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Pharmacon
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 14114283     EISSN : 26855062     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia is a collection of publication journals, covering all aspects of Pharmaceutical sciences, including Technology of Formulations, Excipients Optimization, Extract and Herbal Standardizations, Pharmacological activity determination on natural sources, Drug Synthesize and Development, Molecular Biology, Antibiotic Screening, Metabolite Profiling and Quantification, Clinical Pharmacy, Health and Environmental issues, published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. We look forward to working with pharmaceutical community of researchers as we are intended to serve as a major resource for pharmaceutical information.
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Articles 345 Documents
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Influence of Knowledge Level about Anemia and Menstrual Patterns on Adherence to Consumption Iron Supplement in Adolescents at A Public Senior High School in Magelang Annisa Nabila Nugraheni; Elmiawati Latifah; Ratna Wijayatri
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.21904

Abstract

Anemia is a health problem in all age groups, from toddlers to old age. Adolescent girls are prone to anemia due to their monthly menstrual cycle, so iron supplementation is needed, one of which is Supplementary Blood Tablets. This study was to find out the influence of  the knowledge level about anemia and menstrual patterns on compliance of iron supplement consumption in adolescents at a public senior high school in Magelang. This analytical research was carried out in December 2022 using a survey method with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire in the form of a Google Form which was distributed via the Whatsapp application. The sampling technique was probability sampling in the form of proportionate stratified random sampling with the inclusion criteria for young women, active high school students, menstruating, aged 15-18 years, as well as exclusion criteria for high school students who were not willing to participate as research respondents. A population of 500 students came from grades 10, 11, and 12 and was calculated using the slovin formula (e = 5%) to obtain a sample of 250 students. The research questionnaire was adapted from four different studies with a total of 39 question items that had been tested for instrument validity content using the Aiken index calculation, and all questionnaire items tested valid with results 0.8. The results showed that young women at a public senior high school in Magelang had a "good" level of knowledge about anemia with a percentage of 58.8%, 85.2% experienced normal menarche, 77.2% had normal menstrual cycles, 71.6% experienced dysmenorrhea, and adherence to iron supplement consumption was low. 84.4% of respondents "didn't comply" and 66.4% "forgot to consume" so it is necessary to increase socialization from health and education agencies regarding the importance of consumming iron supplement in adolescents . While the SPSS version 26 analysis was carried out using normality and homogeneity tests, non-parametric statistical tests were used with chi-square test yielded P values of 0.6240.05 and 0.2750.05, meaning that the level of knowledge about anemia and menstrual patterns had no effect on the adherence to iron supplement consumption in adolescents at a public senior high school in MagelangKeywords: knowledge of anemia, menstrual patterns, consumption compliance, iron tablets,  young women
Evaluasi Ketepatan Antibiotik pada Pasien Sepsis Nugraheni, Ambar Yunita; Putri, Mahyastuty Shintya; Saputro, Adi Yusron
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 18, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v18i2.16635

Abstract

The administration of early intravenous antibiotics was one of the fundamental procedures in sepsis. Inappropriate of antibiotics in septic patients has an impact on mortality and prolongs treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotics therapy in hospitalized sepsis patients in Central Java based on the parameters right indication, right patient, right drug, and the right dose. This study was observational. Data collected retrospectively and analyzed descriptively. Sampling was done by purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria were inpatients diagnosed with sepsis who received antibiotics therapy with complete medical record data. The exclusion criteria were patients who died of sepsis. Antibiotics analyzed using the DIH 25th edition 2016, IONI 2014, Tata Laksana Sepsis Pada Anak IDAI 2016, Neofax 2014, Kepmenkes PNPK Tata Laksana Sepsis 2017, PPK RS, and SHC Antimicrobial Dosing 2017. Based on data from 108 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria obtained results right indication 100%, right patient 97.22%, right drug 90.74%, and the right dose 48.15%. The most used antibiotic was a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin (41.67%), while the single antibiotic was ceftriaxone (12.96%).
Antibiotic Evaluation of Hospitalized Pneumonia Patients Using Gyssen or DDD 100 Bed Days or DDD 1000 Patient Days: Review Syam, Ricky Aditya; Karuniawati, Hidayah
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 21, Special Issue 1, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i0.23589

