The Effectiveness of Honey Purity Testing from Several Regions in Central Sulawesi Province Budiarsa, I Made; Trianto, Manap; Akram, Akram; Windarsih, Yulia; Ashari, Abdul
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1231-1240

Abstract

Honey is a valuable natural product with nutritional, medicinal, and economic importance, but its high commercial value makes it prone to adulteration, which threatens consumer trust and product quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of simple purity tests in identifying adulteration in honey samples collected from several regions in Central Sulawesi Province. A total of 12 honey samples from different bee species and floral sources were analyzed using seven tests, namely solubility, cloudiness and foam, heating, hexagonal pattern, seepage, raw fish, and onion tests. The results showed that most tests successfully distinguished pure honey from adulterated samples. Specifically, the solubility, cloudiness and foam tests, as well as heating, and raw fish tests indicated that 66.67% of the samples were pure, while the hexagonal pattern, seepage, and onion tests confirmed purity in all samples (100%). These findings demonstrate that simple, low-cost methods can provide reliable initial screening of honey purity and are suitable for routine use in local communities where advanced laboratory facilities are limited. The application of these tests is expected to support honey quality assurance, protect consumer trust, and promote the sustainable development of the beekeeping industry in Central Sulawesi.
Diversity of Sea Cucumber Types in Shallow Sea Waters of Katapang Sukarame Carita Labuan Pandeglang Banten Beach Nurhidayatulloh, Fikri; Setiawan, Usman; Abdilah, Nurullah Asep; Suyamto, Suyamto
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1365-1378

Abstract

Cucumbers of the sea are one of the animals from the phylum Echinodermata that have ecological and economic roles. Biogeographically, the types of sea cucumbers from the Holothuriidae family are not yet well known in the waters of Shallow Waters of Katapang Sukarame Carita Labuan Pandeglang Banten Coast, particularly the information on the types and their phylogenetic relationships. This study aims to determine the diversity and phenetic relationship between types of sea cucumbers in Shallow Waters of Katapang Sukarame Carita Labuan Pandeglang Banten Coast. The research has stages which include preliminary observations of sea cucumber species. Preliminary observations were carried out by surveying the location of the sea cucumber catch and interviewing local fishermen. The results of the survey on preliminary observations were used as the basis for determining the sampling station. Sampling of the specimens was carried out using a cruising technique based on a predetermined sequence of sampling stations. Observations and species determination were carried out to obtain data as material for the analysis of taxonomy and phenetic relationships. The research results show that the diversity of sea cucumber species found in the Shallow Waters of Katapang Sukarame Carita Labuan Pandeglang Banten Coast are S. horrens, H. atra, and H. leucospilota. There is a phylogenetic relationship among the three sea cucumber species in the Shallow Waters of Katapang Sukarame Carita Labuan Pandeglang Banten Coast. Group 1, which consists of H. atra, has a similarity of 85.393% with H. leucospilota. Group 2, which includes S. horrens, has a similarity of 64.130% with H. atra and H. leucospilota.
Anticandidal Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Lada Katokkon (Capsicum annuum chinense) Against Emerging Fungal Pathogens Mangoting, Allen; Astuty, Eka; Manuputty, Amanda Gracia
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1501-1507

Abstract

Candidiasis is an opportunistic mycotic infection with a high prevalence, caused by Candida species, especially Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis. The increasing resistance of Candida spp. to conventional antifungals such as fluconazole poses a challenge in the management of candidiasis, thus the need for natural-based alternatives, such as Lada Katokkon. This condition encourages the need to explore alternative therapeutic agents based on natural ingredients. Lada Katokkon (Capsicum annuum chinense Jacq), a local chili variety cultivated in the Toraja region, is known to contain secondary metabolite compounds such as capsaicin, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids that have potential as antifungals. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of ethanol extract of Lada Katokkon against the growth of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis in vitro using disc diffusion method. The extract was tested at five concentrations: 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%. There was a positive relationship between extract concentration and inhibition zone diameter. The highest activity was recorded at 9% concentration, particularly against C. parapsilosis (16.89 ± 4.74 mm), followed by C. albicans (9.03 ± 5.96 mm) and C. tropicalis (8.07 ± 0.81 mm). In contrast, 1% concentration produced the lowest zone of inhibition in all species tested. These results suggest that ethanol extract of Lada Katokkon has potential as an alternative natural antifungal agent in candidiasis therapy.

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