Abstract

Pneumonia remains one of the significant infectious diseases in society, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia, with its prevalence continuing to increase year after year. Pneumonia caused by bacteria requires antibiotic treatment, increasing antibiotic use and presenting a risk of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study evaluated the use of antibiotics in hospitalized pneumonia patients, with qualitative and quantitative approaches using the Gyssen and ATC / DDD methods. The articles taken as research samples involve a publication period from 2013 to 2023. The data included include the Gyssen parameter, DDD/100, and DDD/1000 patient days. The synthesis showed that ceftriaxone and meropenem antibiotics were the top choices, with values of 1547.735 DDD/100 bed days and 3011.2 DDD/1000 patient days, respectively. Ceftriaxone was documented in 21 journals, while in 8 of 37 journals, meropenem considered antibiotic use in hospitalized pneumonia patients. Evaluation of the quality of antibiotic use showed the highest level in category (0) at 93.7%, followed by (IVa) at 67.6%. Meanwhile, analysis of bacterial resistance to antibiotics showed that Klebsiella pneumonia was the most resistant bacteria, especially to antibiotics carbapenems, ertapenem, doripenem, cephalosporin generation 3, extended-spectrum cephalosporin, and piperacillin/tazobactam, with significant values 0.05%. These findings provide deep insight into patterns of antibiotic use in hospitalized pneumonia patients while identifying potential areas for improving the quality of antibiotic use and treating bacterial resistance. Thus, this study contributes to efforts to optimize pneumonia management and reduce the impact of antibiotic resistance in the community.
Study of Liquid Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (L-SNEDDS) that Use Oleic Acid as the Oil Phase: Literature Review Lestari, Ratih Guswinda; Sukmawati, Anita
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 21, Special Issue 1, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i0.23468

Abstract

Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) is a nanoemulsion system that can be used to increase the bioavailability of drugs that are hardly soluble in water and have low bioavailability. Oleic acid, a saturated fatty acid that is found in many vegetable oils, is an oil that is often used for the oil phase in SNEDDS. Therefore, this review article aims to review, study, analyze and explore the optimum formula of SNEDDS that use oleic acid as the oil phase. The articles were searched via Google Schoolar, Science Direct, and Pubmed. The total number of articles is 464 articles. The total number articles that include exclusion criteria is 453 articles. The total article that use is 11 articles. SNEDDS, which uses oleic acid as the oil phase, produces droplet sizes of 19.75-190.03 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.278-0.532. Zeta potential value, only 2 articles have a zeta potential value above +/-30, that is mefenamic acid SNEDDS and furosemide SNEDDS. Overall, SNEDDS which uses oleic acid as the oil phase has a better dissolution and bioavailability profile compared to the commercial product or the pure drug. If solubility and bioavailability increase, it can increase the pharmacological activity of the drugs
Direct benefits of Covid-19 Vaccination at Juata Primary Health Center, North Tarakan District Harlianti, Mariska Sri; Fortuna, Tista Ayu; Ramadhini, Affida; Aisya, Fitria Shofwa
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i2.23306

Abstract

North Kalimantan Province is the only province with a pandemic situation level in the medium level community transmission (CT2) category with an accumulated incidence of 24.1 per 100,000 population in 2021. The increasing incidence is accompanied by opinions of rejection in the community regarding confusion over Covid-19 vaccination at the start of the incident. , underlying the increasing morbidity and mortality rates as well as the decline in the country's social and economic activities. The Covid-19 vaccination program is an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality rates as well as restore social and economic conditions due to the pandemic. The aim of this research is to calculate the direct economic value of the Covid-19 vaccination program. Observational research with descriptive quantitative data analysis was carried out to illustrate this aim. Data collection was carried out retrospectively based on monthly reports from the Juata Community Health Center specifically for Covid-19. The sample inclusion criteria in this study were data on patients who were confirmed positive for Covid-19 in the North Tarakan District area in 2020 – 2022 and received therapy based on the guidelines or Guidelines for the management of Covid-19, 4th edition of 2022. The sample was divided into 3 vaccination periods with the number of samples for each were 77, 92, and 89 patients respectively. The direct benefit of the Covid-19 vaccination program is the difference in total costs between periods. The research results show that the difference in costs for periods I and II and II and III is negative, namely (-) IDR 12,697,280 and (-) IDR 494,660, respectively. Thus, from an economic aspect it does not yet illustrate the direct benefits of the 1 – 3 dose vaccination program. One of the reasons may be the inappropriate use of Covid-19 treatment drugs, namely oseltamivir. However, the incidence of Covid-19 decreased by 34.8% in period III (vaccination doses 2 to 3), namely 417. This shows that from a clinical aspect, the Covid-19 vaccination program is able to increase immunity.
Physical Characterization of Chitosan-based Syzygium polyanthum Leaves Extract Nanoparticles Hidayati, Evi Nurul; Rahayyu, Annisa Maulidia; Azzahra, Fauzia
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i2.23296

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the most abundant in natural resources countries in the world. The bay leaves are well- known among the locals and have various pharmacological properties, including anti dyslipidemia. Currently, the use of nanoparticle technologies in dyslipidemia treatment is quite popular. These treatments have numerous advantages such as enhancing the potency of dyslipidemia agents. The purpose of this study is to develop chitosan-based nanoparticles made from Syzygium polyanthum leaves extract using crosslink method. Chitosan is used as the polymer and STPP as the crosslinker with the ratio of chitosan:STPP is 5:1. Two formula is generated, F1 is chitosan-based nanoparticle extract and F2 is chitosan-base nanoparticle blank. Syzygium polyanthum extract contains alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, quinone, and tannin, as determined by secondary metabolites screening. The total flavonoid content of Syzygium polyanthum leaves extract determined as quercetin is 0.04%. Physical properties of generated nanoparticles such as size, polydispersity index (PI) and zeta potential are investigated. Particle sizes of nanoparticles F1 and F2 are 180.1 ± 0.5 nm and 464.3 ± 25.98 nm with the PI values of F1 and F2 are 0.220 ± 0.02 and 0.563 ± 0.112 respectively. Zeta potential value for F1 is 21.8 ± 1.74 mV and F2 is 17.8 ± 0.21 mV. The entrapment efficiency is evaluated to determine the extract content of the nanoparticle, and the result is 47.13%. From this research, the chitosan-based nanoparticles containing Syzygium polyanthum formula have good physical properties. Further investigation is needed to evaluate its potential as anti-dyslipidemia. 
A Systematic Review: Ethnomedicinal Uses And Pharmacological Activity Of Male Papaya Flower (Carica papaya L.) Purwaningsih, Purwaningsih; Indrayudha, Peni
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 21, Special Issue 1, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i0.23474

Abstract

An extensively utilized plant in traditional medicine is the papaya plant (Carica papaya L.). Papaya plants are useful in almost all parts, one part of (Carica papaya  L.) that has potential is the papaya flowers. Papaya flowers are often used as a vegetable, but papaya flowers also have health benefits. The purpose of this review is to present thorough and current information on the ethnomedical usage and pharmacological activity of male papaya flowers. The search method was carried out using relevant keywords of the following databases: Google Scholar, ScienDirect, and NCBI. The results of the article search after going through the article selection process based on the database resulted in 25 relevant articles. Male papaya flowers contain many bioactive compounds known pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, analgesic, wound healing, antihyperlipidemic, bioinsecticide, tyrosinase inhibition and sun protection activity. This pharmacological activity may be caused by the large number of bioactive compounds contained in male papaya flowers.
Evaluation of The Quality of Pharmaceutical Care and Identification of Human Resources and Infrastructure in The Pharmacy Installation of Hospital in Sukoharjo in 2023 Pinasthika, Shinta; Nugraheni, Ambar Yunita
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 21, Special Issue 1, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i0.23463

Abstract

The fulfillment of pharmaceutical Minimum Service Standards (MSS) an important role in improving the quality of pharmaceutical services and public health. This study aims to evaluate the quality of pharmaceutical care following the pharmaceutical minimum service standards as well as the identification of human resources (HR) and infrastructure facilities at the Hospital Pharmacy Installation in Sukoharjo. This type of research is descriptive non-experimental. Samples in the study included prescriptions and patients. Samples in the study included prescriptions and patients. MSS data on indicators of dispensing time for drug services, indicators of prescription suitability with the formulary and patient satisfaction analyzed based on Menkes RI Number 30 of 2022. Data on HR and infrastructure were analyzed based on Menkes RI Number 56 of 2014 and Menkes RI Number 72 of 2016. The results showed the indicator dispensing time does not meet the standard because dispensing time ≤ 60 minutes is 45.66% (less than standard of 80%). The results on the indicator of the suitability of prescriptions with the formulary are 89.5% (≥80%), and the patient satisfaction indicator is 91.25% (76.61%) so it has met the standard. The results of HR identification based on the classification of the number of pharmaceutical personnel have met the standard. However, classification based on pharmacist workload and identification of facilities and infrastructure does not meet the standard.
Demographic, Clinical, and Antiretroviral Regiment Treatment Characteristics of HIV/AIDS Patients at the Regional General Hospital of Central Papua Mar’ah, Siti Sitatul; Ichsan, Burhannudin; Cholisoh, Zakky
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i2.23300

Abstract

The incidence of HIV infections in Papua is currently on the rise, primarily due to restricted access to antiretroviral treatment and insufficient support and care. Additionally, there is a lack of awareness among residents in rural or mountainous areas about HIV/AIDS infection, as provided by healthcare professionals. Until now, research data have been scarce on the demographic characteristics, clinical features, and treatment approaches for HIV/AIDS patients in the interior regions of Papua. This data is crucial for devising strategies aimed at enhancing healthcare services for individuals affected by HIV/AIDS.Consequently, this study endeavors to gain insights into the demographic characteristics, clinical features, and treatment modalities for HIV/AIDS patients at the Regional General Hospital of the Central Papua Region. It employs an observational descriptive approach, utilizing medical records of HIV/AIDS patients who visited the Central Papua Regional Government Hospital in June 2023. The findings indicate that, based on demographic data, the majority of patients were, on average, ≤25 years old (60.8%), male (52.5%), married (56.7%), and the highest number of HIV/AIDS cases were among secondary education graduates (40.8%). The majority were employed (67.5%) with incomes below the minimum wage threshold (69.2%). All heterosexual patients exhibited behavioral risk factors, and 4.2% had comorbidities such as hypertension. Tuberculosis was the most common opportunistic infection (17.5%). The highest proportion of individuals with HIV/AIDS were in stage II (66.7%). The predominant antiretroviral treatment regimen was a fixed-dose combination (FDC) containing Tenofovir 300mg, Lamivudine 300mg, and Efavirenz 600mg. The duration of use of ARV therapy in people with HIV / AIDS is at most 1 month. 
Application Of Factorial Design To Optimize Lubricant Concentration And Granule Mixing Time In The Formulation Of Sour Star Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L) Ethanolic Extract Tablet Setiyadi, Gunawan; Putri, Yola Veranita
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 21, Special Issue 1, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i0.23590

Abstract

The use of lubricant in tablet compaction can reduce both intergranular and granule to die-wall friction that in turen improve granule flow properties and reduce adhesion of granule mass to the die wall. However, the concentration and method of adding lubricants into granule mass has also been known to influence the physical properties of tablets, such as hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution. This study aimed to apply 2-factor-2-level-factorial (22) design to determine the effect of lubricant concentration in granule mass (factor A) and the granule mixing time (factor B) on the physical properties of granules and tablets of starfruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) ethanolic extract and to obtain the optimum setting of both factors that results in responses that satisfy most of the predefined criteria. The factorial design was set as follows: (l) = 2.5%, 5 minutes, a = 5%, 5 minutes, b = 2.5%, 15 minutes, and ab = 5%, 15 minutes. The lubricant used was a mixture of magnesium stearate and talc in a ratio of 1:9. Experimental design and optimization were carried out using Design Expert 13.0 software with granule flowability, angle of repose, and compressibility, as well as tablet weight uniformity (%RSD), hardness, friability, and disintegration time as responses. Optimum results were obtained with 2.5% lubricant and 5 minutes factor combination. The verification test to the optimum parameters showed that the granule flowability, angle of repose, tablet hardness and tablet friability are within the prediction interval range (PI 95%).

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